英语反身代词的用法

1、反身代词是指myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,herself,itself,themselves,oneself。二、oneself与himself当one指人时，其相应的反身代词通常用oneself,在美国英语中也可用himself:Oneshouldnotpraiseoneselfhimself.一个人不应该自吹自擂。三、反身代词的句法功能：1. 反身代词用于强调时经常作主语或宾语的同位,一般置于所强调的词的后面，也可写在反身代词用于强调时要重读。例：Themanagerhimselfservedthecustomers./Thema

2、nagerservedthecustomershimself.经理亲自为顾客服务。Theboxitselfisnotsoheavy.箱子本身并不重。herselfisalawyer.布莱克太太本人就是一名律师。你最好问司机本人。马丁亲自照顾病人。你不必费神亲自来了。你自己是这样说的。不要把自己该做的事留给别人Youhadbetteraskthedriverhimself.Martinhimselfattendedthesickman.Don'ttroubletocomeoveryourself.Youyourselfsaidso./Yousaidsoyourself.Neverleav

3、etootherswhatyououghttodoyourself.做。2. 用作宾语（动词或介词的宾语）反身代词作动词宾语时常常是非强调性的。有些动词与反他为人很好。我不在，你要规矩点。身代词成为固定搭配，请注意，汉译时“自己”可根据情况忽略不译：a.作动词宾语：behaveoneself有礼貌；规矩Hebehaveshimselfwell.BehaveyourselfwhileIamaway.enjoyoneself过得快活我们在聚会上都玩得很痛快。你能用英语表达思想吗？Weallenjoyedourselvesintheparty.expressoneself表达自己的意思Canyoue

4、xpressyourselfinEnglish?F.collectoneself清醒过来，镇定下来我还没来得及考虑一下IacceptedtheofferbeforeIwasabletocollectmyself.就接受了帮助。b.作介词宾语Takegoodcareofyourself.好好照顾你自己。Hehasarighttodecideforhimself.他有权为自己做出决定。Thechildcandresshimself.这孩子能自己穿衣服了。Shefinallygainedcontrolofherself.最后她控制住了自己。Shecouldnotmakeherselfundersto

5、od.她不能使别人听懂她的话。Everybodyherehastheinfluenzaincludingmyself.包括我在内所有人都患上流感。Thechildcriedhimselftosleep.孩子哭着哭着睡着了。Hehadacoupleofrevolverswithwhichtodefendhimself.他只有一两把手枪用来自卫。反身代词作介词宾语或动词宾语时，有时也可起强调作用。例Hehasbeenlivingbyhimselfsincehisparentsdied.生活。(byhimself=alone)ThismatterisbetweenourselvesTheenemyw

6、illnotperishofhimselfShefinishedthejobbyherself.3.用作表语Thepoorboywasmyself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。Justbeyourself.做你自己就好了。Maryhasn'tquitebeenherselfrecently.Theoneswhoreallywantitareourselves.【说明】有时用于be,feel,seem,lookI'mnotquitemyselfthesedays.asIusuallydo)I'llbemyselfagaininnotime.他父母死后，他就一直一个人.(Wi

7、thoutanyoneelseknowing).(ofhisownwill)她独自完成了这项工作。(byherself=withouthelp)玛丽近来感到不适。真正想要它的是我们自己。等后作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状态：我近来身体不大舒服。（=Iamnotfeelingsowell我过一会儿就会好的。4.用作主语。在现代英语中，反身代词一般不能独立用作主语，但是它却可以借助and,or,nor等连词与其他名词一起构成并列主语（且位于并列主语的后部），以及用于某些特殊结构（如as.as等）:Mybrotherandmyselfwentthereyesterday.昨天我兄弟和我起去了Jim&

8、#39;ssisterandhimselfgetupatsixeveryday.吉姆的妹妹和他每天6点起床。Hewasasanxiousasmyself.他和我一样担心。Formywifeandme/myselfitwasamostenjoyableweekend.对于我妻子和我（本人）来说,这是一个非常快乐的周末。在but,except,like,as等词之后,或作对比时,宾格和反身代词都可以用但后者的语气更强。Sheisabout：thesameageasyou/yourself.她的年龄和你（本人）差不多。有时“动词+反身代词”之后,还需要一定的介词。例：G.busyoneselfHeb

9、usiedhimselfwithwith忙于numeroustasksaroundthehouse.他忙于家里的许多事情。H.availoneselfof利用WeavailedourselvesofeverychancetospeakEnglish.我们利用每个机会讲英语。I.addressoneselfto专心于(工作)Theyaddressthemselvestothemaindifficulties.他们专心致志解决主要困难。J.devoteoneselfto致力于；献身于Wearedeterminedtodevoteourselvestothecauseofeducation.我们决心

