2020-2021高考英语试卷阅读理解题分类汇编(含答案)

1、2020-2021高考英语试卷阅读理解题分类汇编（含答案）一、高中英语阅读理解1 .阅读理解When a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins, do you hurry on, not knowing what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money? What should our attitude to beggars be? There ca

2、n be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories. It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from. It seems cruel not to give some money to beggars.Certainly, most of the world's great religions (宗教)order us to be open-hearted and share what we have w

3、ith those less fortunate than ourselves. But has the world changed? Maybe what was morally (道德方面)right in the old days, when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea. Quite a few people will not give to beggars. Let us look at their argu

4、ments.First, some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging. Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil (恶行). Secondly, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs. Thirdly, there is t

5、he opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one's sense of pride and self-dependence.Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people. Some people think beggars should g

6、o to the local government department and receive help.It is hard to come to any final conclusion; there are various cases and we must deal with them differently. A few coins can save a life in some situations, and even if the money is wasted, that does not take away the moral goodness of the giver.(

7、1) What is mainly discussed in the passage?A. Moral deeds of people.B. Religious activities of the church.C. Moral goodness of the giver.D. Arguments on giving to beggars.(2) What can we infer from the sentence "But has the world changed?" in the second paragraph?A. People no longer know w

8、ho suffers misfortune in the village.B. Some people will not do what was morally right in the past.C. We don't meet with those who need help any more.D. Now it is the government's duty to help the beggars.(3) Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Some people dress up to p

9、retend to be beggars.B. Some beggars want money to help their children go to school.C. Some beggars use the money to buy drugs.D. Some beggars have no excuse for begging.(4) In the last paragraph, the writer thinks that it is hard to come to any final conclusion, because.A. the cases can be so diffe

10、rentC. there is so much money wastedB. there are so many beggarsD. there are so many different arguments【答案】(1) DB(3) B(4) A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了人们过去和现在对乞讨者不同观点及原因，告诉我们不同问题要区别对待。(1)考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文论述了人们现在对乞讨者不同观点及原因。列 举了现在人们不给乞讨者钱的几种想法及帮助别人是美德，告诉我们不同问题要区别对 待。故选Do(2)考查句义猜测。上句说多数宗教都要求我们敞开心扉和不如自己幸运的人分享。

11、下 句讲或许过去道德上认为是对的现在不再是最好的想法。前后两句是转折，所以"But hasthe world changed?"指情况发生了改变，人们的观念发生了改变，故选 B。(3)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiableand actually make a good living from begging. the money' you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs.和 there is no rea

12、l excuse for begging.可知 A、C”D 都提到了， B 没提到。故选 B。(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"It is hard to come to any final conclusion; there arevarious cases and we must deal with them differently.可知由于不同情况要区别对待，所以很难做最后结论。故选 A.【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一 篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系， 进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，

13、从而选出正确答案。2 .阅读理解When he was young, Louis Armstrong was taking what was called“ Creole jazz ” , which was ahcalled dance music, and combining it with trumpeter (小号手)Buddy Bolden, to create what would eventually become today's jazz.Armstrong accomplished that with almost no formal training. He rec

14、eived little training before he was placed in the New Orleans Colored Waif's Home at the age of 12, after a run-in ( 小争执) with the police. The punishment turned out to be a mixed blessing, for he also had the opportunity to play in a real band.While at the Waif's, Armstrong also got the chan

15、ce to hear some of the city's finest musicians. Cornetist Freddie Keppard performed in a nearby club. So did trumpeter and bandleader, King Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing technique.When Oliver left for Chicago, Armstrong chose

16、 to stay in New Orleans and work with some of the other top musicians of the day. In Chicago, King Oliver offered him a place in his band in 1922. It became Armstrong's biggest challenge yet the band had no parts written for trumpet, so he was forced to listen to King Oliver and improvise ( 即兴创作

17、 ).Soon, Armstrong's undeniable talent was getting notice. Even classically trained musicians would come to hear the incredible sounds this young man created.Lil Hardin, the bands piano player and the future Mrs. Armstrong, explains that Oliver keptArmstrong in the second trumpet- chair so that

