罗宾斯管理学第六章练习题

1、sJobChapter6-Decision-Making:TheEsseneeoftheManagerTrue/FalseQuestionsAMANAGERSDILEMMA1.AccordingtothecompanyprofileinAManagesDilemma,HarleyDavidsonwasmentionedasamajorcompetitortoConnondaleCorporation.False(easy)AManages2. ThetypeofdecisionfacingMarioGalassointhefeaturedbox,Dilemma,canbedescribedas

2、anonprogrammeddecision.True(moderate)THEDECISION-MAKINGPROCESS3. Adiscrepancybetweenanexistingandadesiredstateofaffairsisanopportunity.False(moderate)4. Thefirststepinthedecision-makingprocessisidentifyingaproblem.True(easy)5. Thefinalstepinthedecision-makingprocessisimplementingthechosenalternative

3、.False(moderate)6. Itispossibleattheendofthedecision-makingprocessthatyoumayberequiredtostartthedecisionprocessoveragain.True(easy)7. Thepriceofaparticularcomputerbrandisapossibledecisioncriterion.True(moderate)8. Adecisioncriteriondefineswhatisrelevantinadecision.True(moderate)9. Thestepinthedecisi

4、on-makingprocessthatinvolveschoosingabestalternativeistermedimplementation.False(moderate)THEMANAGERASDECISIONMAKER10. Decision-makingissynonymouswithmanaging.True(easy)11. Managerialdecision-makingisassumedtoberational.True(moderate)12. Oneassumptionofrationalityisthatwecannotknowallofthealternativ

5、es.False(difficult)13. Acceptingsolutionsthataregoodenoughistermedsatisfying.False(easy)14. Managerstendtooperateunderassumptionsofboundedrationality.True(moderate)15. Managersregularlyusetheirintuitionindecision-making.True(easy)16. Rationalanalysisandintuitivedecision-makingarecomplementary.True(m

6、oderate)17. Apolicyisanexplicitstatementthattellsamanagerwhatheorsheoughtoroughtnottodo.False(moderate)18. Programmeddecisionstendtoberepetitiveandroutine.True(easy)19. Rulesandpoliciesarebasicallythesame.False(moderate)20. Nonprogrammeddecisionsareuniqueandnonrecurring.True(moderate)21. Mostmanager

7、ialdecisionsintherealworldarefullynonprogrammed.False(easy)22. Organizationalefficiencyisfacilitatedbytheuseofprogrammeddecision-making.True(moderate)23. Theidealsituationformakingdecisionsislowrisk.False(moderate)24. Riskisasituationinwhichadecisionmakerhasneithercertaintynorreasonableprobabilityes

8、timates.False(difficult)25. Anoptimisticmanagerwillfollowamaximinapproach.False(moderate)26. Peoplewhohavealowtoleraneeforambiguityandarerationalintheirwayofthinkingaresaidtohaveadirectivestyle.True(moderate)27. Decisionmakerswithananalyticstylehaveamuchsmallertoleraneeforambiguitythandodirectivetyp

9、es.False(moderate)28. Individualswithaconceptualstyletendtobeverybroadintheiroutlookandwilllookatmanyalternatives.True(moderate)29. Behavioral-styledecisionmakersworkwellwithothers.True(easy)MANAGINGWORKFORCEDIVERSITYemployees30. Accordingtotheboxedfeature,“ManagingWorkforceDiversity,”diversetendtom

10、akedecisionsfasterthanahomogeneousgroupofemployees.False(moderate)MultipleChoiceAMANAGERSDILEMMA31. Accordingtothecompanyprofilein”AManagersDilemma,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthetypeofdecisionMarkGalassoisfacedwithintheintroductionofhiscompanysnewdirtbikea. programmeddecisionb. nonprogrammed(mo

11、derate)c. universald. unethicale. orthodox32. AllofthefollowingarementionedasmajorcompetitorsofConnondaleCorporationaccordingtothecompanyprofilein“AManagersDilemmaEXCEPT:a. Yamahab. Suzukic. HarleyDavidson(easy)d. Kawasakie. HondaTHEDECISION-MAKINGPROCESS33. Decision-makingis(simplistically)typicall

