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1、会计学1中国文化中国文化(wnhu)教程教程第一页,共61页。Unit 24Martial Arts and Cuju第1页/共61页第二页,共61页。nLead-innText studynExercisesContent 第2页/共61页第三页,共61页。Lead-in第3页/共61页第四页,共61页。Text studypIntroductionpMartial Arts of the Shaolin Templep Flowing Shadow BoxingpMartial Arts from the HeartpCuju Flew Higher than Birds第4页/共61页第
2、五页,共61页。IntroductionTraditionally, the Chinese love sports as an essential method for keeping fit as well as for entertainment.People also relate sports to an enhanced insight into life, such as with go (围棋(wiq) and Chinese chess.第5页/共61页第六页,共61页。IntroductionAs a country with diverse cultural tradit
3、ions passed down from one generation to another over a long history, China has developed a variety of sports, including archery, cuju (traditional football), sumo and other forms of wrestling, equestrianism (马术(msh), martial arts, and acrobatics. Among these, martial arts and acrobatics may be said
4、to be the superb skills of China.第6页/共61页第七页,共61页。Martial Arts of the Shaolin TempleDo you know who is the man in the picture? Why is he well-known in the world?第7页/共61页第八页,共61页。Martial Arts of the Shaolin TempleWhen people talk of the martial arts, or kung fu, they most immediately think of Bruce L
5、ee (1940-1973), and his great accomplishments in boxing, swordplay, and skill with knives and sticks. With his superb kung fu popularized throughout the world, he became the embodiment of Chinese martial arts. His dazzling three-section stick skills left a deep impression on audiences. Bruce Lees ku
6、ng fu was deeply rooted in traditional Chinese martial arts.第8页/共61页第九页,共61页。Martial Arts of the Shaolin TempleIn Chinese martial arts circles, Shaolin Temple enjoys great repute for its distinct style of martial arts-a precious feature of Chinas cultural legacy.河南河南(h nn)(h nn)嵩山少林寺塔嵩山少林寺塔林林Towers
7、at Shaolin Temple, Towers at Shaolin Temple, located on Songshan located on Songshan Mountain in Henan Mountain in Henan Province, first built at Province, first built at the end of the fifth the end of the fifth centurycentury第9页/共61页第十页,共61页。Martial Arts of the Shaolin Temple第10页/共61页第十一页,共61页。Mar
8、tial Arts of the Shaolin Temple第11页/共61页第十二页,共61页。Martial Arts of the Shaolin Temple第12页/共61页第十三页,共61页。Martial Arts of the Shaolin Temple第13页/共61页第十四页,共61页。Martial Arts of the Shaolin Temple第14页/共61页第十五页,共61页。Flowing Shadow Boxing第15页/共61页第十六页,共61页。Flowing Shadow Boxing第16页/共61页第十七页,共61页。Flowing Sha
9、dow Boxing第17页/共61页第十八页,共61页。Flowing Shadow Boxing第18页/共61页第十九页,共61页。Flowing Shadow Boxing第19页/共61页第二十页,共61页。Flowing Shadow Boxing第20页/共61页第二十一页,共61页。Flowing Shadow Boxing第21页/共61页第二十二页,共61页。Martial Arts from the Heart第22页/共61页第二十三页,共61页。Martial Arts from the Heart第23页/共61页第二十四页,共61页。Martial Arts fr
10、om the Heart第24页/共61页第二十五页,共61页。Martial Arts from the Heart第25页/共61页第二十六页,共61页。Martial Arts from the Heart第26页/共61页第二十七页,共61页。Martial Arts from the Heart第27页/共61页第二十八页,共61页。Cuju Flew Higher than Birds“Cuju uses the feet to kick the ball, hence called football today.”Collection of Xikun Songs (西昆(x k
11、n)酬唱集) by Yang YiWhat does Cuju mean?第28页/共61页第二十九页,共61页。Cuju Flew Higher than Birds Many ancient Chinese paintings depict scenes of cuju.第29页/共61页第三十页,共61页。Cuju Flew Higher than BirdsCuju is said to have first appeared in the ancient era of the Yellow Emperor.Cuju is said to have been invented by t
12、he Yellow Emperor, or during the Warring States Period. It was originally a method to train soldiers, and through cuju, soldiers of talent can be found. For enjoyment, soldiers like to play it when they are free from duty.“ Miscellanies (Bielu) by Liu Xiang of the Han Dynasty第30页/共61页第三十一页,共61页。Cuju
13、 Flew Higher than Birds but historical documents record clearly that this sport was quite popular in the State of Qi during the Warring States Period. This sport was originally popular in the army, as a type of activity involving both conflict and entertainment. The military thus discovered soldiers
14、 with ability while they exercised their bodies through the sport, which also would have slightly relieved the boredom and loneliness of barrack (兵营(bngyng) life.第31页/共61页第三十二页,共61页。Cuju Flew Higher than Birds“Noble families engage in cuju and cockfighting.” On Salt and Iron (Yantie Lun) by Huan Kua