18、Oliver would still be" King ” . Hardin convinced himto leave the band.Armstrong moved to New York City in 1924 to join Fletcher Henderson's band and then flew solo. In 1925, Armstrong put together the Hot Five, expanding his popularity even more. Armstrong recorded his first composition, Co

19、rnet Chop Suey, one of the most copied jazz solos of all time. This monumental 1928 recording blends (混合)artistry, endurance and showmanship that has rarely, if ever, been matched in Jazz.(1) What does the underlined word"that " refer to in the second paragraph?A. To play dance music.B. To

20、 work with Buddy Bolden.C. To create modem jazz music.D. To play a jazz instrument well.(2) Who taught Louis Armstrong how to play music in the early time?A. Buddy Bolden. B. Lil Hardin. C. Cornetist Freddie Keppard. D. King Joe Oliver.(3) Why did Louis Armstrong Leave King Oliver's band?A. Beca

21、use he wanted to get married in New York. B. Because the man forced him to leave the band. C. Because he got a better opportunity in New York. D. Because his talent could not develop completely.(4) What's the main idea of the passage?A. It asks readers to know more about modern jazz.B. It introd

22、uces one of the greatest jazz musicians.C. It introduces the development of jazz.D. It describes the importance of talent in playing jazz.【答案】(1) CD(3) D(4) B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了音乐人 Louis Armstrong学习音乐的过程。(1)考查代词指代。根据第一段中的 to create what would eventually become today's jazz.由此可知 that 指上段 ”.to cr

23、eate what would eventually become today's jazz., 散选 C。(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的 "So did trumpeter and bandleader, King Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing technique.小号手兼乐队指挥 King Joe Oliver也这么做了，他把小男孩放在自己的侧厅，教 他如何阅读音乐，学习演奏技巧。故选 Do(3)考

24、查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"Lil Hardin, the bands piano player and the futureMrs. Armstrong, explains that Oliver kept Armstrong in the second trumpet-chair so that Oliver would still be " King ” . Hardin convinced him to leave the !0ndW出 Louis Armstrong 离开DoKing Oliver乐队的原因是因为他的才能不能得到完全发展，故选(4)考查主旨大意

25、。全文介绍Armstrong如何成为伟大的爵士音乐家，故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行 分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3 .阅读理解Last week, Vodafone started a test of the UK's first full 5G service, available for use by businesses in Salford. It is part of its plan to trial the technolo

26、gy in seven UK cities. But what can we expect from the next generation of mobile technology?One thing we will see in the preparation for the test is lots of tricks with the new tech. Earlierthis year, operators paid almost£ 1.4 billion for the 5G wavelengths, and to compensate for thatcash, the

27、y will need to catch the eye of consumers. In September, Vodafone used its bit of the range to display the UK's first hologram ( 全,息)call. The Manchester City captain Steph Houghton appeared as a hologram in Newbury. It isn't all holograms, however: 5G will offer faster internet access, with

28、 Ofcom (英国通讯管理局 )suggesting that video that takes a minute to download on4G will be available in just a second.The wider application is to support connected equipment on the "internet of things" -not just the internet-enabled fridge that can reorder your milk for you, but the network that

29、will enable driverless cars and delivery drones (无人机)to communicate with each other.Prof William Webb has warned that the technology could be a case of the emperor's new clothes. Much of the speed increase, he claims, could have been achieved by putting more money in the 4G network, rather than

30、a new technology. Other different voices have suggested that a focus on rolling out wider rural broadband access and addressing current network coverage would be more beneficial to the UK as a whole.Obviously, 5G will also bring a cost to consumers. It requires a handset for both 5G and 4G, and the

31、first 5G-enabled smart phones are expected in the coming year. With the slow pace of network rollout so far, it is likely that consumers will end up upgrading to a new 5 G phone well before 5 G becomes widely available in the next couple of years.(1) Why does Prof William Webb say "the technolo

