全国职称英语等级考试题(理工类)爱问知识人

1、 WORD 全国职称英语等级考试试题（理工类）第一部分阅读理解(75分) Passage1 CATVisashortwayofsaying"communityantenna(天线)television."But"cabletelevision"isthetermmostpeopleuse.CabletelevisionallowsviewerstoreceiveTVprogramsthattheycannotpickupwiththeirregularantennas. Televisionsignalsdonotfollowthecurve(曲线)of

2、theearth.Theytravelinstraightlinesinalldirections.SignalsfromaTVstationmovetowardthehorizon(水平线)andthengointospace.Ifyouliveonlyafewmilesfromastation,youmaynotgetanypictureatall. CATVbeganin1948.PeopleinplacesfarfromTVstationssharedthecostofputtinguphighantennas.Acommunityantennawasusuallyplacedonah

3、ill,amountain,oronahightower.TheantennapickedupTVsignalsandfedthemintoasmalllocalstation.Fromthestation,thickwirescalledcablesranouttonearbyhomes.Eachpersonusingthecablepaidamonthlycharge. CATVworkedwell,andsoonnewuseswerefoundforit.Localstationscouldfeedprogramsintoemptychannelsthatwerenotinuse.Peo

4、plealongthecablecouldhavelocalnews,weatherreports,andfarmandschoolnewsatnoextracharge. Today,cabletelevisionhasmovedintocities.Itbringsinextraprogramsthatcityviewerswithregularantennascannotsee.Itisalsousedinmanyclassroomsthroughoutthecountry. 1.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthat_. A.mostpeopleusecable

5、television B."communityantenna"isanothernamefor"regularantenna" C.acommunityantennaisusedforcabletelevision D.regularantennascannotpickupTVsignalsprograms 2.Ofthefollowing,whichisNOTthewayTVsignalstravel? A.Inacurve. B.Inastraightline. C.Inalldirection. D.Towardthehorizon. 3.Cabl

6、eTVisbecomingmoreandpopularbecause_. A.itisfreeofcharge B.itcanprovidemoreprograms C.itprovidesallTVusersgoodpictures D.TVsetswithregularantennascanalsohaveagoodreceptionthroughCATV 4.Onthewhole,thispassageisabout_. A.howtoputuphighantennas B.awayofpickingupbetterTVprograms C.howtousetheemptychannel

7、sonyourTVset D.thewaythatTVsignalsaresent 5.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat_. A.TVhasbeguntobeusedforeducationalpurposes B.thereisnochargeforCATV C.cableTVcannotbeusedinmountainousareas D.antennasforcableTVareusuallyputupinthecenterofacommunity Passage2 Inearliesttimes,menconsideredlightningtobeoneofth

8、egreatmysteriesofnature.Someancientpeoplebelievedthatlightningandthunderweretheweaponsofthegods. Inreality,lightningisaflowofelectricityformedhighabovetheearth.Asingleflashoflightning1.6kilometerslonghasenoughelectricitytolightonemillionlightbulbs. TheAmericanscientistandstatesman,BenjaminFranklin,w

9、asthefirsttoshowtheconnectionbetweenelectricityandlightningin1752.Inthesameyearhealsobuiltthefirstlightningrod.Thisdeviceprotectsbuildingsfromdamagebylightning. Modernsciencehasdiscoveredthatonestrokeoflightingcontainsmorethan15millionvolts.Asparkbetweenacloudandtheearthmaybeaslongas13kilometers,and

10、travelataspeedof30millionmeterspersecond. Scientistsestimatethatthereareabout2000millionflashesoflightningperyear.LightninghitstheEmpireStateBuildinginNewYorkCity30to48timesayear.IntheUnitedStatesalongitkillsanaverageofonepersoneveryday. Thesafestplacetobeincaseofanelectricalstormisinaclosedcar.Outs

11、ide,oneshouldgotolowgroundandnotgetundertrees.Also,oneshouldstayoutofwaterandawayfrommetalfences.Insideahouse,peopleshouldavoidopendoorwaysandwindowsandnottouchwiresormetalthings. Withlightning,itisbettertobesafethansorry! 6.Lightningisreally_. A.weapon B.electricity C.light D.mystery 7.Peopleonceth

12、oughthatlightningcamefrom_. A.scientists B.ground C.lightningrod D.gods 8.Oneflashoflightningcanproduceenoughelectricityfor_bulbs. A.10,000 B.1,000 C.1,000,000 D.100 9.BenjaminFranklin_. A.madethefirstlightningrod B.inventedelectricity C.builttheEmpireStateBuilding D.preventedLightningfromhittingcar

