2020高考英语常见熟词生义整理

1、英语考试说明附录中部分熟词生义词学习一览表序号单词熟义生义学习要点1across横过；越过1、到、在对面(adv/prep)He lives across the street 他住在街对面。the house across the street 街道对面的房子2、宽(adv)The river is 50 metres across.河宽 50 米。The tree measures 50 cm across.2add增加，加起来接着说， 补充说I should like to add that we are pleased with the test result. 我还要补充 说一下，我

2、们对测试结果表示满意。3address地址；住址(n)1、演说；正式讲演an address of welcome 欢迎词2、对讲演或发表演说(vt)address a meeting向大会发表演说address the whole nation向全国发表演说 addressed me in low tones 低声与我交谈3、称呼；用特殊的 头衔称呼How shall I address you?我应当怎样称呼您呢？ Don't address me as 'boss不要叫我“老板”。4、写姓名地址(vt)address the letter /envelope 在信上写地址

3、The envelope is addressed to Jack Johnson, Esq.信封上写着杰克约 翰逊先生收。4admit承认1、准许进入This ticket admits two people to the football match.这张票可供两人入场看足球赛。be admitted to /into Beijing University被北京大学录取2、接容纳；容许The cinema admits about 2000 people.这座电影院大约可坐2000 人。The rules and regulations admit of no other explanat

4、ion. 这些规章制度 不容许有其他解释。His illness admits of no delay.他的病不容拖延。5afford担负得起费用抽得出(时间)He can't afford an hour for lunch.他抽不出一小时吃午饭I can't affordthree weeks away from work.我无法丢下工作三星期。6against反对，逆着，倚 靠着，1、与一成对照against a dark background 与黑色背景成对照 ;The picture looks better against the light wall.这幅画挂在浅

5、色的墙上显得更美。2、防备；防御against the cold 防冷 against a rainy day 防备雨天 We are all taking medicine against the flu.我们者 B 在服药预防流感。 be prepared against war and natural disasters 备战备荒7air空气，天空1、发表(意见等)air one's views 发表意见使通风，使通气She aired the room by opening the window.她打开窗子使房间通风。8allow允许，准许给予；使得到allowed him &

6、#163; 1000 for expenses给他每年1000英镑的开销容许(of)allow of no excuse 不容,i*解 The situations allow of no excuse. 形势不 容许拖延；形势刻不容缓。体谅；考虑到；顾及(for)We must allow for his youth.我们应当体谅他年轻。酌留；预计allow 10% for inflation 允许 10% 的通货膨胀allow 15 minutes for delay 预留15分钟以防耽搁9alone单独地，独自地用在名词或代词之 后只有，唯有，仅 仅Smith alone knew wh

7、at happened.只有史密斯知道发生了什么事。The key alone will open the door.只有这把钥匙能开这个门。10attend出席，参加侍侯，照应，与on/upon连用）attend the very sick patients 照应重病人 attend on / upon a very sick man处理、料理（与to连 用）attend to the problem11beat连续击打，揍击败，战胜（用于比赛 中）beat sb at the table tennis match规律性地拍击to beat a drum 击鼓 The heart beats

8、.心脏跳动。My pulse beatsnormally.我脉搏正常。搅拌to beat eggs 打鸡蛋1、鼓（翼）The bird beat its wings.鸟扑打翅膀。12beyond超出、超过表小范围，限度1、除-以外常用于否定句和疑 问句asked for nothing beyond peace and quiet.除平安和平静夕卜无所求晚于、迟于，到以后Don't stay there beyond midnight.不要过了午夜还留在那儿。在向.的那边，在之外The road is beyond that hill.路在山的那一边。Just beyond the f

9、ence就在篱笆那边13block（大）块；（大） 片；街区1、阻塞；堵住，阻 挡（vt）The police have blocked the road.警察已经封锁了道路。block outlight阻挡光线 trees that block the view2、 障碍物；阻塞（n）a block in the pipes 管道阻塞to put up a road block 设置路障14book书预定You'll have to book up early.你要早一点订座。The secretary hasbooked the manager in at the Hilton H

10、otel.秘书已经在希尔顿大酒店为经理预定了房间。15build建造，建筑体格；体型We re of the same build.我们体型相同 a man of strong build体格健壮的人16busines s商业，买卖，交 易,生意,商店，商行He has a business in the town. 他在城里有一家商店。run / operate/manage a business营业in business; on business职责；本分It's a teacher's business to make children learn.使学生学习是老师的责任