15、n of Han Dynasty“The Ball and the Court Field” by Li You of Easter Han Dynasty 第32页/共61页第三十三页,共61页。Cuju Flew Higher than BirdsThe court field for cuju was a rectangle (长方形), while the ball was round, which accorded with the Chinese idea of the sky is round and the land is square. A closed space with
16、in high walls, the court field had stands specially built for distinguished spectators. The game was usually played between two teams, each having 12 players in the field, with goals on both sides, as well as referees.No specific rules for the game are known today.第33页/共61页第三十四页,共61页。Cuju Flew Highe
17、r than BirdsThe football used in the Han Dynasty was already made of leather, but filled with solid materials instead of air. The Tang Dynasty witnessed the invention of the air-filled ball. Tang-dynasty people paid great attention to the atmosphere of the matches, beating drums to add to the fun.第3
18、4页/共61页第三十五页,共61页。Cuju Flew Higher than Birds第35页/共61页第三十六页,共61页。Cuju Flew Higher than Birds第36页/共61页第三十七页,共61页。Cuju Flew Higher than Birds第37页/共61页第三十八页,共61页。Cuju Flew Higher than Birds第38页/共61页第三十九页,共61页。Cuju Flew Higher than BirdsAdditional Info第39页/共61页第四十页,共61页。Cuju Flew Higher than Birds第40页/共
19、61页第四十一页,共61页。ExercisespComprehensionpCommunicationpApplication第41页/共61页第四十二页,共61页。Comprehensionl. Skimming and Scanning Go through the passage quickly and answer the following questions briefly. 1) Among the sports developed in China, which ones can be regarded as excellent skills?2) What contribut
20、ion did Bruce Lee make to Chinese martial arts?Martial arts and acrobatics can be regarded as the superb skills of China.His superb kung fu popularized throughout the world and he became the embodiment of Chinese martial arts.第42页/共61页第四十三页,共61页。4) What kinds of Shaolin boxing are mentioned in the p
21、assage?5) Among all the types of Shaolin martial arts, which one is regarded as the best?Long boxing, short boxing, Shaolin childrens kung fu, one-finger Zen and Arhat boxing are mentioned in the passage.Comprehension3) What are the peculiar types of Shaolin martial arts?The peculiar types of Shaoli
22、n martial arts include long boxing, short boxing, knife and stick play, swordplay, and Shaolin childrens kung fu.Among all the types of Shaolin martial arts, arhat boxing is regarded as the best.第43页/共61页第四十四页,共61页。Comprehension7) As a Chinese philosophical term, what does Taiji mean?8) What are the
23、 characteristics of shadow boxing? Shadow boxing is now used as a method for physical exercise and disease prevention. As a Chinese philosophical term, ”Taiji” means the source of all things on Earth, which is circular in shape, including the yin and the yang.The two characteristics of shadow boxing
24、 are being circular and its pursuit of flowing rhythm amidst the changes of yin and yang.6) What is shadow boxing now used as?第44页/共61页第四十五页,共61页。Comprehension10) What do the peaceful surface and the wild ocean currents exemplify in Paragraph 13?11) Why is shadow boxing compared to water? The Chines
25、e philosophy involved in shadow boxing is the idea of guidance advocated by Daoism. In Paragraph 13, the peaceful surface exemplifies stillness, while the wild ocean currents“ exemplifies mobility.Shadow boxing is compared to water because they are both gentle but powerful.9) What Chinese philosophy
26、 is involved in shadow boxing?第45页/共61页第四十六页,共61页。Comprehension13) What do the documents and paintings cited in Paragraphs 17-20 serve as?14) What is the advantage of the football used in the Tang Dynasty over that in the Han Dynasty?The purpose of Chinese martial arts is to defend rather than attac
27、k.The documents and paintings cited in Paragraphs 17-20 serve as evidences for the long history of cuju or Chinese football.The advantage of the football used in the Tang Dynasty over that in the Han Dynasty is that the air-filled ball was elastic and could fly higher into the sky, making the sport