12、ydescribedaswhichofthefollowinga. decidingwhatiscorrectb. puttingprefereneeonpaperc. choosingamongalternatives(moderate)d. processinginformationtocompletione. theendresultofdatacollection34.Aseriesofeightstepsthatbeginswithidentifyingaproblemanddecisioncriteriaandallocatingweightstothosecriteria;mov

13、estodeveloping,analyzing,andselectinganalternativethatcanresolvetheproblem;implementsthealternative;andconcludeswithevaluatingthedecisionseffectivenessisthe.a. decision-makingprocess.(easy)b. managerialprocess.c. maximinstyle.d. boundedrationalityapproach.e. legalisticopportunismprocess.35. Thefirst

14、stepinthedecision-makingprocessiswhichofthefollowinga. developingdecisioncriteriab. allocatingweightstothecriteriac. analyzingalternativesd. identifyingaproblem(moderate)e. implementingthedecisionseffectiveness36. Adiscrepancybetweenanexistingandadesiredstateofaffairsdescribeswhichofthestepsinthedec

15、ision-makingprocessa. criteriaweightallocationb. analysisofalternativesc. problemidentification(difficult)d. decisioneffectivenessevaluatione. decisioncriteriaidentification37. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueconcerningproblemidentificationa. Problemsaregenerallyobvious.b. Asymptomandaproblemareb

16、asicallythesame.c. Welltrainedmanagersgenerallyagreeonwhatisconsideredaproblem.d. Theproblemmustbesuchthatitexertssometypeofpressureforthemanagertoact.(moderate)e. Tobeconsideredaproblem,managersmustbeawareofthediscrepancybutnothavetheresourcesnecessarytotakeaction.38.Whichofthefollowingmustbepresen

17、tinordertoinitiatethedecision-makingprocessa. plentyoftimeb. pressuretoact(moderate)c. alackofauthorityd. alackofresourcese. environmentalcertainty39.Managersarentlikelytocharacterizesomethingasaproblemiftheyperceivea. theydonthaveauthoritytoact.(difficult)b. pressuretoact.c. adiscrepancy.d. theyhav

18、esufficientresources.e. theyhavebudgetaryauthority.40.Ifamanagerwaspurchasingacomputersystem,issuessuchaspriceandmodelareexamplesofwhichpartofthedecision-makingprocessa. problemidentificationb. criteriaweightallocationc. identifyingdecisioncriteria(difficult)d. evaluatingdecisioneffectivenesse. impl

19、ementingthealternative41. Whichofthefollowingisthestepinthedecision-makingprocessidentifyingaproblemanddecisioncriteriaa. allocatingweightstothecriteria(moderate)b. analyzingthealternativesc. selectingthebestalternatived. implementingthealternativee. evaluatingthedecisionseffectiveness42. Inallocati

20、ngweightstothedecisioncriteria,whichofthefollowingishelpfultoremembera. Allweightsmustbethesame.b. Thetotaloftheweightsshouldsumto.c. Everyfactorcriterionconsidered,regardlessofitsimportance,mustreceivesomeweighting.d. Assignthemostimportantcriterionascore,andthenassignweightsagainstthatstandard.(di

21、fficult)e. Themostimportantandleastimportantcriteriashouldreceiveweightingstandard.43. Instepsixofthedecision-makingprocess,eachalternativeisappraisingitagainstthe.a. subjectivegoalsofthedecisionmaker.b. criteria.(moderate)c. assessedvalues.d. implementationstrategy.thatfollowstheinverseevaluatedbye

22、. discrepancystatus.44. Selectinganalternativeinthedecision-makingprocessisaccomplishedbya. choosingthealternativewiththehighestscore.(easy)b. choosingtheoneyoulikebest.c. selectingthealternativethathasthelowestprice.d. selectingthealternativethatisthemostreliable.e. choosingthealternativeyouthinkyo

23、urbosswouldprefer.45. includesconveyingadecisiontothoseaffectedandgettingtheircommitmenttoit.a. Selectinganalternativeb. Evaluationofdecisioneffectivenessc. Implementationofthealternatives(moderate)d. Analyzingalternativese. Developingalternatives46. Whichofthefollowingisimportantineffectivelyimplem

24、entingthechosenalternativeinthedecision-makingprocessa. gettinguppermanagementsupportb. doublecheckingyouranalysisforpotentialerrorsc. allowingthoseimpactedbytheoutcometoparticipateintheprocess(moderate)d. ignoringcriticismconcerningyourchosenalternativee. implementingyourchosenalternativequickly47.