11、。事情，事物Mind your own business.It's none of your business.17capital首都，首都的1、资本；资金； 资方；The Smith Company has a capital of $ 30.000.史密斯公司有 3 万美 元的资本。2、大写字母 大写的（字母）capital letters 大写字母Write your name in capitals. 用大写字母写你的名字。18charge收费，索价（vt）费用（n）主管，负责1、指控（v /n）He was charged with stealing a car. 他被指控偷

12、 了辆汽车。(chargesb. with sth ; 类似 accuse sb. of sth) a charge of stealing偷窃罪的指控2、猛冲；攻击；向 前冲The boy charged into the room.男孩冲进屋里。Suddenly the wildanimal charged at us.突然那头野兽朝我们冲过来。Charge the enemy向敌人发起冲锋3、充电、装（满，I 料，charge a gun with powder用火药填满炮19coin硬币1、造币；铸币The government has decided to coin more one

13、-yuan pieces.政府决定再 铸造一些一元的硬币。coin gold.铸造金币2、杜撰设计（新单 词或短语）Do not coin terms that are intelligible to nobody.不要生造谁也不懂的词语。3、coin （adj.）投 币式的（操作需要一 块或多块金属币 的）；自助式的a coin washing machine.投币洗衣机20collect.收集1、收（租，税，帐 等）；募（捐）collect the electricity fee 收取电费。collect taxes.收税 collect (raise) money募集资金2、领取（信件等

14、）；接 走（人、物）Today it is his turn to collect the children from school in the community. 今天该轮到他把孩子们从社区学校接回去。3、使镇静；集中（思 想等）The old lady tried to collect her thoughts but she was too excited." 老太 太力图镇定下来，但是太激动了。 "Before you begin to make a speech, you should collect your thoughts and ideas.在你开始讲

15、话之前， 你应 当集中你的思想和意念。collect one's emotions.镇定情绪 collectoneself心平气和，平心静气，镇定一下21company公司，1、陪伴、伴侣He kept me company. 他陪彳我。in the company of 在.陪同下 I had no company on the journey. 我在旅行中没有同伴。22contentn.内容，容量， 目录，满足（toone'sheart'scontent心满意足 adj.满足的，满 意的，愿意1、使满意或满 足vt.Nothing contents her, she

16、 is always complaining. 没有什么能使她满 意，她总是抱怨。 contented himself with one piece of cake.(他)吃了 一块蛋糕非常地满足2、含量the content of silver in a ton of ore 一吨矿砂中银的含量23corner角落，（街道）拐 角处，把-难住；使走投无 路The dog cornered the rat.狗把老鼠逼到一个角落。24count数数，计算（count down1、依靠，依赖（on）You can count on my help.你可以依赖我的帮助倒计时）2、认为；视为；看 作c

17、ount it an honor (to do sth.)(把做某事)引以为荣3、有价值；重要； 有用Every second counts.每一秒钟都很重要。You really count with me.对我来说你确实很重要25cover盖子，封面 覆盖1、占（时间或空 间）)The town covers 5 square miles.小镇占地 5 平方英里。2、走完（一段路 程）I want to cover 100 miles by dark.我想在天黑之前走完100英里3、行新闻采访cover a fire for a newspaper 为寸艮纸采访失火的新闻4、够付（费用）

18、足以抵补补偿These expenses are covered by the state.这些费用者B由国家负担。 cover the loss弥补损失5、包括；包含；论 及The review covered everything we learned last term.这次复习包括上学期我们所学的全部课程。6、看完（多少页书）cover fifty pages in 15 minutes26crazy疯狂的；精神错 乱的；蠢的着迷的；狂热的She's crazy about dancing.她热衷于跳舞。be crazy about over热衷于，醉心于 ；爱上，迷恋着补充：

19、like crazy mad 口发疯似地;拼命地;猛烈地 They were running around like crazy.他们拚命地跑着27date日期起始于（某时期）； 属于（某时期）date back to /date from男女之间的）约会； 约会的对象；与约 会She is my date.她跟我有约会。have a date with sb./date with sb.28develoP发展，形成，研 制，开发冲洗（胶片、相片等）develop films /photos 冲洗胶卷29draw画图吸引；拉；抽；平局（vi. vt. & n ）draw a curta

