【三维设计】2017届高考英语一轮复习 学通语法（增分语法填空和短文改错）北师大版

1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。【三维设计】2017届高考英语一轮复习 学通语法（增分语法填空和短文改错）北师大版【三维设计】2017届高考英语一轮复习 学通语法（增分语法填空和短文改错）北师大版学通语法（增分语法填空和短文改错）集释(一) “语境考查类”语法项目第一讲 冠_词单句语法填空1(2015全国卷语法填空)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most mo

2、dern of architects and engineers.2(2015广东高考语法填空)Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned a farm, which looked almost abandoned.3(2015浙江高考改编)Janes grandmother had wanted to write a childrens book for many years, but one thing or another always got in the way.4(2015陕西高考改编)Th

3、e more learned a man is, the more modest he usually becomes.5(2015重庆高考改编)I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.一、不定冠词(一)不定冠词的基本用法1表示泛指某个人或事物。I met a friend of yours today as I hurried off to work.今天我在赶着去上班的路上遇到了你的一位朋友。2用在第一次提到的单数可数名词前，表示泛指。My friend John is a h

4、andsome young man, a young man everyone likes to work with.我的朋友约翰是一个英俊的年轻人，一个人人都喜欢与他共事的年轻人。3表示“某一个”，相当于a certain。I remember he came here on a Sunday and left soon.我记得他在某个星期天来过，并且很快就离开了。4用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。He missed the gold medal in the high jump, but he will get a second chance in the long jump.他在跳高比

5、赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会。5用在形容词的比较等级前，表示“一个更的”。If we sit near the front of the bus, well have a better view.如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部，视野就会更好些。6用于物质名词或抽象名词具体化时。物质名词或抽象名词仅表示概念时，是不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词。但如果表示具体的人或事，特别是前面有形容词修饰时，就变成了可数名词，前面可加不定冠词。Tony is a famous pianist. Im absolutely certain that his concert this Sunday will

6、 be a success.托尼是一位著名的钢琴家，我十分确信这个星期天他的音乐会一定成功。(二)固定搭配中的不定冠词不定冠词常用于某些固定搭配中，常见的有：have a gift for有的天赋have a holiday度假get a lift/ride搭便车 pay a visit to参观lend sb. a hand帮助某人 as a result因此as a rule通常，照例 in a hurry匆忙地at a distance离一段距离 a waste of的浪费What a pity！真遗憾！ be/go on a diet节食a collection of一批 a know

7、ledge of知道have a good time玩得高兴 make a living谋生as a matter of fact事实上 have a history of有历史in a sense/way在某种意义上 for a while暂时，一时all of a sudden突然 a matter of的问题have a population of有人口cover an area of占的面积You can ask anyone for help. Everyone here is willing to lend you a hand.(2014安徽高考单选)你可以向任何人求助，这里的每

8、个人都乐意帮助你。二、定冠词(一)定冠词的基本用法1特指双方都知道的或上文提到过的人或物。I went to a university in New Zealand. The university was founded in the early twentieth century.我在新西兰的一所大学就读，这所大学建立于20世纪初。2用于单数可数名词或形容词前，表示一类人或物。As we all know, the brain is the centre of thought.众所周知，大脑是思维的中心。As a matter of fact, the rich arent always h

9、appy.事实上富人并非总是快乐的。“theadj.”表示一类人的常用短语：the rich富人the dead死者the poor穷人 the aged老人the old老人 the living活着的人the young年轻人 the injured/wounded受伤的人 3用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词only, very, same等之前。Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.在中国杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。Now, years later, this river is one of th

10、e most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.(2014全国卷语法填空)在数年之后的现在，这条河成为了环境治理的最突出的范例之一。4用于被限制性修饰语加以限制的人或物前。The village where I was born has grown into a town.(2014陕西高考单选)我出生的村庄已变成了一个城镇。5用于表示朝代、年代的名词前，或用于整十的数词复数前，表示某个年代。As is well known to us all, the Second World War broke out in the thirtie