32、gy could be a case of the emperor's new clothes"?A. He is in favor of the application of the new technology.B. 5G will bring a cost to consumers in their daily life.C. 5G helps people communicate better with each other.D. He prefers more money to be spent on 4G networks.(2) The underlined w

33、ord "addressing" in the fourth paragraph has the closest meaning to.A. making a speech to B. trying to solve C. managing to decrease D. responding to (3) The last paragraph indicates that.A. it'll take several years .to make 5G accessible to the public in the UKB. 5G service shows huge

34、 development potential and a broad marketC. customers are eager to use 5G smart phones instead of 4G onesD. it's probable that 5G network rollout is speeding up in Britain（ 4） What do we know about the text?A. Vodafone is successful in spreading the 5G service.B. Steph Houghton appeared as a hol

35、ogram by 4G.C. The application of 5G will make life much easier.D. 5G phones are available in rural areas of the UK.【答案】（ 1 ） D（ 2） B（ 3） A（ 4） C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是4G 向 5G 的转变。5G 会给人们带来更多的好处，使人们的生活更加舒适。（ 1）细节理解题。根据第四段中Prof William Webb has warned that the technology could bea case of the emperor

36、's new clothes. Much of the speed increase, he claims, could have been achieved by putting more money in the 4G network, rather than a new technology. 可知， Prof William Webb 说 “这项技术可能是皇帝新衣的一个例子”是因为他更愿意把更多的钱花在4G网络上。故选D。（ 2）词义猜测题。根据第四段中Other different voices have suggested that a focus on rollingou

37、t wider rural broadband access and addressing current network coverage would be more beneficial to the UK as a whole. 其他不同的声音表示，集中精力推广更广泛的农村宽带接“入，解决目前的网络覆盖问题，将对整个英国更有利。”由此推知划线词的意思是“试图解决 ”。故选B。（ 3）推理判断题。根据最后一段With the slow pace of network rollout so far, it is likely thatconsumers will end up upgradi

38、ng to a new 5 G phone well before 5 G becomes widely available in the next couple of years.可知，最后一段指出，让 5G在英国向公众开放需要几年的时间。 故选A。（ 4）推理判断题。根据第二段中5G will offer faster internet access, with Ofcom （ 英国通讯管理局 ） suggesting that video that takes a minute to download on 4G will be available in just a second.可知

39、，5G的应用将使生活变得更容易。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4 阅读理解A few hours after my first mission, returning to Earth on the space shuttle Endeavour, I completed all of my medical tests after flight,

40、met with NASA officials, and reunited with my family. Finally, I was alone in my office room in astronaut crew quarters at the Kennedy Space Center, exhausted and ready for bed. And I did what anyone does when they return to their hotel room on a business trip: I turned on the TV. The television new

41、s started up: Such and such had happened, people were shocked, blah blah blah. Sports scores. Silly commercials.It didn't take more than a minute before I had to turn it off. It felt like my body was rejecting all this input, just as it would reject an organ donation that had the wrong blood typ

42、e. All of this noise was just completely foreign to who I was or, more appropriately, who I had become. A few hours before, I had been orbiting Earth, seeing our planet from space, flying the most amazing machine ever built by human hands, working with a team that was the absolute success of human.

43、And now here in my room watching what was being sold as news, and with my newfound perspective, I just could not stomach it. My worldview was changed forever in a profound (深亥U的)way.The biggest change by far and the one for which I will always be most grateful is this big-picture perspective. That w

44、ill stick with me for the rest of my life.Whenever I feel the pressure of modern life, the stress about work, or worry about the future, I remember my time in the space station. Back to seeing the sun set Or watching our galaxy rise on the horizon. Or seeing a sea of lightning flash a hundred times

45、a second. Or simply back to floating weightlessly.When I'm there in my mind and realize how many billions of these beautiful sunsets there have been and will be in the future, the cares of the world just don't seem that pressing. It goes that, "Do not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow

46、will worry about itself." Living daily life down here on the planet is so much better with this attitude!(1) Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word stomach in paragraph 2?A. Access.B. Attend.C. Accept.D. Afford.(2) What is the most important change to the writer?A.