20、in across a window 把窗帘拉上draw a sword 拔出刀 draw water from the well从井中把水抽出来 draw a lesson吸取教训draw 20dollars from the bank 从银行提取 20 美元 draw a conclusion 引 出、得出结论draw one's attention (to)弓1起某人注意 The street accident drew a big crowd.马路上的事故吸引了一大群人。The game was drawn上匕赛打成了 平局。The teams draw.两队不分胜负。The

21、game ended in a draw.比赛不分胜负 (平局；不分胜负)30due与to连用due to 因为；由引起； 由于1、预定到达Their plane is due in 15 minutes.他们的飞机预定在15分钟后到达预期的Your report is due tomorrow. 你的报告应于明天交。2、（票据等）到期的， 应付给的a bill due today 今天应付款的帐单When is the rent due?房租应于何时支付。3、应有的，应得的， 正当的give due consideration to 给于应有的考虑A great deal of money

22、is due to you.这一大笔款是你应得的。31employ雇用1、使采、利用employ force使用武力Why didn't you employ the new method?你们为什么不采用那个新方法呢？She employs her time wisely.她善于利用时间。 （employas 把.用作）32enter进入；加入；登录，计回车使进加入enter （oneselfsb.） for（替.）报名参加写下或输入We entered our names in the guest book;我们在来客名薄上写下姓名； enter the data into the

23、 computer.把数据输入电月值33equal平等的；相等的； 等于(vt)1、胜任的John is quite equal to the job of running the office.约翰很能胜任主理这 个办事处的工作。2、比得上(vt)None of us can equal her.没人比得上她。34exercis e练习；锻炼(v /n)运用(权力)等(v / n)exercise one s'right 运用 自 己的权利1exercise one s Intelligence to solve the problem。 运用智慧解决问题35exploit剥削(v)

24、开发，开采exploit a mine 开矿 to exploit the oil under the sea 开发海底石油利用(v)exploit every opportunity利用每一个机会36express表达,表不1、快速的；快递的an express train2、快车(= expresstrain)快递服务；快件服务the No. 12 special express to Beijing开往北京的12次特快3、快速地；用快递方式地advto sent the parcel express 包裹寄快件37fair公平的(adj.)(肤色)白皙的，(头 发)金黄的(天气)晴 朗的

25、fair skin.白皙的皮肤fair hair.金发 fair skies.晴朗的天空集市商品展览会；商品交易会village fair农村集市trade fair商品交易会 industrial fair工业博览会adv公平地；公正诚实地You must play fair.你必须公正处事。你必须公平地比赛。38figure数字，人像；画 像；图；图表人物the great figures of history 历史上的伟大人物领会，懂得We must figure out how to solve the problem.我们必须想出解决这个问题的办法。I couldn't fi

26、gure out who the lady with the sunglasses was.我想不出那位戴墨镜的夫人是谁。（figure out算出；了解）He figured the whole scheme at once.他马上就懂得了整个计划。推测，判断，估计I figure he'll be back soon.我估计他很快会回来。2、步行We'll foot it我们将步行去。2、与时常交往I know him, but I don't frequent him much. 我认识他,但不常往来。39game比赛，游戏，竞 赛，复运动会猎物，野味（不可数）L

27、ions and elephants are called big game when they are hunted.被追捕的 狮和象称为大猎物。40gift赠品，礼物，天赋，才能He has a gift for poetry. 他有做诗的天赋。 a man of many gifts 多才多艺的人41grade等级；级别；年 级1、成绩；分数He always got high grades in school.他在学校里总是得高分。2、分等，分级（vt.）to grade the cotton 给棉花分等These apples have been graded according t

28、o size and quality.这些苹果 已经按照大小和质量分了等级。补充：He graduated in history.他毕业于历史专业。He graduated with honors.他以优异成绩毕业。He was has been graduated from Oxford in the class of 1978.他是牛津大学1978届毕业生。（授予学位，准予毕业）42hold拿着，握着召开， 举行；使身体保持某种姿势Hold yourself still.身体不要动。抑制；控制to hold one's breath 屏住气容纳；装The room can hold

29、 twenty people. 这屋子可容下 20 个人。How much water does the jug hold?那罐子能盛多少水 ？占有；占据；坚守to hold a position 坚守阵地拥有，持有（金钱、 土地、职位等）hold an important position at the bank. 在这家银行里担任个重要的 职务。My husband and I hold conflicting opinions on this matter." 对于这件事 , 我和丈夫的意见相左。保持；继续"Hold the line, please."请不

