新编简明英语语言学试卷精粹(10套卷)

1、第一部分选择题1. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%10=20%) x1、 As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay

2、 down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior,it is said to be _.A 、prescriptiveB 、sociolinguisticC 、descriptiveD 、psycholinguistic2、 Of all the speech organs, the _ is/are the most flexible.A 、mouthB 、lipsC、tongueD 、vocal cords3、 The morpheme "vision" in the common word "te

3、levision" is a(n) _.A 、bound morphemeB 、bound formC 、inflectional morphemeD 、free morpheme4、 A _ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A 、coordinatorB 、particleC、prepositionD 、subordinator 主从连词5、 "Can I borrow your bike?" _ "Yo

4、u have a bike."A 、is synonymouswithB、is inconsistent withC 、entailsD 、presupposes6、 The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called _.A 、semanticsB 、pragmaticsC、sociolinguisticsD 、psycholinguistics7、 Grammatical changes may be explain

5、ed, in part, as analogic changes, which are _ or generalization 泛化 .A 、elaborationB 、simplification 精简C 、external borrowingD 、internal borrowing8、 _ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A 、Lingua franca 通用语B 、Creo

6、leC、 PidginD、 Standard language 标准语言9、 Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, _ .A 、Broca's area, Wernicke's area a

7、nd the angular gyrus 角回B 、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortexC、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neuronsD 、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area10、 According to Krashen, _ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first l

8、anguage by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.A、learningB 、competenceC 、performanceD 、acquisition第二部分非选择题11. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word

9、only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%10=10%)11、 Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k of the rules of his language.12、 The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b13、 M is a branch of grammar which studies the i

10、nternal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.14、 A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a completestatement, question or command.15、 Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under allcircumstances are called c synonyms.16、 The il

11、locutionary point of r is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said.17、 Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c .18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+is Black

12、 EnglishheOs), d the form of "be".19、 The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c period for first language acquisition.20、 As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i is a product of L2 training, mot

13、her tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you thi

14、nk a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%10=20%) x()21 、 In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.()22、 Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meanin

15、g in both Chinese and English.()23、 The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meaningsof its components.()24、 Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only.()25、 Dialectal synony

16、ms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself, for example, within British English or American English.()26、 Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows that

17、 it is being violated do conversational implicatures arise.()27、 The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spoken today also includes languages that are not Indo-European.()28、 In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speech situations known as domains.()29、

18、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, speakers' perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life.()30、 All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustrati

19、on. (3%10=30%)31、 duality32、 diachronic linguistics33、 broad transcription34、 morphological rules35、 phrase structure rule36、 relational opposites37、 componential analysis38、 context39、 euphemism40、 brain lateralizationV. Answer the following questions. (10%2=20%) x41、Explain how the inventory of so

20、unds can change, giving some examples in English for illustration.42、 Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of a second language.英语语言学试题(2)一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填 在题干的括号内。每小题 2分，共20分)1 .The pair of words "lend " and "borrow ") are.(A

21、.gradable oppositesB.relational oppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms2 .The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar .()A.Jacob Grimm B.Rasmus RaskC.Franz Bopp D.Sir William Jones3 .A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as _.()A.unusualB.

22、something to be fearedC.abnormalD.natural4 ._produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.( )A.Broca's aphasic B.The linguistic deprivationC.The damage on the an

23、gular gyrus D.Wernicke's aphasic5 .Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night as “light ” .This shows: .()A.They cannot pronounce/n/B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongueC.The teachers do not have a good teaching methodD.They do not

24、like to pronounce nasal sounds6.A word with several meanings is called _word.()A.a polysemous B.a synonymous C.an abnormal D.a multiple7.The function of the sentenceA nice day, isn't it? )is _.(A.informative B.phatic C.directive D.performative8 .The most recognizable differences between American

25、 English and British English are in _ and vocabulary.( )A.usageB.grammar C.pronunciation D.structure9 ._deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.( )A.Linguistic geographyB.LexicologyC.LexicographyD.Sociolinguistics10 .The semantic components of the word“ gentleman ” c

