高一英语拓展阅读 气候变化下的澳大利亚森林火灾

1、时文拓展阅读I气候变化下的澳大利亚森林火灾数千年来，澳大利亚的原住民利用野火为自己创造了很多便利，比如清理植被来开辟土地。与此同时，特定的澳大利亚本土植物群也依赖着丛林大火繁殖，比如大火可以使一些桉树的种子开裂，从而得以生根发芽。可是，自2019年9月初持续了四个多月的大火给当地人民和生态带来更多的却是痛苦和灾难Thisseason,thebushfiresinAustraliahaveburnedmorethan12.35millionacresofland.Atleast25peoplehavebeenkilledand2000homesdestroyed.AccordingtotheBB

2、C,thisisthemostcasualties（伤亡）fromwildfiresinthecountrysince2009.TheUniversityofSydneyestimatesthat480millionanimalshavediedinSouthWalesalone.ZekeHausfather,anenergysystemsanalystandclimateresearcheratBerkeleyEarth,saidwarmertemperaturesandextremeweatherhavemadeAustraliamoresusceptibletofiresandincre

3、asedthelengthofthefireseason."Thedrierconditionscombinedwithrecordhightemperaturesin2019createdmainconditionsforthedisastrousfires.Australia'sfireswereworsenedbythecombinationofthosetwo.2019wastheperfectstormforbeingthewarmestyearonrecordforAustraliaandthedriestyearonrecordforAustralia,”Hau

4、sfatheraddedonFriday.KevinTrenberth,aseniorscientistattheUSNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch,saidwarmeroceantemperaturesarealsocontributedtomorevariableweatheraroundtheworld.Trenberthbelievesthatglobalwarmingcontributedtoenergyimbalancesandhotspotsintheoceans,whichcancreateawaveintheatmospheretha

5、tlocksweatherpatternsinplaces,causinglongerraineventsinIndonesia,forexample,andatthesametimecontributingtodroughtinAustralia.Hesaidthatonceanareaexperiencesdroughtconditionsfortwomonthsormore,itincreasestheriskoffirescatchingandspreading.Thosechangingweatherpatternsduetoglobalwarmingmakedroughtevent

6、slonger.Climateexpertsstressthatclimatechangeisnottheonlyfactorintheseverityofwildfires.Howlandismanagedcanalsoimpacttheamountoffuelavailableforfires.Practiceslikecontrolledburnsandotherfactorscanimpacttherisktopeopleandproperty,suchaswarningsystemsandthetypeofdevelopmentinagivenarea.Changingthosepo

7、licieshasgreatpotentialtolimitfuturedamagefromwildfiresalongwithchangestohowfiremanagementresourcesaredispatched（派遣）.1. Whatarethenumbersaboutinparagraph1?A. ThecausesofAustralianfires.B. TheresultsofAustralianfires.C. ThedamagedareasofAustralianfires.D. ThepropertydestructionofAustralianfires.2. Wh

8、ichofthefollowingbestexplains“susceptibleto”inthesecondparagraph?A. Veryquicklytoadaptto.B. Veryseriouslytofocuson.C. Verylikelytobeinfluencedby.D. Veryeasilytobeprotectedagainst.3. WhatcanweinferfromTrenberth'sresearch?A. Globalwarmingistherootcauseofthebushfires.B. Longerdryweathercontributest

9、oglobalwarming.D.Warmeroceantemperaturespromotefiresspreading.C. Theimbalancedenergyleadstothetemperaturerising.4. Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A. TostresstheeffectsofAustraliafires.B. Toshowthemethodsforcontrollingburns.C. TopredicttheseriousnessofAustraliafires.D. Toprovidesomeadv

10、iceaboutreducingdamage.【参考答案】BCAD单词学习1. estimatev.估计Weestimatethat20percentoftheharvesthasbeenlost.我们估计损失了20%的收成。2.susceptibleadj.易受影响的Youngpeoplearethemostsusceptibletoadvertisements.年轻人最容易受广告的影响。3.disastrousadj.灾难性的adisastrousfire严重火灾4.contributetosth.是的原因之一Thereportsaysdesignfaultsinboththevessel

11、scontributedtothetragedy.报道称这两艘船在设计上的缺陷是造成悲剧的原因。5. dispatchv.派遣；调遣Thegoodsaredispatchedfromawarehouse.商品从仓库派送。长难句分析Trenberthbelievesthatglobalwarmingcontributedtoenergyimbalancesandhotspotsintheoceans,whichcancreateawaveintheatmospherethatlocksweatherpatternsinplaces,causinglongerraineventsinIndones

12、ia,forexample,andatthesametimecontributingtodroughtinAustralia.【分析】宾语从句的主干为“globalwarmingcontributedtoenergyimbalancesandhotspots”。“whichcancreateawave.inAustralia”为定语从句，修饰前面的“heoceans”。“thatlocksweatherpatternsinplaces”为定语从句，修饰先行词“awave”。“causinglongerraineventsinIndonesia,forexample,andatthesametimecontributingtodroughtinAustralia”为非谓语动词作结果状语。【翻译】Trenberth认为由全球变暖导致的大气能量不平衡和海洋中炎热的地区可以在大气中形成一股浪，从而锁定某些地方的天气模式，比如在印度尼西亚造成更长时间的降雨，同时又导致澳大利亚的干旱。知识拓展1. BerkeleyEarth:伯克利地球组织，是由理查德和伊丽莎白穆勒