25、 Whichofthefollowingisthefinalstepinthedecision-makingprocessa. identifyingtheproblemb. evaluatingthedecisionseffectiveness(easy)c. identifyingdecisioncriteriad. selectinganalternativethatcanresolvetheprobleme. allocatingweightstoalternatives.48. Whichofthefollowingisimportanttorememberinevaluatingt

26、heeffectivenessofthedecision-makingprocessa. Ignorecriticismconcerningthedecision-making.b. Youmayhavetostartthewholedecisionprocessover.(difficult)c. Restartthedecision-makingprocessifthedecisionislessthan50%effective.d. 90%ofproblemswithdecision-makingoccurintheimplementationstep.issuese. Keeptrac

27、kofproblemswiththechosenalternative,butonlychangethosethatuppermanagementdemand.THEPERVASIVENESSOFDECISIONMAKING49. Decision-makingissynonymouswitha. managing.(easy)b. leading.c. controlling.d. planning.e. organizing.50. Whichofthefollowingisnotaplanningdecisiona. WhataretheorganizationsIong-termobj

28、ectivesb. Whatstrategieswillbestachievethoseobjectivesc. HowmanysubordinatesshouldIhavereportdirectlytome(moderate)d. Whatshouldtheorganizationsshort-termobjectivesbee. Howdifficultshouldindividualgoalsbe51. Whichofthefollowingisnotanorganizingdecisiona. WhataretheorganizationsIong-termobjectives(mo

29、derate)b. HowmanyemployeesshouldIhavereportdirectlytomec. Howshouldjobsbedesignedd. Howmuchcentralizationshouldtherebeintheorganizatione. Whenshouldtheorganizationimplementadifferentstructure52. Whichofthefollowingisnotaleadingdecisiona. HowdoIhandleemployeeswhoappeartobelowinmotivationb. Whatisthem

30、osteffectiveleadershipstyleinagivensituationc. Howwillaspecificchangeaffectworkerproductivityd. Whenistherighttimetostimulateconflicte. Howshouldjobsbedesigned(moderate)53. Whichofthefollowingisnotacontrollingdecisiona. Whatactivitiesintheorganizationneedtobecontrolledb. Howshouldthoseactivitiesbeco

31、ntrolledc. Whenisaperformaneedeviationsignificantd. Whenistherighttimetostimulateconflict(moderate)e. WhattypeofmanagementinformationsystemshouldtheorganizationhaveTHEMANAGERASDECISIONMAKERtheymakeconsistent.value-maximizing54. Managersareassumedtobechoiceswithinspecifiedconstraints.a. rational(easy

32、)b. leadersc. organizedd. satisficerse. programmed55. Rerestsoftheorganization.a. economic(moderate)b. payoffc. statisticald. revenuee. budgetaryWhichofthefollowingistrueaboutmanagerialrationaldecision-makinga. Mostdecision

33、smanagersfaceallowforrationaldecision-making.b. Managerscanmakerationaldecisionsifprovidedtherightsetof(difficult)c. Rationaldecision-makingisalwayspossibleifthegoalsarestraightforward.d. Timepressureforcesmanagersintorationaldecision-making.e. Rationaldecision-makingisgenerallypossiblewhenthedecisi

34、oninvolvesthingsbutnotpeople.assumptions.clearandWhichofthefollowingisnotavalidassumptionaboutrationalitya. Theproblemisclearandunambiguous.b. Asinglewell-definedgoalistobeachieved.c. Preferencesareclear.d. Preferencesareconstantlychanging.(difficult)e. Notimeorcostconstraintsexist.58.Inboundedratio