13、s 10._isthebestplacetobeduringanelectricalstorm. A.Swimmingpool B.ahighground C.Underatree D.Acar Passage3 Becauseoftheenergycrisis,scientistsintheoil-consumingnationshavebecomeincreasinglyinterestedinthepotential(潜在的)ofsolarenergy.Someexpertsestimatethatthepresentsupplyoffossil(化石)fuelwillnotlastun

14、tiltheendofthetwentiethcentury.Theproblemthatsolarenergyresearchersfaceishowtoharness(利用)thesun'senergyeffectivelyandinexpensively.Oneofthemostpopularmethodscurrentlybeingtestedusesrooftopsolarcollectorsandundergroundstoragetanks.Anadvantageofaproperlyworkingsystemofthistypeisthatitwillnotcreate

15、anyenvironmentalpollution.Anotheradvantageofusingsolarenergyisthatthecostofthefuel-thesun'srays-iszero.Whenasolarheatingsystemisworkingatmaximum(最大的)efficiency,itcanprovideupto80percentofwinterheatingneeds. 11.Themaintopicofthispassageis_. A.theshortageoffossilfuel B.theproblemsthatenergyresearc

16、hersface C.anenvironmentalpollutionproblem D.aninexpensiveenergysource 12.Onepopularsolarheatingsystemmakesuseof_. A.roofcollectorsandundergroundstorage B.fossilfuelconversion C.undergroundoiltanks D.watercollectionandevaporation 13.Thecostofusingthesun'sraysforheatingis_. A.aboutthesameasthecos

17、toffossilfuels B.severalhundreddollarsperyear C.negligiblecomparedwithotherenergysources D.determinedbytheseverityofthewinter 14.Whichofthefollowingdescribesanadvantageofusingsolarenergy? A.Thereislittleornoenvironmentalpollution. B.Alargepercentageoffuelcostscanbesaved. C.Fossilfuelswillbecomemorep

18、lentiful. D.Theoil-consumingnationswillnothavetoimportoil. 15.Accordingtosomeexperts,thesupplyoffossilfuelwillnotlast_. A.onemorecentury B.anindeterminabletime C.untiltheendofthiscentury D.indefinitely 第二部分完成句子(25分) 根据短文容完成句子，每个空格只能填一个单词。有的单词第一个字母已经给出，请将其余字母补全。 Notlongago,anairplanewasflyingoverNewZ

19、ealand.Therewasatelevisioncameracrewonboard.Suddenly,outinthenightsky,abrightsphere(球体)cameintoview.Everyoneonboardsawitandeveryonethough,"UFO"-UnidentifiedFlyingObject.Thecameracrewwentintoactionandstartedfilming.Thatweekpeopleallovertheworldsawthefilmofthismysteriouslightontheirtelevisio

20、nscreens.Whatwasit?Wasitaspaceshipfullofvisitorsfromanotherplanet?Thecaptainoftheaeroplaneandthefilmcrewbelieveditwas.Otherobservershadmanydifferentexplanations.SomesaiditwasVenus(金星).Otherssaiditwasjustatrickoflight. Anairtrafficcontrolleralsosawitonhisradarscreen.Hethoughtthataflockofbirdswascausi

21、ngdotsonhisradarscreenwhenthe"UFO"appeared. MostastronomersnowbelievethatwhatthesepeoplesawwasalmostcertainlytheplanetVenus.Atthattimeofyearitisverybrightandeasytosee.Andfromamovingaeroplaneitcanappeartobemovingfast.SofarthereisnoproofthatUFOsorspaceshipsfromotherplanetsdoexist.Theseyearsi

22、nvestigatorsofUFOshaveinvestigatedthousandsofsighting-oroccasionswhenpeoplesaidtheysawaUFO.Ninetypercentoftheseturnedouttohaveasimpleexplanation. However,it'sgoodideatokeepanopenmind.ScientistsinsomecountriesaretryingtopersuadetheirgovernmentstohelpthemstudyUFOs.Andtheyareplanningtocooperateinte

23、r-nationallyonreportingandinvestigatingsightingsofUFOs. Afterall,itisquitepossiblethatthereislifeoutthereintheuniverse.Andifsomethingisalive,itisquitepossiblethatitwillcometovisitus. 16.ThecaptainandthecameracrewbelievedthatUFOwasavspaceshipfromanotherplanet. 17.ManyobelievedthattheUFOwasVenus. 18.S

24、ofarthereisnoproofthatUFOsarespfromouterspace. 19.SomescientistsintheworldareplanningtodosomeronUFOs. 20.Plifeintheuniversemaytrytomakeavisittous. 第三部分阅读理解(80分) Passage1 Inrecentyears,scientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentshavedrasticallychangedhumanlifeonourplanet,aswellasourviewsbothofourselvesasin