28、more interesting.12) What is the purpose of Chinese martial arts?第46页/共61页第四十七页,共61页。ComprehensionFrom Song Dynasty, the entertainment aspect of the game increased greatly.15) When did the entertainment aspect of the game increase greatly?第47页/共61页第四十八页,共61页。II. Careful Reading 1. Read the passage c
29、arefully and fill in the following blanks with the missing information.1)The dragon-boat races during the Duanwu Festival, swings at the Qingming Festival, and climbing mountains during the Double-ninth Festival are mentioned in the first paragraph to show that _ _.2) Bruce Lee was expert at such sk
30、ills as_ _.Comprehension the Chinese love sports as an essential method for keeping fit as well as for entertainmentboxing,swordplay, skill with knives and three-section sticks第48页/共61页第四十九页,共61页。3) The history of Shaolin Temple is as long as approximately _ years.4) The origin of Shaolin martial ar
31、ts was attributed to _.5) The secret of One-finger Zen is to _ _.6) The shallow holes on the ground in the One Thousand Buddha Hall represent _ _. Comprehension1,500Bodhidharma, a Buddhist mastcondense and focusall ones energy and strength onto one fingersweat of generationsof martial arts practitio
32、ners第49页/共61页第五十页,共61页。7) Shadow boxing can help prevent disease because it can _ _.8) The most important criterion for judging the quality of shadow boxing is _.9) People prefer to practise shadow boxing early in the morning because _ _.10) Shadow boxing lays great emphasis on the training of _.Com
33、prehensionadjust the neural, respiratory, digestive, coronary, brain, and circulatory systems of the human body being smooth and roundone can inhale the early morningfresh air when practicing shadow boxingeven breathing and a serene mind第50页/共61页第五十一页,共61页。11) The “emptiness or soulessness” of Shaol
34、in martial arts refers to _.12) Shaolin martial arts require a practitioner to jump, land, advance, retreat, turn aside, etc., in a straight line, in order to _.13) The adherence to Confucian benevolence of Shaolin martial arts is reflected by its _ _ _ _ _ _.Comprehensionthe state of being free of
35、any worldly carescollect energy inside“eight donts” when one has to resort to force dont attack the temples, dont attack the chest, dont attack the soft ribs, dont attack the armpits, dont attack the private parts, dont attack either side of the small of the back, dont attack the coccyx, and dont at
36、tack the auricles 第51页/共61页第五十二页,共61页。14) Cuju was invented as a way to _.15) In Eastern Han Dynasty, the game was played between _, each having _ players in the field, with _ on both sides, as well as _.16) Liu Bang had a large cuju court built in order to _.17) Xiaowei was a title for _ _Comprehen
37、siontrain soldierstwo teams12goals referees entertain his fatherthe higheat-ranking crafts-people in the Qiyun Society, a cuju association 第52页/共61页第五十三页,共61页。2. Put the antonyms of the following words from the passage 1) defense 2) exterior 3) inward 4) inhale 5) mobility/motion 6) retreat 7) gentl
38、e 8) offensiveComprehensionattack interior outward expelstillnessadvancepowerfuldefensive 第53页/共61页第五十四页,共61页。3. Put each of the following into English and then compare your translation with that in the passage.1)三节(snji)棍2)步林童子功3)一指禅4)太极拳Comprehensionthree-section stickShaolin childrens kung fuone-
39、finger Zentaiji quan/shadow boxing/taichi chuan第54页/共61页第五十五页,共61页。5)卧似一张弓,站似一棵松。不动不摇坐如钟,走路(zu l)一阵风。6)秀如猫,抖如虎,行如龙,动如闪,声如雷。7)尚德不尚力。ComprehensionLie like a bow, stand like a pine tree, sit like a bell, and walk like the windElegant like a cat, yet fierce like a tiger; walking like a dragon, moving li
40、ke lightning, with voice like thunderHold morals in esteem, rather than force.第55页/共61页第五十六页,共61页。Communication Bruce Lee has been a household name in China and all over the world. Lee even became an iconic figure known throughout the world and remains very popular among Asian people and in particular among the Chinese, as he integrated Chinese patriotism in his films. While initially trained in Wing Chun (咏春拳), he later rejected well-defined martial art styles. He preferred to utilize useful
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