商务英语综合教程IV第三版Unit6

1、Unit 6 Transportation and ShipmentRelated Information1. Ship Structure Ships are the conveyances running at sea. There are largesize and smallsize ships. However, their structures are almost the same. They are mainly composed of shell, frame, deck, holds and tanks, and the superstructure.2. Ship Typ

2、es There are many types of ships that transport cargoes at sea. According to their use, the cargo ships can be divided into dry cargo ships and tankers.Dry Cargo Ship According to the loaded cargo, structure and components, dry cargo ships can be divided into such as follows: General cargo ship Gene

3、ral cargo ships refer to the ships that run termly in the busy cargotransporting shipping lines and mainly transport grocery. The speed of these ships is fast. Bulk cargo ship Bulk cargo ships refer to the ships that transport bulk cargoes without packaging. According to the types of transported car

4、goes, bulk cargo ships can be divided into grain ships, colliers and ore ships. Refrigerated ship Refrigerated ships refer to the special ships for transporting refrigerant cargoes that are perishable. There are refrigeration systems in the ships, and the temperature in the ship can be set to meet t

5、he requirements of cargoes in each floor. Container ship Container ships can be divided into partial container ships, complete or full container ships and variable or convertible container ships. Roll on/roll off ship Rolling loading ships are mainly for transporting cars and containers. Loading dev

6、ices are not necessary for these ships. Usually, uncorked slope is installed on the side or in either end of the ship to join the ship to the dock. While loading and unloading cargoes, cars or trail cars can directly drive into or out of the ship cabins.Tanker Oil Tanker is a cargo ship designed to

7、carry crude oil in bulk Liquefied natural gas carrier is a cargo ship designed specially to carry liquefied natural gas.3. Ship Tonnage Ship tonnage is the unit for calculating ship size, which can be divided into two classes: weight tonnage and dimension tonnage.Weight Tonnage Ship weight tonnage i

8、s the unit for calculating ship weight. 1,000 kilograms is used as 1 metric ton, 2,240 pounds as 1 long ton, or 2,000 pounds as 1 short ton. Presently, the metric system is usually applied as the calculating unit. Ship weight tonnage can also be divided into two classes: displacement tonnage and dea

9、d weight tonnage. Displacement tonnage Displacement tonnage is the number of tons of water weight that a ship in the water displaces, which are also the tons of the ship weight. Dead weight tonnage-D.W.T. D.W.T. sometimes termed deadweight carrying capacity, refers to the carrying capacity of a ship

10、 in transportation. It comprises the cargo, stores, ballast, fresh water, fuel oil, passengers, crew and their effects. It can be divided into two classes: gross D.W.T. and net D.W.T. Gross Dead Weight Tonnage: It refers to the maximum loaded weight that is restricted with the loaded line. It is the

11、 total of the weight of loaded cargoes, necessary fuel, freshwater and other spare material. Net Dead Weight Tonnage or Dead Weight Cargo TonnageD.W.C.T.: It refers to the maximum weight of loaded cargoes that a ship is capable of transporting. It is also called loadedcargo tonnage. It is the margin

12、 of the amount of necessary storage of fuel, freshwater and other spare material subtracted from the total of shipload.Registered Tonnage Registered tonnage is the unit used in ship registration in marine countries, which takes ton as the computing unit. One registered ton is equal to 100 cubic feet

13、 or 2.83 cubic meters. Ships dimension tonnage can also be divided into gross and net registered tonnage. Gross registered tonnage (GRT) Also called gross dimension tonnage, it refers to the total inner space or volume of all closed sites in the spaces on board. Net registered tonnage (NRT) Also cal

14、led net dimension tonnage, it refers to the difference between the gross tonnage minus the amount of space that is not used for shipping cargoes. It is the equivalent cargo tonnage that the ship can be loaded.Lead-in1. ListeningPassage 11.A 2.C 3.BTape Script: In shipping goods abroad, the exporter

15、has various alternative methods. These include ship, truck, rail, air and parcel post. The choice will depend on the nature of the product (light or heavy, fragile or sturdy, perishable or durable, high or low in value per cubic meter, etc), the distance to be shipped, available means of transportat

16、ion, and relative freight costs. For goods having high weight or cubic capacity or value ratio, the usual method of shipping overseas is by ocean cargo vessel. However, when speed is essential, air cargo may be preferred, although more expensive. For example, ski jackets are shipped from Germany to

17、Japan by sea but towards the end of the ski season, air cargo is used. Passage 21. C 2. ATape Script: There are many factors that buyers shall take into consideration, they are: Quick. Because foreign buyers, in making a decision to purchase, will be taking into account the exporters delivery time.

