岩土工程专业英语单词表

1、专 业 外 语一。综合类1. geotechnical engineering岩土工程2. foundation engineering基础工程3. soil, earth土4. soil mechanics土力学 cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic found粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5. soil dynamics土动力学6. stress path应力路径二 土的分类1. residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位2. grou

2、ndwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位 3. clay minerals粘土矿物4. secondary minerals次生矿物5. landslides滑坡6. bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7. engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8. boulder漂石9. cobble卵石10. gravel砂石11. gravelly sand砾砂12. coarse sand粗砂13. medium sand中砂14. fine sand细砂15. silty sand粉土16. clayey

3、soil粘性土17. clay粘土18. silty clay粉质粘土19. silt粉土20. sandy silt砂质粉土21. clayey silt粘质粉土22. saturated soil饱和土23. unsaturated soil非饱和土24. fill (soil)填土三 土的基本物理力学性质1. cc Compression index2. cu undrained shear strength3. cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0 (cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0

4、)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4. cvane cohesive strength from vane test5. e0 natural void ratio6. Ip plasticity index7. K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stresses1 and28. K0 do main for effective stresses1 and29. K0n K0 for

5、normally consolidated state 10. K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition 11. K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading (frequency less than 1 Hz),as a pseudo-dynamic test for K0 coefficient12. kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and ve

6、rtical directions, respectively 13. N blow count ,standard penetration test14. OCR over-consolidation ratio15. pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16. p0 effective overburden pressure 17. p s specific cone penetration resistance ,from static cone test 18. qu unconfined compressive stren

7、gth 19. U,Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20. u ,ub ,um pore pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21. w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22. 1,2 principal stresses, 1 and2 denote

8、 effective principal stresses四 渗透性和渗流1. Darcys law 达西定律2. piping管涌3. flowing soil流土4. sand boiling砂沸5. flow net流网6. seepage渗透（流）7. leakage渗流8. seepage (force) pressure渗透压力9. permeability渗透性10. hydraulic gradient水力梯度11. coefficient of permeability渗透系数五地基应力和变形1. soft soil软土 2. (negative) skin friction

9、 of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3. effective stress有效应力total stress总应力4. field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度5. low activity低活性6. sensitivity灵敏度7. triaxial test三轴试验8. foundation design基础设计9. recompaction再压缩10. bearing capacity承载力11. soil mass土体12. contact pressure接触应力13. concentrated load集中荷载14. a semi-infinite

10、 elastic solid半无限弹性体15. homogeneous均质16. isotropic各向同性17. strip footing条基18. square spread footing方形独立基础19. underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）20. dead load =sustained load恒载 持续荷载21. live load活载22. short term transient load短期瞬时荷载23. long-term transient load长期荷载24. reduced load折算荷载25. settlement沉

11、降deformation变形26. casing套管27. dike=dyke堤（防）28. clay fraction粘粒粒组29. physical properties物理性质30. subgrade路基31. well-graded soil级配良好土32. poorly-graded soil级配不良土33. sieve筛子34. Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件35. FEM=finite element method有限元法36. limit equilibrium method极限平衡法37. pore water pressure

12、孔隙水压力38. preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力39. modulus of compressibility压缩模量40. coefficent of compressibility压缩系数41. compression index压缩指数42. swelling index回弹指数43. geostatic stress自重应力44. additional stress附加应力45. total stress总应力46. final settlement最终沉降47. slip line滑动线六基坑开挖与降水1. excavation开挖（挖方）2. dewa

13、tering（基坑）降水3. failure of foundation基坑失稳4. bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5. bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6. retaining wall挡土墙7. pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8. dewatering method降低地下水位法9. well point system井点系统（轻型）10. deep well point深井点11. vacuum well point真空井点12. braced cuts支撑围护braced excavation支撑

14、开挖braced sheeting支撑挡板七深基础deep foundation1. pile foundation桩基础1) cast in-place灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2) belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier 3)

15、precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4) steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩 steel sheet pile钢板桩5) prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2. caisson foundation沉井（箱）3. diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4. friction pile摩擦桩end-bearing pile端承桩5. (pile)shaft桩身6. wave equation analysis波动方程分析7. pile cap

16、s承台（桩帽）8. bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力 9. lateral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验10. ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力11. static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验12. vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力13. low pile cap低桩承台14. high-rise pile cap高桩承台15. vertical ultimate uplift resistan

17、ce of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力16. silent piling静力压桩17. uplift pile抗拔桩18. anti-slide pile抗滑桩19. pile groups群桩20. efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（）21. efficiency of pile groups群桩效应22. dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术23. final set最后贯入度24. dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验25. pile integrity test桩的完整性试验26. pi

18、le head=butt桩头27. pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）28. pile spacing桩距29. pile plan桩位布置图30. arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置31. group action群桩作用32. end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻33. skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻34. pile cushion桩垫35. pile driving(by vibration) 打桩（振动）36. pile pulling test