47、He has a broader view of the world.B. He doesn't like watching TV any more.C. He will always be most grateful for everything.D. He can fly the most amazing machine by hands.(3) What attitude to life does the writer tend to have?A. caged bird longs for clouds.B. Live in the present moment.C. Let

48、bygones be bygones.D. Time works great changes.【答案】(1) C A (3) B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了在一次太空之旅后作者对待生活的态度 的变化。(1)考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的 "It didn't take more than a minute before I had to turn it off.以及画线词后的 "My worldviewwas changed forever in a profound (深刻的)way.可知,我 的世界观以一种深刻的方式永远改变了，因此此处是说以我现在

49、的视角，看这种新闻是我 无法忍受的，所以不到一分钟我就关掉了电视，由此可知画线词词义为接受、忍受”，故选C。(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的 "The biggest change by far and the one for which I will always be most grateful is this big-picture persp ective.可知，作者最重要的改变是他对世界有 更广阔的看法，故选 A。(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的 "Itgoes that, ' Doiot worry about tomorrow, for tomo

50、rrow will worry about itself.' Living daily life down here on the planet is so much better withthis attitude!可知，它说，不要为将来担心，生活在这个星球上的日常生活是如此的好，这句话表明了作者对待生活的态度是不要担心将来，活在当下，故选 Bo【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟 类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而 选出正确答案。5 .阅读理解A great number of species m

51、ake their home in the vast waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Although the entire ocean makes up an ecosystem, many smaller habitats are found within, including an open-water habitat off the coast of the Northern Atlantic Ocean known as the Sargasso Sea. Sargassum is an alga(海藻)that floats in masses that

52、 can continue for miles. The waters of the Gulf Stream push the water in a northward move into this area. This constant move and varying temperature support the accumulation of the brown-colored seaweed.The Sargasso Sea is so enormous that one method of information collection has not been enough for

53、 scientists to obtain an accurate picture of what takes place within this ecosystem. Researchers have needed to employ several methods of sampling. Methods such as dragging nets over the surface of the water and videotaping beneath areas of sargassum have served scientists well. Information collecte

54、d has shown that the Gulf Stream pushes brown algae from open water into the Sargasso Sea area, creating a diverse floating habitat in an area that would otherwise not support that wildlife.In the most recent study of the sargassum community off the shores of North Carolina, eighty- one fish species

55、 were documented as using the area as a microhabitat. This is an increase from previous studies. The types of fish found here are both commercially and environmentally important. The South Atlantic Fishery Management Council is working to regulate the harvesting of sargassum. The Council hopes to ha

56、ve the area classified as an Essential Fish Habitat. Which would afford it certain protections.Further research needs to be done before scientists understand how to best protect the Sargasso Sea as well as understand how it goes about supporting so many important types of wildlife.11) The author use

57、s "enormous" in paragraph 2 to stress that A. the Atlantic Ocean is really amazing in terms of its size and area B. what the researchers do is highly respected by scientific community C. the research work is complex because a large area must be covered D. a large amount of money for the Sa

58、rgasso Sea research is needed(2) It can be inferred from the phrase "needed to be done" in paragraph 4 that the author thinksA.the Sargasso ecosystem is worth our attention and needs more studyB.the scientific community has ignored this complex ecosystemC.the Sargasso Sea is becoming a pro

59、blem and needs removingD.new methods for researching the ecosystem must be found instantly(3) The text is mainly about .A.diversity of wildlife in the Atlantic OceanB.different habitats of sea animalsC.methods of information collectionD.the Sargasso Sea as an entire ecosystem【答案】(1) CA(4) D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了马尾藻海这个完整的生态系统，非常巨大以 至于一种信息收集方法不足以让科学家准确了解这个生态系统中发生的情况，这里发现的 鱼类种类在商业和环境上都很重要。南大西洋渔业管理委员会正在努力管制马尾藻海的捕 捞。这将为马尾藻海提供一定的保护。(1)考查句义猜测。根据第二段中的"onemethod of informatio