18、Fast delivery is obviously an important “competitive edge” for an exporter. Of course, the actual delivery date will depend on stock, production as well as shipping time. Carefully. Because the foreign buyer all wants to receive the goods intact. In this way, the exporter gains customer satisfaction

19、 and avoids trouble and expenses of filling insurance claims and reshapping all or part of the order. Economically. Because the freight cost can be a substantial part of the final export price. The lower the freight cost, the more competitive the export price quotation.2. Spot Dictation Part 11. F 2

20、. T 3. TTape Script: It is normally best to use ships to transport heavy or bulky goods and liquids. Here, reasonable speed and safety is combined with a relatively economical cost. In shipping your goods by sea, you can choose from different types of ocean shipping: Conference Lines, Non conference

21、 Lines, Trump Shipping Lines, or the National Flag Lines.Part 21. transport heavy or bulky goods and liquids2. reasonable speed and safety3. Conference Lines4. Trump Shipping Lines, or the National Flag LinesText ALanguage Study1. supply vt. to provide,to offer 提供,供应 We believe that youll supply us

22、with 50 cases of Qingdao Beer at attractive price. We can supply these goods from stock. n. goods supplied, providing 供应，供应品When new supplies come in, please inform us.The goods are in short supply.supplier n. 供应商2. acknowledge vt. to admit 承认 We acknowledge receipt of your letter of March 20.We ack

23、nowledge your letter of April 5.3. indicate vt. to show 显示, 指示,象征Information indicates that other competitors are selling similar goods at a price 10% lower than yours. Please cable us soon indicating all the terms. indication n. 迹象，表明4. contractual a. 契约的,合同规定的 The contractual terms shall be abided

24、 by accordingly.The contractual trade volume in the first quarter between US and China is much higher than that of the same time last year.5. transfer vi. & vt. to shift 转移The goods will be transferred to the destination.We may transfer the letter to our branch for their attention. vi. to change in

25、transit 中转You may transfer at the airport. n. shifting, virement 转移,转账transferable a. 可转让的transferable L/C 可转让信用证6. forward vt. to send, to transfer 发送,转寄We will forward the goods to the port of destination.Can you forward this letter to the person in charge?forwarding agent运输公司 ad. ahead 向前地We are

26、looking forward to establishing direct business relations with you.7. carry vt.&vi. to ship, to transfer 运送,搬运We will carry the goods to the designated port.The goods are carried in cartons to stand long voyage.carrier n. 承运人;运输工具carriage n. 运输,运输工具,运费on-carriage n. 运输过程8. exceed vt. to be more than

27、. 超过, 比多The supply exceeds demand, resulting in the declining price.We are prepared to allow you a special discount of 3%, if your order exceeds USD5,000.excessive a. 超过的,过分的,极度的excessive price 过高的价格 excessive insurance 额外保险excessive demand 需求过剩9. notify vt. to inform 通知When all the documents are re

28、ady, we will notify you.We will notify you of the time of delivery as soon as we make preparation.Notifying Bank 通知行notification n. 通知10. tranship vt. to change ship 转船,转运We can tranship the goods via Hongkong so that they may reach you in early time.If goods are transhipped at Hongkong, there is a

29、possibility of pilferage. transhipment n.转运,转船L/C shall allow transhipment and partial shipments.11. Bill of lading is a document supplied to the exporter by the shipping company that is transporting the goods to their foreign destination, listing, item by item, the goods being shipped.supplied to t