30、要挂断电话机！Do you think the good weather can hold?你认为好天气能持续下去吗 ？认为，以为I hold it for certain.我以为那是确实的。We hold that no country should interfere in the internal affairs of other countries.我们认为一国不应干涉他国的内政。hold to be 拘留，扣留held the suspect for questioning.拘留嫌疑犯以待审讯2、熟悉She has a good knowledge of London.她对伦敦的情形

31、很熟悉。43land陆地；土地， （使）登陆， （使）登岸，（使）着陆；国家war between lands国与国之间的战争捕（鱼）抓住或钓上（鱼）land a big catfish.钓上一条大鱼占鱼（非正式）搞到，捞 至IJ,获得，取得land a well-paid job;找到一份收入很高的工作land a contract with aJapanese firm揽到一份与一家日本公司的合同44late迟的，晚（期）的（adj/ adv）1、已故的 前任的the late doctor已故的医生the late president 前任总统the late government 上届

32、政府 his late wife他已亡故的妻子2、新近的，最近的the late news最近的新闻the late earthquake 最近的地震3、不久前、新近（adv）I saw Mr. Wang as late as yesterday.就在昨天我还看见过王先生。补充:1、of late 近来 feel better of late.最近感觉好多了 2、latest （late的最高级）：最后的、最近的、最新的latest newsat （the ） latest 至迟、最迟 3、later （on）以后、后来45last最后的，最末的； 紧接前面的；刚 过去的（adj） 最后（的人

33、、东 西）；最后，上次1、vi.持续，延续，维持；耐久The festival lasted two days.节日持续了 两天。This cloth lasts well.这种布很耐穿。2、够用、使得以维 持（vt）The food will last us another week.食品够我们再吃一星期。3、最不可能的least likely or expected )； 最不适当的，最不合 适的 (the leastdesirable or suitable)the last person we would have suspected.我们最不可能怀疑的人the last man fo

34、r the job.对这项工作最不合适的人46lead领导，引导， 铅1、通往（向）（to）The path leads to the village.这条小路通到那村庄。1、 导致（to）lead to the thief being caught2、 在比赛中）领先After the first half of the race I was leading.跑了一半赛程后我领先了She was in the lead during the race.她在赛跑中领先。3、过（生活）He led a hard life.他的日子过得很苦。4、榜样，带头take the lead in ever

35、ything47leave离开，动身；留 下，把（落） 遗忘在某地； 把交付（委托） 给1、使-处于某种状 态leave the work undone 丢下工作不干leave him an orphan 使他成为孤儿leave him sad 使他伤心leave the raincoat hanging behind the door 让雨衣挂在门后 leave sb. in the dark不让某人知道2、听任leave him there让他呆在那里吧。 leave it as it is 让它保持原样。I will leave you to do as you like. 你爱做什么就

36、做什么。3、准休假，假期（不 可数）ask for leave 请假ask for two days' leave(take two days off)请两天假be on leave在度假；在假期中grant / give sb a leave准某人的假(此处冠词为特殊用法)48lift举起,.升高，提 高；英电梯；吊 车1、免费搭乘，搭便 车He gave me a lift to the station in his car.他让我搭他的汽车去火车 站。2、窃取（尤指小件 物品）；抄袭，从已 发表的东西上照抄、 剽取（观点、文章等）He was caught lifting mak

37、e-up in the supermarket.Many of his ideas were lifted from other authors.他的许多见解者 B 是从其他作家那里剽窃来的。49line绳；线，路线， 线路；排，列（n）;（使）排列，排队（v）1、运输公司an airline 航空公司a shipping line 海运公司（pl）台词spend the weekend learning her lines.利用熟记她的台词短信；便条I'll drop you a line.我会留个便条给你50lesson功课，（一节）课，pl.课程教训teach sb. a les

38、son给某人以教训earn one's lesson 得至 U教训 be a lesson to X:L.是一个教训51live生活，居住， 实况地，实况转 播的，adj.活的live animals.活着的动物live shrimps 活虾live表此意仅用于修饰动物、家禽、鱼等。live broadcast 现场直播52major较大的，主要的， 重要的美口 主修，专攻He majors in physics.他主修物理。专业学生He is a history major.他是主修历史的学生大学主修科目53manner态度，举止方法；方式；样子；（艺术、文学的）风格，手法54mas

39、s块；团；堆大多 数，大量1、群众the masses群众,民众2、群众的，大规模的mass education 大众教育；mass production.大规模生产补充：a mass of = masses of 许多/大量 55match比赛，火柴1、 匹配、匹敌（vi / vt）The color of the shirt does not match that of the coat.衬衫的颜色与上衣 不相配。The curtains do not match with the decoration.窗帘与室内装璜 不相配。I'm ready to match my stren