25、dividualsinsocietyandoftheuniverseasawhole.MaybeoneofthemostprofounddevelopmentsofthelastdecadeisthediscoveryofrecombinantDNAtechnology,whichallowsscientiststointroducegenetic(遗传学的)material(orgenes)fromoneorganismintoanother.Initssimplestform,thetechnologyrequirestheisolationofapieceofDNA,eitherdire

26、ctlyfromtheDNAoftheorganismunderstudy,orartificiallysynthesizedfromanDNA.ThispieceofDNAisthenligated(结扎)toafragmentofbacterialDNAwhichhasthecapacitytoreplicate(复制)itselfindependently.Therecombinantmoleculethusproducedcanbeintroducedintothecommonintestinal(部的)bacteriumEscherishchiacoli,whichcanbegrow

27、ninverylargeamountsinsyntheticmedia.Underproperconditions,theforeigngenewillnotonlyreplicateinthebacteria,butalsoexpressitself,throughtheprocessoftranscriptionandtranslation,togiverisetolargeamountsofthespecificproteincodedbytheforeigngene. Thetechnologyhasalreadybeensuccessfullyappliedtotheproducti

28、onofseveraltherapeutically(疗法的)importantbiomolecules,suchas,growthhormones,interferon,insulin. Manyotherimportantapplicationsareunderdetailedinvestigationinlaboratoriesthroughouttheworld. 21.RecombinantDNAtechnologyconsistsprimarilyof_. A.producingseveraltherapeuticallyimportantbiomolecules B.giving

29、risetolargeamountsofprotein C.introducinggeneticmaterialfromoneorganismintoanother D.usingaviralenzymecalledreversetranscriptase 22.RecombinantDNAtechnologyhasbeenusedintheproductionofallofthefollowingbiomoleculesexcept_. A.growthhormones B.Escherishchiacoli C.interferon D.insulin 23.Whichofthefollo

30、wingisnottrue? A.Theforeigngenewillreplicateinthebacteria,butitwillnotexpressitselfthroughtranscriptionandtranslation. B.ThebacteriumEscherishchiacolicanbegrowninlargeamountsinsyntheticmedia. C.Researchcontinuesinanefforttofindotherusesforthistechnology. D.RecombinantDNAtechnologyisarecentdevelopmen

31、t. 24.ExpressionofageneinEscherishchiacolirequires_. A.theviralenzymereversetranscriptase B.theprocessesoftranscriptionandtranslation C.productionofinsulinandotherbiomolecules D.thatthebacteriabegrowninasyntheticmedia 25.Thetermrecombinantisusedbecause_. A.byligation,arecombinantmoleculeisproduced,w

32、hichhasthecapacityofreplication B.thetechniquerequiresthecombinationofseveraltypesoftechnology C.byligation,arecombinantproteinisproduced,partofwhoseaminoacidscomefromdifferentorganism D.Escherishchiacoliisarecombinantorganism Passage2 Watchababybetweensixandninemonthsold,andyouwillobservethebasicco

33、nceptsofgeometrybeinglearned.Oncethebabyhasmasteredtheideathatspaceisthree-dimensional,itreachesoutandbeginsgraspingvariouskindsofobjects.Itisthen,fromperhapsninetofifteenmonths,thattheconceptsofsetsandnumbersareformed.Sofar,sogood.Butnowominous(不祥的)developmenttakesplace.Thenervefibersinthebraininsu

34、late(使隔离)themselvesinsuchawaythatthebabybeginstohearsoundsveryprecisely.Soonitpicksuplanguage,anditisthenbroughtintodirectcommunicationwithadults.Fromthispointon,itisusuallydownhillallthewayformathematics,becausethechildnowbecomesexposedtoallthenonsensewordsandbeliefsofthecommunityintowhichithasbeen

35、sounfortunateastohavebeenborn.Naturehavingdoneverywellbythechildnowbecomesexposedtoallthenonsensewordsandbeliefsoftothispoint,havingpermittedittheluxuryofthinkingforitselfforeighteenmonths,nowabandonsittothearbitraryconventionsandbeliefsofsociety.Butatleastthechildknowssomethingofgeometryandnumbers,

36、anditwillalwaysretainsomememoryoftheearlyhalcyon(平静的)daysnomatterwhatvicissitudes(变化)itmaysufferlateron.Themainreservoirofmathematicaltalentinanysocietyisthuspossessedbychildrenwhoareabouttwoyearsold.Childrenwhohavejustlearnedtospeakfluently. 26.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss? A.Theimpactoflanguage