30、he exporter by the shipping company和listing, item by item, the goods being shipped是并列定语,修饰document, that is transporting the goods to their foreign destination修饰shipping company. 这句话的意思是航运提单是由承运货物到国外目的港的航运公司提供给出口商的单证，将装运货物逐一列出。Translation of the Text航运提单 航运提单是由承运货物到国外目的港的航运公司提供出口商的单证，将装运货物逐一列出。提货单的基

31、本目的有以下三种： 1. 以示承运人收到了出口商的货物。 2. 以示承运人须将货物运往目的地以获取运费的契约义务。 3. 以文字记载当货款支付后货物产权（或所有权）由卖方转移给买方。 航运提单的种类 根据抬头的不同, 提单有两大基本类型，即记名提单和指示提单。 1. 记名提单为不可转让的单证，有明确的指定收货人。据此提单轮船公司确认收到货物并同意将货物运往目的地。 2. 指示提单是凭国外进口商或其银行为指示，或凭出口公司、其银行或另一指定方为指示的单证。 持有出口商背书的提单者拥有装载货物的所有权。通常是空白背书，将货物所有权转让给提单持有人，由此使得提单具有高度的可转让性。 只有当国外进口商

32、支付货款或承兑信用支付方式后，才能交呈指示提单。多数国家的海关条例都会对提单（包括可转让提单和不可转让提单）份数做出具体规定，提交海关查验使用。 针对每批航运货物，通常都需要开出两到三份可转让或签名提单，外加根据需要提交的若干份提单副本。后者必须清楚标明为副本。当外国海关要求提交一式两份或一式三份提单时，通常每套单证中都要包括一份可转让提单，外加需要提供的若干份提单副本。 外国进口商会要求一份可转让提单及相关单证以保证货物顺利通关。因此，出口商或其银行应该将提单随装货轮船一起运往目的地或提前用航空邮件寄出。如果通关时不能提供必要的单证或单证延期抵达，将会受到严重处罚或需缴纳巨额存储费用。 提单

33、有可能在运输过程中丢失，因此通常都将两套完整的单证，每套都包括一份可转让提单，连续邮寄给外国进口商或其银行或代收货款的代理。第三份可转让提单通常由出口商或其银行保管以备不时之需。指示提单通常都有说明，要轮船公司在货物抵达卸载港口后第一时间通知收货人（外国进口商）。提单还可以分为直达提单和联运提单： 3. 直达提单涉及由一家航运公司在一港口装载，在另一港口卸载的货物换言之，它涉及由同一承运方将货物从一个港口直接运抵另一个港口的运输方式。 4. 联运提单则涉及由多家航运公司将货物从一港口运往另一港口的运输形式。货物由第一承运人在装船港接手承运到转运港口，继而又从该港口转运至另一个航运公司的船上，继

34、续运输至最终目的港。NotesClassification of B/L1. According to order of consignee, there are Straight B/L, Order B/L and Bearer B/L (Open B/L，or Blank B/L);2. According to the condition of boarding, there are Shipped B/L(or On Board B/L) and Received for Shipment B/L;3. According to the remark about the outsid

35、e appearance of the goods on B/L, there are Clean B/L and Unclean B/L (Foul B/L);4. According to the ways of shipment, there is Direct B/L, Transshipment B/L and Through B/L;5. According to the contents on the back side of B/L, there is Long Form BL and Short Form BL(or Simple BL);6. According to th

36、e date of issue, there is Antedated B/L, Advanced B/L and Stale B/L;7. According to the ways of collecting freight, there is Freight Prepaid B/L and Freight to Collect B/L.提单种类说明1. 按提单抬头（收货人）分为记名提单、不记名提单和指示提单；2. 按货物是否装船分为已装船提单和备运提单; 3. 按提单上货物状况描述分为清洁提单和不清洁提单；4. 按运输方式分为直达提单、转船提单和联运提单；5. 按提单背面内容分为全式提单

37、和简式提单；6. 根据开出日期分为倒签提单、预借提单和到期提单；7. 根据运费支付方式分为运费预付提单和运费到付提单。 Keys1. Reading 1. Bill of lading is a document supplied to the exporter by the shipping company that is transporting the goods to their foreign destination, listing, item by item, the goods being shipped.2. There are two basic types of bill