19、拔桩试验37. pile shoe桩靴38. pile noise打桩噪音39. pile rig打桩机八地基处理（ground treatment）1. technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2. cushion垫层法3. preloading预压法4. dynamic compaction强夯法5. dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6. vibroflotation method振冲法7. sand-gravel pile砂石桩pile-stone column砂石桩8. ce

20、ment-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩9. cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩10. cement column水泥桩11. lime pile (lime column)石灰桩12. jet grouting高压喷射注浆法13. rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法14. lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩15. chemical stabilization化学加固法16. surface

21、compaction 表层压实法17. surcharge preloading超载预压法 vacuum preloading真空预压法18. sand wick袋装砂井19. geofabric ,geotextile土工织物20. composite foundation复合地基21. reinforcement method加筋法22. dewatering method降低地下水固结法23. freezing and heating冷热处理法24. expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理25. ground treatment in mountain are

22、a山区地基处理26. collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理27. artificial foundation人工地基natural foundation天然地基28. pillow褥垫29. soft clay ground软土地基30. sand drain砂井31. root pile树根桩32. plastic drain塑料排水带33. stone column碎石桩gravel pile碎石桩34. replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率 九固结consolidation1. Terzzaghis consolidation theo

23、ry太沙基固结理论2. Barraons consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3. Biots consolidation theory比奥固结理论4. over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5. overconsolidation soil超固结土6. excess pore water pressure超孔压力7. multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8. one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9. primary consolidation主固结10. secondary con

24、solidation次固结11. degree of consolidation固结度12. consolidation test固结试验13. consolidation curve固结曲线14. time factor Tv时间因子15. coefficient of consolidation固结系数16. preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17. principle of effective stress有效应力原理18. consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十抗剪强度shear strength1. undrained

25、 shear strength不排水抗剪强度2. residual strength残余强度3. long-term strength长期强度4. peak strength峰值强度5. shear strain rate剪切应变强度6. dilatation剪胀7. effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8. total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9. Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔库仑理论10. angle of internal friction内摩

26、擦角11. cohesion粘聚力12. failure criterion破坏准则13. vane strength十字板抗剪强度14. unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15. effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16. effective stress strength parameter十一.本构模型constitutive method1. elastic model弹性模型2. nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3. elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4. viscoelas

27、tic model粘弹性模型5. boundary surface model边界面模型6. Duncan-Chang model邓肯张模型7. rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8. cap model盖帽模型9. work softening加工软化10. work hardening加工硬化11. Cambridge model剑桥模型12. ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13. Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔库仑屈服准则14. yield surface屈服面15. elastic half-space fo

28、undation model弹性半空间地基模型16. elastic modulus弹性模量17. Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil1. punching shear failure冲剪破坏2. general shear failure整体剪切破化3. local shear failure局部剪切破坏4. state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5. critical edge pressure临塑荷载6. stability of foundatio

29、n soil地基稳定性7. ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8. allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三.土压力earth pressure1. active earth pressure主动土压力2. passive earth pressure被动土压力3. earth pressure at rest静止土压力4. Coulombs earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5. Rankines earth pressure theo

30、ry朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis1. angle of repose休止角2. Bishop method毕肖普法3. safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4. Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5. Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6. slices method十五.挡土墙retaining wall1. stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2. foundation wall基础墙3. counter retaining wal

31、l扶壁式挡土墙4. cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5. cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6. gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7. anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8. anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物sheet pile structure1. steel sheet pile钢板桩2. reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3. steel piles钢桩4. wooden sheet

32、pile木板桩5. timber piles木桩十七.浅基础 shallow foundation1. box foundation箱型基础2. mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3. strip foundation条形基础4. spread footing扩展基础5. compensated foundation补偿性基础6. bearing stratum持力层7. rigid foundation刚性基础8. flexible foundation柔性基础9. embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度10. net foundation pre

33、ssure基底附加应力11. structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构基础地基共同作用分析十八.土的动力性质 dynamic properties of soils1. dynamic strength of soils动强度2. wave velocity method波速法3. material damping材料阻尼4. geometric damping几何阻尼5. damping ratio阻尼比6. initial liquefaction初始液化7. natural period of soil site地基固有强度8.

34、 dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切强度9. dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10. liquefaction strength抗液化强度11. dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12. evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价13. stress wave in soils土中应力波14. dynamic settlement振幅十九.动力机器基础1. equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法2. dynamic subgrade reac

35、tion method动基床反力法3. vibration isolation隔振4. foundation vibration基础振动5. elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论6. allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动频率振幅7. natural frequency of foundation基础自震频率二十.地基基础抗震 1. earthquake engineering地震工程2. soil dynamics土动力学3. duration of earthquake地震持续时间4. earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5. earthquake intensity地震烈度6. earthquake magnitude震级7. seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8. maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一.室内土工实验1. high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2. consolida