10、为教育事业献身。有些动词接反身代词后再接that从句：K.assureoneselfthat.确信Beforegoingtobed,sheassureherselfthatthedoorwaslocked.她确信门已锁好才去睡觉。L.flatteroneselfthat.自以为Heflatteredhimselfthathewouldwinthefirstprize.她自以为会获得第一名。反义疑问句反义疑问句(TheDisjunctiveQuestion或Questiontags)即附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证实。反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是

11、一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。主要形式：陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式；陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式。主语一般词语附加疑问句中主语用和主句一致的主语，用主格。附加疑问句随从句。不定代词当陈述部分的主语是(1) one时，后面的疑问句可用one/he.(2) noone时，后面附加疑问句中主语用they。(3) everything,anything,nothing,something时，附加疑问句中主语用it不用they(4) this,that,或those,these时，附加疑问句中主语用it或they.(5) everyone,everybody,someone,som

12、ebody,anyone,nobody等时，附加疑问句中主语一般用they(口头语，非正式文体)/he(正式文体)。(6) 不定式时，动名词，其他短语，附加疑问句中主语一般用it。(7) therebe句型时，附加疑问句中一般用be/情态动词/助动词+there否定意义的词对反义疑问句的回答。对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes,事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。例：一Helikesplayingfootball,doesn&

13、#39;the?他喜欢踢足球，是吗？Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't.是的。/不是。Hissisterdidn'tattendthemeeting,didshe?他妹妹没有参加会议，是吗？Yes,shedid./No,shedidn't.不，她参加了。/是的，她没参加。简要总结反意疑问句19条：1）陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用aren'tI.I'mastallasyoursister,aren'tI?2）陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may+主语。Iwishtohaveawordwithyou,mayI?3）陈述部分用

14、no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。TheSwedemadenoanswer,didhe/she?Someplantsneverblown（开花）,dothey?4）含有oughtto的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't/oughtn't+主语。Heoughttoknowwhattodo,oughtn'the?/shouldn'the?5）陈述部分有haveto+v.（hadto+v.）,疑问部分常用don't+主语（d

15、idn't+主语）。Wehavetogetthereateighttomorrow,don'twe?6）陈述部分的谓语是usedto时，疑问部分用didn't+主语或usedn't+主语。Heusedtotakepicturesthere,didn'the?/usedn'the?7）陈述部分有hadbetter+v.疑问句部分用hadn'tyou?You'dbetterreaditbyyourself,hadn'tyou?8）陈述部分有wouldrather+v.，疑问部分多用wouldn't+主语。Hewould

16、ratherreadittentimesthanreciteit,wouldn'the?9）陈述部分有You'dliketo+v.疑问部分用wouldn't+主语。You'dliketogowithme,wouldn'tyou?10）陈述部分有must的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。Hemustbeadoctor,isn'the?YoumusthavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears,haven'tyou?/didn'tyou?Hemusthavefinishedityesterday,didn'

17、the?11）感叹句中，疑问部分用be+主语。Whatcolours,aren'tthey?Whatasmell,isn'tit?12）陈述部分由neither-nor,either-or连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。NeitheryounorIamengineer,arewe?13）陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用itoEverythingisready,isn'tit?14）陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓

18、语而定。Mr.SmithhadbeentoBeijingforseveraltimes,heshouldhavebeeninChinanow,shouldn'the?b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：Heisnotthemanwhogaveusatalk,ishe?HesaidhewantedtovisitJapan,didn'the?c. 上述部分主句谓语是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。Idon'tthinkheisbright,

19、ishe?Webelieveshecandoitbetter,can'tshe?15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,noone等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。Everyoneknowstheanswer,don'tthey?(doeshe?)Nobodyknowsaboutit,dothey?(doeshe?)16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用need(dare)+主语。Weneednotdoitagain,needwe?Hedarenotsayso,dareyou?当dar

20、e,need为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do+主语。Shedoesn'tdaretogohomealone,doesshe?17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用willyou。Don'tdothatagain,willyou?Gowithme,willyou/won'tyou?注意：Let's开头的祈使句，后用shallwe?Letus开头的祈使句，后用willyou?Let'sgoandlistentothemusic,shallwe?Letuswaitforyouinthereading-room,willyou?18) 陈述部分是"therebe"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。Thereissomethingwrongwithyourwatch,isn'tthere?Therewillnotbeanytrouble,willthere?(19) 当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是unhappy,dislike,unfriendly,等含有否定词缀的派生词，也就是有un,dis-前缀、-less后缀等含词缀而意思否定的词，当肯定句处理，疑问部分用否定形式。如：Helooksunhappy,doesn'the?他看上去不高兴，不是吗？The