11、s.众所周知，二战爆发于30年代。6用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上的公寓里。7用于世界上独一无二的事物前。No one knows exactly how the moon came into existence, as it happened so long ago.没有人确切知道月球是怎样形成的，因为这发生在很久之前。8用于被演奏的西洋乐器前。As far as I know, he likes playing the piano.据我所知，他喜欢弹钢琴。(二)固

12、定结构及固定短语中的定冠词1固定结构中的定冠词(1)用于“bythe表示计量单位的名词”结构中，表示“按计算”。Its said that John will be in a job paying over D|S60,000 a year.Right, he will also get paid by the week.据说，约翰将获得一个年薪超过6万美元的工作。是的，他的工资还将按周支付。(2)用于“动词sb.介词the身体某一部位”结构中。His nose bled when the thief hit him in the face.那个贼打到了他的脸，他鼻子出血了。(3)用于the

13、more . the more .(越越)结构中。The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越小心，就会越少犯错误。2固定短语中的定冠词at the moment此刻；目前in the end 最后，最终to tell the truth说实话 on the other hand另一方面by the way顺便说一下 in the middle of在中间at the same time同时 on the contrary相反on the whole总的来说 in the distance在远处to the poin

14、t 中肯；切题make the most/best of充分利用go to the cinema/theater去看电影/戏剧Now that you have such a good chance, youd better make the best of every minute to achieve your goal.既然你有这么好的一次机会，你最好充分利用每一分钟去实现你的目标。三、零冠词(一)零冠词的基本用法下列情况下不用冠词。1表示泛指的不可数名词或复数名词前。Keeping a diary is a good habit, by which youll make great p

15、rogress.记日记是一个可以让你取得巨大进步的好习惯。Telephones are still playing an important role in peoples life.电话在人们的生活中仍然起着重要的作用。2表示月、季、星期、节假日、洲、三餐、球类、学科、棋类名词前。A year can be divided into four seasons spring, summer, autumn and winter.一年可以分为四季春、夏、秋、冬。3与by连用的表示交通工具、通讯工具的名词前。Are you going there by plane or by ship?你是乘飞机

16、还是乘船去那里？4系动词turn后的单数名词作表语时。After years of hard work, Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager.多年的努力之后，汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一位好经理。5表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时。Dr. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”这所学校的校长彼得斯彭斯博士告诉我们说：“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大

17、学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”(二)固定结构及固定短语中的零冠词1固定结构中的零冠词“零冠词单数名词as/though主语谓语，主句”，意为“虽然但是”。Young man as he is, he has seen much of the world.尽管他很年轻，但他阅历很丰富。2固定短语中的零冠词on purpose故意地by chance碰巧catch fire着火 at dawn在黎明face to face面对面 out of date过时的make room for让位 in debt负债in shape健康 on foot步行in danger在危险中 side by side并排

18、from time to time不时地 hand in hand手拉手day after day日复一日地 heart and soul全心全意地Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does pushups too to stay in shape.(2014江苏高考单选)汤姆总是在早上慢跑，他通常也做俯卧撑来保持健康。典题精选我来改正常设误点(2014陕西高考)That day I didnt learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impr

19、essive lesson about gravity!(2016邢台市高三摸底考试)But he had only an 100yuan note.(2016嘉峪关市一中三模)He was an European billionaire who got everything he wanted.aananaana(1)不定冠词a和an的错用在元音音素前应用不定冠词an；在辅音音素前应用不定冠词a；有些单词以元音字母开头但却是以辅音音素开头，前面应用冠词a而不用an；还有一些单词以辅音字母开头但却是以元音音素开头，前面应用冠词an而不用a。(2015全国卷)One day, little To

20、ny went to a shopping center with his parents . A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.(2016郑州二模)Most of us feel nervous whenever were taking the important exam.shop前的athethean(2)不定冠词a(n)和定冠词the的错用表示特指时用定冠词the；表示泛指时用不定冠词a(n)。(2013全国卷)This custom soon became another meal of day.(2