35、nality,eractived.simplified(difficult)e.pastthe59. Accordingtothetext,becausemanagerscantpossiblyanalyzeallinformationonallalternatives,managers,ratherthan.a. maximize;satisficeb. maximize;minimizec. satisfice;mi

36、nimized. satisfice;maximize(moderate)60. Thetypeofdecision-makinginwhichthesolutionisconsideredgoodenoughisknownaswhichofthefollowinga. intuitionb. rationalc. maximizingd. satisficing(moderate)e. gutfeeling61. Whenadecision-makerchoosesanalternativeunderperfectrationality,shechoosesadecision,whileun

37、derboundedrationalityshechoosesadecision.a. minimizing;satisfyingb. satisficing;maximizingc. maximizing;satisficing(difficult)d. maximizing;minimizinge. minimizing;maximizing62. Anincreasedcommitmenttoapreviousdecisiondespiteevidencethatitmayhavebeenwrongisreferredtoas.a. economiesofcommitmentb. esc

38、alationofcommitment(moderate)c. dimensionalcommitmentd. expansionofcommitment63. Anunconsciousprocessofmakingdecisionsonthebasisofexperienceandaccumulatedjudgmentisdecision-making.a. rationalb. intuitive(easy)c. boundedd. satisficinge. programmed64. Accordingtothetext,allofthefollowingareaspectsofin

39、tuitionEXCEPT:a. experienced-baseddecisionsb. affect-initiateddecisionsc. cognitive-baseddecisionsd. valuesorethics-baseddecisionse. programmeddecisions(easy)65. Accordingtothetext,arestraightforward,familiar,andeasilydefinedproblems.a. poorly-structuredproblemsb. well-structuredproblems(moderate)c.

40、 uniqueproblemsd. non-programmedproblemse. programmedproblems66. Well-structuredproblemsalignwellwithwhichtypeofdecision-makinga. programmed(moderate)b. satisficingc. intuitiond. gutfeelinge. garbagecanapproach67. Themostefficientwaytohandlewell-structuredproblemsisthroughdecision-making.a. linearb.

41、 uniquec. focusedd. hit-and-misse. programmed(moderate)on68. decision-makingisrelativelysimpleandtendstorelyheavilyprevioussolutions.a. Nonprogrammedb. Linearc. Satisficingd. Integrativee. Programmed(moderate)69. Programmeddecision-makingtendstorelyonwhichofthefollowinga. theproblemsolversabilitytot

42、hinkonhis/herfeetb. thedevelopmentofaclearsetofalternativesolutionsc. previoussolutions(easy)d. identificationoftheactualprobleme. accurateweightingofthedecisioncriteria70. Aisaseriesofinterrelatedsequentialstepsthatamanagercanuseforrespondingtoastructuredproblem.a. procedure(easy)b. rulec. policyd.

43、 systeme. solution71. Aisanexplicitstatementthattellsamanagerwhatheorsheoughtoroughtnottodo.a. procedureb. policyc. rule(moderate)d. solutione. systemaspecifictermthat72. Aprovidesguidelinestochannelamanagersthinkingindirection.a. systemb. rulec. solutiond. policy(moderate)e. procedure73. Whichofthe

44、followingfactorscontraststhedifferencebetweenapolicyandarulea. apolicyestablishesparameters(difficult)b. aruleestablishesparametersc. apolicyismoreexplicitd. aruleismoreambiguouse. apolicyleaveslittletointerpretation74. Accordingtothetext,atypicallycontainsanambiguousleavesinterpretationuptothedecis

45、ionmaker.a. systemb. rulec. solutiond. policy(moderate)e. procedure75. Abusinessschoolsstatementthatitstrivesforproductiverelationshipswithlocalorganizations,isanexampleofa.a. rule.b. policy.(moderate)c. procedure.d. commitment.e. contract.76. Whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofpoorly-structuredp