37、onmathematics. B.Children'sabilitytolearnlanguages. C.Howbasicconceptsofphysicsarelearned. D.Math-learningstrategiesforbabies. 27.Accordingtothepassage,whichoffollowingactivitieswouldteachababygeometry? A.Pickingupawoodenblock. B.Recognizingthenumber2. C.Utteringanonsenseword. D.Lookingatdistant

38、objects. 28.Accordingtotheauthor,atwhatagedoesachildprobablybegintolearnaboutsetsandnumbers? A.Sixmonths. B.Ninemonths. C.Fifteenmonths. D.Eighteenmonths. 29.Theuseoftheword"ominous"showsthattheauthorbelievethechild's_. A.linguisticfutureisthreatened B.nerveswilldeteriorate C.hearingwi

39、llsuffer D.mathematicalabilityalldecline 30.Thepassagesupportwhichofthefollowingconclusions? A.Thelanguageconceptsusedinearlyeducationinterferewithmathematicalreasoning. B.Itishopelesstotrytoteachchildrenmathematicsaftertheageoftwo. C.Languageteachingshouldincorporatesomemathematicalformulas. D.Pres

40、chooleducationshouldstresssociety'sbeliefsandconventions 第四部分概括大意(20分) 给下面一篇文章的每一段概括大意。每一段的主题用一个或几个单词表示，空出的词已给出了第一个字母，请把其余字母补全。 31.TheSolarE Thesunisthesourceofmostoftheheatknowntous.Asadirectsourceofheat,thesunmaintainslifeuponthisplanet,150000000kilometersdistant.Itisalsoanindirectsourceofheat

41、.Sincetheearthisderivedfromthesun,itisthelatterthatwemusttracesomeoftheearth'sinternalheatthatrevealsitselfthroughvolcanoes,geysers(喷泉),andhotsprings. 32.InsectsandSurfaceT Aninsectisnotafraidofgravity,butitisindeadlyfearofanotherforceofnature.Thisforceiscalledsurfacetension(力).Amancomingoutofab

42、athcarrieswithhimafilmofwateraboutonefiftiethofaninchinthickness.Thisweightsaboutapound.Awetmousehastocarryitsownweightinwater.Awetflyhastoliftmanytimesitsownweight,and,aseveryoneknows,aflyoncewettedbywateroranyotherliquidisinaveryseriouspositionindeed.Aninsectgoingforadrinkisinasgreatdangerasamanle

43、aningovertheedgeofacliffinsearchoffood.Ifitoncefallsintothegripofthesurfacetensionofthewater-thatistosay,getswetitislikelytoremainsountilitdrowns.Afewinsectscontrivetobeunwettable;themajoritykeepawayfromtheirdrinkbymeansoflongproboscis(喙). 33.TofBoilingPointofLiquids Whenthetemperatureofaliquidisrai

44、sedenough,theliquidboils.Thismeansthatbubblesofvapor,containingmillionsofmoleculesformbelowthesurface.Inorderforsuchbubblestobeproduced,thepressureofthevaporinsidethemmustbeequaltothepressureoftheairuponthesurfaceoftheliquid.Iftheairpressureisgreater,thebubblewillcollapse.Theboilingpointofaliquid,th

45、en,isthetemperatureatwhichthevaporpressureoftheliquidisequaltotheatmosphericpressureupontheliquidatthesurface. 34.EandContraction Solidsalsoexpandwithincreaseintemperatureandcontractwhencooled.Buttheydonotbehavequitesouniformly(一样地)inthisrespectasliquidsandgasesdo,particularlyinthecaseofwidevariatio

46、ns,intemperature.Mostsolidsexpendorcontractbyadefiniteamountforeverydegreeofthetemperaturethatrisesorfalls.Theamountbywhichonsubstanceexpandsandcontractsforonedegreeisnotusuallythesameasthatforadifferentsubstance.Thus,foragivenriseintemperature,apieceofbrassexpandsatlittlemorethanapieceofcopperandmu

47、chmorethanapieceofsteelofthesamesize. 35.AofElectricTrains Electrictrainshavemanyadvantagesoverthosedrawnbysteamengines.Thereisnosmoketosoilthepassengers'clothesandthecushionsinthetrain.Becausetheycarrynoheavyloadsofcoalandwater,thesetrainscanstartandstopwithlesswasteofpower.Inastationtheyaresil

48、ent:there'snosteamtoproducenoisetodeafenthepassengers. 第五部分阅读理解(120分) Passage1 Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirrortheglassintheroofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun'sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping. Accordingtoaweatherexpert'sprediction,theatmospherewillbe7oCwarmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarminguptookplace,theicecapesinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,the