21、016江西九校联考)Forrest Gump was born in small village.在day前加the在in和small之间加a(3)单数可数名词前冠词的缺失一般情况下，单数可数名词前应有适当的冠词a(n)或the。 a(n)表示类指或泛指，the 表示特指。(2013浙江高考)Tomorrow is first day of school.(2016衡水一中模拟)In order to realize his dream, Bill Gates, richest man in the world, gave up studying in Harvard University.在

22、first前加the在richest前加the(4)定冠词the的缺失在序数词前常用定冠词the；在形容词最高级前也常用定冠词the。(2014全国卷)There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.(2016南昌市一模)I think its a great fun and I can make more friends.去掉flowers前的the去掉great前的a(5)冠词的多余可数名词复数或不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。(2015浙江高考)I was always interest

23、ed to see the drivers in hurry in the morning. (2014全国卷)As result, the plants are growing everywhere.在hurry前加a在result前加a(6)常见固定搭配中冠词的缺失与多余在固定搭配中，有的用不定冠词a(n)，有的用定冠词the，而有的不带任何冠词，如：in a hurry, on the right, in fact, as a result, as a result等。.单句语法填空1(2016济南外国语学校模拟)Nowadays, how we can take good care o

24、f the old is becoming a hot and serious topic.2(2016大庆质量检测二)If I were ever short of cash and couldnt afford to do anything much, which in those days was usually the case, I could always go outside and take a look around.3(2016泰安二模)It was a burninghot, summers day and I was longing to go swimming at

25、the local pool. Instead, I was riding in the back seat of the car as my parents drove to a friends house.4(2016江西八校一模)He tapped her on the shoulder, “Hi! I have been looking for you for such a long time！”5(2016长春调研考试)Today the Internet is playing an important and essential role in our life.6(2016枣庄模

26、拟)First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you can never get a second chance to make first impressions.7(2016石家庄二模)Our destination was Orewa, a seaside town.8(2016青岛自主诊断)After a short silence, the man told the doctor that he seized all the money that his father gave to his brother, who was

27、 abroad.9(2016郑州高三二模)Its a pleasure for me to be here to speak to such a distinguished group from all over the world.10(2016南阳一中三模)Imagine falling towards the planet Earth at an awesome speed of 300 kilometers per hour.11(2016济南高考模拟)When he became a doctor, he tapped peoples chests to see how much l

28、iquid was in their lungs. Laennec did the same and learned to tell by tapping carefully on a chest whether it was diseased or not.12(2016大庆市二轮复习检测)I should be very interested to meet the man who threw the stone you mentioned in the newspaper.单句改错1(2016银川质量检测短文改错)This afternoon I went to see my grand

29、father by a bus.去掉a2(2016贵州监测二短文改错)With English being widely used in the world, it is playing a more and more important role. For example, a French and Chinese cant speak each others language.Chinese前加a3(2016赣州模拟短文改错)He became a engineer instead and spent most of his time studying car design.aan4(20

30、16衡水中学二模短文改错)Second, we must set the goal, which motivates us to pursue our dreams.thea5(2016山东省实验中学一模短文改错)Im Li Hua and Im writing to apply for the assistant post you advised on Internet.on后加the6(2016豫东、豫北十所名校联考短文改错)There is no doubt that English has become an universal language nowadays.ana7(2016呼

31、和浩特调研短文改错)If you want to make a progress, you need to put your heart into your study and work hard.去掉a8(2016吉林省第二次调研短文改错)I borrowed story book from the library the other day and took it home.story前加a.语法填空(2016河北衡水中学三模)It was a busy day at the grocery store and an old couple were in line behind me wi

32、th birthday balloons.From _1_ they said, I knew their nephew had a twin and something bad happened to the baby at birth. Though they did all they could _2_ (help) them but times were tough for them.They seemed to be too nervous and were too _3_ (anxiety) to leave, so I asked _4_ they wanted to go ah