46、roblemsa. Theyaretypical.b. Theytendtoberehashedproblemsfromtheorganization.c. Informationisstraightforward.d. Theytendtohaveincompleteorambiguousinformation.(difficult)e. Theyarefastbreakinginnature.to77. Whenproblemsare,managersmustrelyoninorderdevelopuniquesolutions.a. well-structured;nonprogramm

47、eddecisionmakingb. well-structured;pureintuitionc. poorly-structured;nonprogrammeddecisionmaking(moderate)d. poorly-structured;programmeddecisionmaking78. Whichofthefollowingtermsisassociatedwithnonprogrammeddecisionsa. unique(moderate)b. recurringc. routined. repetitivee. well-defined79. Lower-leve

48、lmanagerstypicallyconfrontwhattypeofdecision-makinga. uniqueb. nonroutinec. programmed(moderate)d. nonprogrammede. nonrepetitive80. Whattypeofdecision-makingfacilitatesorganizationalefficiencya. nonprogrammedb. uniquec. nonrepetitived. nonroutinee. programmed(difficult)programmed81. Whichofthefollow

49、ingisanaccuratestatementconcerningtheimpactdecisionsonorganizationsa. Theymaximizetheneedformanagerstoexercisediscretion.b. Theydecreasetheneedforhigh-costmanagerialtalent.(moderate)c. Theyincreasetheamountofjudgmentneededbymanagers.d. Theydecreaseorganizationalefficiency.e. TheyareassociatedwithCre

50、ativeOperatingProcedures.82. isasituationinwhichamanagercanmakeaccuratedecisionsbecausetheoutcomeofeveryalternativeisknown.a. Certainty(easy)b. Riskc. Uncertaintyd. Maximaxe. Maximin83.Ifanindividualknowsthepriceofthreesimilarcarsatdifferentdealerships,he/sheisoperatingunderwhattypeofdecision-making

51、conditiona. riskb. uncertaintyc. certainty(easy)d. factuale. unprogrammed84. isthoseconditionsinwhichthedecisionmakerisabletoestimatethelikelihoodofcertainoutcomes.a. Certaintyb. Risk(easy)c. Uncertaintyd. Maximaxe. Maximin85. Aretailclothingstoremanagerwhoestimateshowmuchtoorderforthecurrentsprings

52、easonbasedonlastspringsoutcomesisoperatingunderwhatkindofdecision-makingconditiona. seasonalb. risk(difficult)c. uncertaintyd. certaintye. cyclicalnor86. isasituationinwhichadecisionmakerhasneithercertaintyreasonableprobabilityestimatesavailable.a. Certaintyb. Riskc. Uncertainty(easy)d. Maximaxe. Ma

53、ximin87. Apersonatahorseracetrackwhobetsallofhis/hermoneyontheodds-basedlongshottowin(ratherthanplaceorshow)ismakingwhatkindofchoicea. maximax(moderate)b. maximinc. minimaxd. minimin88. Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes“maximizingtheminimumpossiblepayoff”a. maximaxb. maximin(moderate)c. minimaxd. min

54、imin89. Anindividualmakingamaximintypeofchoicehaswhattypeofpsychologicalorientationconcerninguncertaindecision-makinga. optimistb. realistc. pessimist(moderate)d. satisficere. extremist90. Whichofthefollowingwouldbestdescribethepsychologicalorientationofanindividualmakinga“maximax”typeofchoicea. opt

55、imist(moderate)b. realistc. pessimistd. satisficere. extremist91. Accordingtothetext,amanagerwhodesirestominimizehisorhermaximim“regretwilloptforachoice.a. maximaxb. maximinc. minimax(moderate)d. minimin92. Allofthefollowingarementionedinthetextasdecision-makingstylesEXCEPT:a. directiveb. egotistica

56、l(moderate)c. analyticd. conceptuale. behavioral93. Whichofthefollowingdecision-makingstyleshavelowtoleranceforambiguityandarerationalintheirwayofthinkinga. directive(moderate)b. egotisticalc. analyticd. conceptuale. behavioraldecision-making94. Amanagerwhobytomorrowwantstoknowthemostlogicalanswertotheproblemthatwillincreaseprofitsforthi