38、 of lading, the straight bill of lading and the order bill of lading.3. It serves three basic purposes: To acknowledge receipt by the carrier of the exporters goods; To indicate the carriers contractual obligation to transport the goods to their destination in exchange for payment; To record transfe

39、r of title (or ownership) from the seller to the buyer when payment for the goods takes place.4. A straight bill of lading is a non-negotiable document, made out to a specifically named consignee, while an order bill of lading is a document that is made out to the order of the foreign importer or it

40、s bank, or the order of the export firm, its bank, or another designated party.5. It is customary to send two complete sets of documents, each with a negotiable bill of lading, in successive mail to the foreign importer or to the bank or agent which is to hold this document for collection.2. Compreh

41、ension Part 11.A 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C3. VocabularyPart 1 1. made out to order, in blank 2. contractual, in duplicate 3. in case4.acknowledge receipt 5. hand over 6. in advance7. non-negotiable 8. in transit Part 21. carrying 2. supplier,supply 3. indicates 4. transhipment 5. notify6. designated 7. forwar

42、d 8. excessive 9. transferred 10. Consignment 4. TranslationPart 11.记名提单 2.联运提单 3.运输过程 4.合同责任5.信用安排 6.处罚, 罚款 7.存储费 8.卸货港Part 21. 通常都需要开出两到三份可转让或签名提单，外加根据需要提交的若干份提单副本。2. 如果通关时不能提供必要的单证或单证延期抵达，将会受到严重处罚或需缴纳巨额存储费用。3. 因此通常都将两套完整的单证，每套都包括一份可转让提单，连续邮寄给外国进口商或其银行或代收货款的代理。5. ClozePart 11. B 2. D 3. B 4. A 5.

43、B 6. D 7. A 8. C 9.B 10. DPart 2 1.original 2. shipper 3.consignee 4.notify5.transportation 6.pre-carriage 7.port of discharge 8.on-carrier9.charges incurred 10.indicated 11.surrendered 12.endorsed13.in exchange for Text BLanguage Study1. specialized a. doing something specially 专业的，专门的The company i

44、s a specialized import & export corporation of Garments.Could you find a specialized shipping agent?specialize in v. 擅长于，专攻2. reconstruct vt. to organize again or regroup 重组 We have reconstructed the company to adapt to the market economy. You may enlarge your business by reconstructing your company

45、 into an international group. reconstructed a. 重建的，改造的reconstruction n. 重建，改造3. diversified a. varied, showing many changes 不同的，各种的The products have diversified colours.You can have diversified choice. extending business activities 多样化的 They have developed into diversified business fields.Translatio

46、n of the Text货运/航运代理 许多出口商都会自己安排航运。其他的出口商则付费授权给货运或航运代理的专门公司代办货运。此类公司能提供各类服务. 请看下面两则关于中国最著名的货运/航运代理公司的介绍. 中远集团白手起家于1961年4月27日，开始国际海洋运输业务, 为顾客提供跨国海洋 运输服务。1993年2月16日，公司进行了重组，成为运输集团，以便更好的利用国内运输资源。同时，作为有前景的业务扩张的一部分，将物流纳入到公司业务中。现在，中远集团或简称COSCO已成为多元化服务巨头，核心业务为运输和现代物流。它是中国最大的运输公司，也是世界上10大集装箱运输公司之一，服务质量优秀。经过40余年的发展，集团拥有和经营着600余艘现代化商船，总运载量达到3500余万载重吨。标有COSCO醒目标志的船舶和集装箱在世界160多个国家和地区的1300多个港口往来穿梭，每年运载1.8亿吨货物。 重庆美联国际仓储运输代理有限公司是由中国商务部授权的一流国际运输代理。同时也是重庆国际货运代理协会的成员之一。公司在上海、成都、深圳、青岛和天津成功建立了分公司。 公司主要经营海洋和航空国际进出口货物代理。主要业务包括承接业务、预定舱位、仓储、转运货物、集装箱拼箱、国际多式联运、结算运费及其他费用、报关检验、代客保险、国际快递（私人