33、ead of me or not. They didnt understand what I _5_ (mean) at first. After knowing it, they were very appreciative. But they stood behind me.At that time I knew it had to be a significant day to them. Nothing could be _6_ (good) if someone offered to help them. So I told the cashier to add the balloo

34、ns to my purchases. The old couple refused at first _7_ I insisted. I said, “You tell your sweet nephew that there are still nice people left who wanted to give them _8_ hand in this world.” They thanked me over and over and the cashier was moved to tears, _9_ (say) there was an angel in her line to

35、day.That little act of _10_ (kind) made everyone who saw it feel good but it made me feel the best of all!1what介词后接宾语从句，设空处为连接代词，此处表示“从他们所说的话”，故填what。2to help此处作目的状语，故用动词不定式。3anxious该词在系动词be之后且有too修饰，故用形容词anxious。4whether此处为宾语从句的连接词，表示“是否”，且与or not搭配，故用whether。5meant此处为宾语从句的谓语动词，主句为一般过去时，所以从句也用一般过去时

36、。6better否定词与比较级连用表示最高级的含义。7but此处表示转折关系，故用but。8agive sb. a hand为固定短语，意为“帮助某人”。9saying此处作状语，非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。10kindness介词of后应用名词，故填kindness。an act of kindness“善行”。.短文改错(2016烟台市二模)I was not good in math in the first year of junior high school. Having been failed so many times in math exams, I

37、was anxious about the subject. Every time I tried hardly to work out a math problem, I was afraid of making mistakes, that really made me feel helpless. Luckily, I met a nice math teacher in second year. She told me that I didnt need to worry about making mistakes because I could find out my shortco

38、mings through my mistake. She always encouraged myself to try again whenever I make a mistake. Thanks to my teachers encouragement, I became interesting in math and made rapid progress. My experience proves that failure was the mother of success and that we can learn a lot from our mistakes.答案：第一句：第

39、一个inat第二句：去掉been第三句：hardlyhard; thatwhich第四句：second前加the第五句：mistakemistakes第六句：myselfme; makemade第七句：interestinginterested第八句：wasis第二讲 代_词单句语法填空1(2015全国卷语法填空)A few hours before, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with its (it) choking smog.2(2015广东高考语法填空)Now it occurred to him (he) that his farm had much

40、 potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.3(2014全国卷语法填空)Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! Its me/mine (I)”4(2014广东高考语法填空)Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my frien

41、ds who had been there before said it was a wonderful holiday destination.5(2014全国卷语法填空)The river was so polluted that it actually caught fire and burned.6(2015陕西高考改编)To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other.一、人称代词形式句法功能主格I, we, you, he, she, it, th

42、ey主要用作主语，有时用作表语宾格me, us, you, him, her, it, them作动词或介词的宾语；口语中常用宾格作表语She was beautiful and could run faster than others.她(那时)很美并且比其他人跑得快。Give me a challenge, and I will meet it with joy.让我迎接挑战，我会欣然接受。二、物主代词形式句法功能形容词性物主代词my, our, your, his, her, its, their作定语名词性物主代词mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, t

43、heirs作主语、宾语或表语He invited some friends of his to his party.他邀请了他的一些朋友参加宴会。三、反身代词形式句法功能myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves作宾语、表语或同位语The child looked at himself in the mirror with interest.那个孩子饶有兴趣地看着镜子里的自己。含有反身代词的习惯用语：by oneself独自地for oneself亲自come to oneself苏

44、醒；恢复知觉 dress oneself自己穿衣behave yourself举止规矩有礼 devote oneself to致力于apply oneself to专心致志于 help oneself to随便吃/用enjoy oneself玩得开心 seat oneself就座，入席make yourself at home别客气 teach oneself自学adapt/adjust oneself to 适应于 四、指示代词指示代词用法this/these指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this可指下文将要谈到的人或物that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that 可指上文