26、an be express)ed as _.(A.+animate,+male,+human,-adultB.+animate,+male,+human,+adultC.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adult二、填空题(每空 1 分，共 10 分 )11 .A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of wtoform a complete statement,qor command.1.1 In soc

27、iolinguistic studies,speakers are treated as members of s_g.13 .Utterance is based on ;it is the realization of the abstract meaning of asentence in a real situation of communication,or simply in a context.14 .To many people,a linguist is the same as a ,one who can speak several languagesfluently.15

28、 .Consonant sounds can be either v or v_,while all vowel sounds are v.三、判断说明题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错的写“F”，并说明理由。每小题 2 分，共 20 分 )16 .All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.( )17 .Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.(18 .Linguistics is the course of l

29、anguage.(19 .The part of a sentence which compriese comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called predicate.( )20 .Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.( )21 .The term dialect,as a technical term in linguistics,carries value judgement and not simply re

30、fers to a distinct form of language.( )22 .Morphology is translated as 形态学。()23 .The word “ photographically ” is made up of 4 morphem)es.(24 .The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.( )25 .Semantics is the main part of linguistics.( )四、名词解释(每小题3 分，共 30 分 )26 .general linguistics27 .su

31、prasegmental features28 .root and stem29 .hierarchical structure30 .naming theory and conceptualist view31 .maxims of quality and manner32 .blending33.sociolect33 .subvocal speech35 .contrastive analysis五、论述题(每小题10 分，共 20 分 )36 .Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to sho

32、w the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences.(1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible.(2)He saw young men and women present.(3)They were surprised at the president's appointment.37 .Decide the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examples. reun- anti-

33、super-wise -itis -ize -age英语语言学试题（3）第一部分选择题I .Directions:Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets。便=20%）1 .The fact that different languages have different words for the same objec

34、t is good proof that human language is.A. arbitraryB.non-arbitraryC. logicalD.non-productive2 .All the back vowels in English are pronounced with rounded-lips,i.e. rounded, EXCEPT.A. a；B. u：匚6“73 .The level of syntactic representation that exists before movement takes place is commonly termed the.A.

35、phrase structureB.surface structureC.syntactic structure D.deep structure4 .The theory of accounts for the fact that noun phrases appear only in subject and objectpositions.A.Case ConditionB.Adjacent ConditionC.parameterD.Adjacent parameters5 .The phenomenon that words having different meanings have

36、 the same form is called.A.polysemyB.hyponymyC.antonymyD.homonymy6 .The utterance "We're already working 25 hours a day,eight days a week."obviously violates the maxim of .A.qualityB.quantity C.relationD.manner1.1 n first language acquisition children usually grammatical rules from the

37、 linguisticinformation they hear.A.useB.acceptC.generalizeD.reconstruct1.5 tandardization known as is necessary in order to facilitate communications.A.language interpretationB.language identificationC.language choiceD.language planning9 .Which of the following choices is not the key biological basi

38、s for human language acquisition?A.Cerebral cortexB.NeuronsC.EyesD.Angular gyrus10 .Basically all the following categories except are always missing in the children'stelegraphic speech stage.A.the copula verb "be"B.inflectional morphemesC.function wordsD.content words第二部分非选择题n .Directi

39、ons:Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word,the firstletter of which is already given as a clue.Note that you are to fill in ONE word only,and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1% 10=10%) x11 .Language exists in time and changes through time. The description

40、 of a language at some point of time is called a _sstudy of language.12 .An essential difference between consonants and vowels is whether the air coming up from the lungs meets with any _owhen a sound is produced.13 .The morphemes that cannot be used by themselves, but must be combined with other mo

41、rphemes to form words are called _bmorphemes.14 .XP may contain more than just X.For example,the NP "the boy who likes his puppy" consistsof Det,N and S,with Det being the _s,N the head and S the complement.15 .According to Searle's classification of illocutionary acts,"to suggest