45、提到过的人或物such指代前面所叙述的人或事物。作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数so代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情，意思是“如此，这样”。在believe, think, expect, suppose, imagine, guess等词后用so代替前文提出的观点The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.(2015天津高考单选)这所规模很小的学校的教学质量比有些规模较大的学校的教学质量还要好。Studying Wendys menu, I

46、found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonalds.(2012浙江高考单选)研究了温迪的菜单，我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。Such are my friends who will never fail to help me when needed.我的朋友们就是这样：永远会在我需要他们时伸出援手。Is James coming tonight?I think so, but Im not sure.詹姆斯今晚会来吗？我想会的，但我不能肯定。五、不定代词(一)不定代词的基本用法不定代词用法each/both/alle

47、ach指“(两者或两者以上物或人中的)每个”；both表示“两者都”；all指“(三者或三者以上物或人中的)所有，全部”either/neithereither表示“(两者中的)任何一个”；neither表示“两者都不”none/nothingnone表示“(三者或三者以上)全无，没有一点”；nothing表示“没有任何东西，没有事”anotheranother泛指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一，又一”other/othersother泛指“其余的，另外的”，只作定语。other可数名词复数othersthe other/the othersthe other特指“(两者之中的)另一个”。the

48、 other可数名词复数the othersAs the two dictionaries are useful, Ill take both and either of them is very important to me.因为这两本字典有用，我把两本字典都带上，每一本对我而言都很重要。Would you like to go shopping with me on Saturday or Sunday?Im sorry. Neither will suit me. Ill be away on business during that period.星期六或星期天陪我去购物好吗？对不起

49、。那两天都不行。我那段时间将正在出差。You are a team star！Working with others is really your cup of tea.你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。Neither side is prepared to talk to the other unless we can smooth things over between them.除非我们能够消除他们之间的矛盾，否则他们双方都不打算与对方讲话。(二)复合不定代词的用法某任何每个；所有没有人someone/somebodyanyone/anybodyeveryone/everyb

50、odyno one/nobody物somethinganythingeverythingnothingThere is something in his words. We should have a try.他说的话不无道理，我们应该试一试。This project requires close teamwork. Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together.(2013安徽高考单选)这个项目需要密切的团队合作，除非我们通力合作，否则将一事无成。(三)表示数量的不定代词的用法代词用法表示意义含义few修饰可数名词否定含义几乎没有a

51、 few修饰可数名词肯定含义几个；一些little修饰不可数名词否定含义几乎没有a little修饰不可数名词肯定含义少量；一点点many修饰可数名词肯定含义许多much修饰不可数名词肯定含义许多Few of us can speak four foreign languages.我们当中很少有人会说四种外语。I have a few friends, but my younger sister has very few.我有一些朋友，但我妹妹几乎没有朋友。She can speak a little French, but she knows little English.她能讲点法语，但她

52、几乎不懂英语。六、it的用法1it用作人称代词，用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容。The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.史密斯一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。2it指时间、距离、天气等。Its 112 miles from London to Birmingham.从伦敦到伯明翰有112英里。3it 用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。It is no good living al

53、one without keeping in touch with others.独居而不和他人来往没有好处。(it作形式主语，动名词短语living alone without .为真正的主语)No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.不管在哪里，他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。(it作形式宾语，动词不定式to go for .为真正的宾语)He didnt make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.他没说清楚何时何地举行

54、会议。(it作形式宾语，从句when and where . 为真正的宾语)知识积累常用it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式：It is a pity/shame that .真可惜/丢人It is no wonder that . 难怪It seems/appears that . 似乎/看起来It looks/seems as if/though . 看起来好像It happens that . 碰巧It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that . 某人突然想起It is said/reported/announced/believed/hoped/suggested that . 据说/据报道/据宣布/人们 认为/人们希望/人们建议It is no use/good/a waste of time doing sth. 做某事没有用/好处/浪费时间It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间主语表示情感倾向的动词或动词短语(enjoy