42、 that someone should see the doctor" should fall into the category of _d.16 .Hyponymy is the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items.The word that is more general in meaning is called _s.17 .Vowels can be nasalized.The vowel nasalization rule is an _arule,which,for

43、 the mostpart, is caused by articulatory or physiological process in which successive sounds are made identical, or more similar, to one another.18 .One mark of an informal style is the frequent occurrence of _swords and expressions,which make sense only to the people of particular social groups and

44、 serve as a mark of membership and solidarity within a given social group.19 .The brain is divided into two roughly symmetrical halves, called _h, one on the rightand one on the left.20 .Linguists often use the term native language or mother tongue instead of first language, and _tlanguage instead o

45、f second language in second language acquisition literature.出.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T fortrue or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the corr

46、ect version.(2% 10=20%) x21 .( )Human capacity for language has a genetic basis,i.e. we are all born with the ability to acquire language and the details of a language system are genetically transmitted.22 .( )A general difference between phonetics and phonology is that phonetics is focused on the p

47、roduction of speech sounds while phonology is more concerned with how speech sounds distinguish meaning.23 .( )Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds.24 .( )Sentences are not formed by randomly combining lexical items, but by following a set of syntactic rules that

48、arrange linguistic elements in a particular order.25 .( )The same semantic feature occurs in one part of speech only. For example, "female occurs only in nouns such as "mother", "woman" "girl" "tigress" and so on but not in other parts of speech.26 .( )Ac

49、cording to Searle's classification of illocutionary acts, inviting, ordering, advising, promising and apologizing all fall into the category of directives.27 .( )New words may be formed from existing words by subtracting an affix thought to be part of the old word; that is, ignorance sometimes c

50、an be creative. Thus "peddle" was derived from "peddler" on the mistaken assumption that the "-er" was the agentive suffix.28 .( )Women in Western countries at least appear to be more status-conscious and sensitive to the social significance of certain linguistic variab

51、les.29 .( )The case of Genie confirms that the language faculty of an average human degenerates after the critical period and consequently, most linguistic skills cannot develop.30 .( )Conscious knowledge of linguistic rules does ensure acquisition of the rules and therefore an immediate guidance fo

52、r actual performance.N .Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3% x 10=30%)31 .narrow transcription32.stem33 .derivational affixes34 .grammatical relation35 .predication36 .semantic narrowing37 .nonstandard languages38 .linguistic taboo39.angular gyrus4

53、0.interlanguageV .Answer the following questions.。2 =20%)41.Explain with examples the three notions of phone, phoneme and allophone, and also how they are related.英语语言学试题(5)一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2 分，共 20 分 )1 .The description of a language as it changes through time is a

54、 () study.A. comparativeB. diachronicC. up-to-dateD. descriptive2. Of the three branches of phonetics, the longest established, and until recently the most highly developed, is () phonetics.A. auditoryB. acousticC. articulatoryD. none of the above three3. What the element -es indicates is third pers

55、on singular, present tense, the element -ed past tense, and -ing progressive aspectS. ince they are the smallest unit of language and meaningful, they are also ().A. phonemesB. morphemesC. allophonesD. phones4. Since early 1980s Noam Chomsky and other generatvie linguists proposed and developed a th

56、eory of universal grammar known as the () theory.A. speech actB. TGC. principles-and-parametersD. minimalist programme5. One way to analyze lexical meaning is ().A. predication analysisB. stylistic analysisC. componential analysisD. proposition analysis6. Of the three speech acts, linguists are most

57、 interested in the () because this kind ofspeech act is identical with the speaker s intention.A. locutionary actB. illocutionary actC. perlocutionary actD. constative act7. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar().A. Sir William JonesB. John FirthC

58、. M. A. K. HallidayD. F. D. Saussure8. A bilingual speaker often uses two languages alternatively during a conversation with anotherbilingual speaker, a speech situation known as ().A. discourse role-switchingB. activity role-switchingC. social role-switchingD. code-switching9. A focal point of SLA research has been the nature and development of L2 learners ).A. second languageB. first languageC. foreign languageD. interlanguage10. It is