40、gth with against yours. 我准备和 你较量较量。These two are well matched in strength.他们俩势均力敌。2、对手；相似的人 物相配的人物You are no match for him. 你不是他的对手。find meet one's match遇到X:寸手,棋逢对手best match 最佳匹配 The blue shirt and gray tie are a good match. 蓝衬 衫与灰领带很谐调。补充：strike a match划一根火柴56matter事件，问题1、物质（不可数）Matter exists

41、in three states: solid, liquid and gas.物质以三种状态存在 固态、液态和气态。2、pl.事态，情况That's how matters stand.目前情况就是这样。3、有问题的，有毛 病的（与the连用）I have no idea what is the matter.There is nothing the matter with it. (the matter = wrong)4、有关系，有重要 性，要紧（vi）What matters most is that you should have confidence in yourself.

42、1 卜充：as a matter of fact ; a matter of time57mean意思是、意味着; 意欲/想要；意指吝啬的；小气的；卑鄙 的be mean with money 花钱小气 be mean about/ over 在 方面很小气 a mean motive.卑鄙的动机（因能力、命运等） 注定I believe he is meant to be a soldier.我相信他天生是要当军人的。用意（v）He means ill /well to me.他对我怀有好意/恶意.关系重大；重要My friends mean a lot to me.我的朋友对我来说非常重要

43、。方法、手段（means, 单复数同形）Every means has been tried, All means have been tried.by means of .； by this / these means1、be meant to 必须；得要 You are meant to leave a tip.你得留下小费。2、by all means当然；当然可以3、by no means并没有； 绝不：By no means should this remark be taken lightly. 这次讲话绝不能等闲 视之58measure尺寸，量度的单 位；量具；量器； 测量，1、

44、措施；办法They took strong measures against dangerous drivers. 他们对危害公众 的司机采取强硬的措施。take measures to do sth / about sth2、斟酌，权衡She works hard and doesn't measure the cost to her health. 她工作勤恳 并不考虑身体代价。He measures his words with caution.他仔细斟酌着字句The room measures five metres across.这房间有五米宽。be measured in

45、feet 用英尺量make sth to ones own measure59monito r班长监听器，监视器，监 控器；计显示器air monitor空气监测器.监控（v）monitor an examination 监考 monitor the enemy's radio broadcasts 监听 敌方的电台广播60must必须肯定必需的东西；必须做的事warm clothes are a must in the mountains. 住山里必须备有厚衣服。61nail指甲，钉，钉子vt.钉，将钉牢He nailed the picture to the wall.把画钉在墙上

46、。62narrow狭窄的；狭隘的vi变窄vt.使变狭窄，使缩小勉强的；险胜的a narrow victory 险胜a narrow escape死里逃生/侥幸逃脱63nature自然， 自然界本性，天性；特性good nature好心肠，温和的性格，好脾气human nature人性64note笔记；记录 注释；短笺；便 条；纸币；钞票； 音调；音符 口气；调子记下The pupil noted what the teacher said.学生记下了老师的话。注意（到）Please note that this bill must be paid within 10 days.请注意这张账单必

47、须在10天之内付清。名望，显要a man of note有名望的人,名人补充：noted adj.著名的 compare notes交流经验； 交换意见 of note 著名的；重要的compare notes交换意见；对笔记65object物体，目标，宾 语,对象反对（与to连用）strongly object to developing private cars. 强烈反对发展私人小汽车。object to the proposal.反对这个提议。The general public objects to theuse of drugs.大众反对使用毒品。66operate动手术，开刀 (

48、operate on sb/ sth)操作operate a computer / machine（机器）工作、运转The lift doesn't operate properly.67order命令；吩咐；次 序；秩序；整齐， 有条不紊定购;预定order sth by mailorder books by telephoneYou'd better order a taxi.你最好还是去预定一辆出租汽车。点（菜）；叫（菜） 正常（工作）状态，What drinks shall we order?我们叫什么饮料？The telephone's out of orde

49、r.电话机坏了。 in (good) order68owe欠，欠债1、感恩；感激We owe our parents a lot.我们十分感激父母。I owe you for your help.我感谢你的帮助。2、（常与to连用）归 功于She owes her success to good luck. 她把成功归功于幸运。The youngwriter owed his success to his teacher's encouragement.年轻作家把自己的成功归于他老师的鼓励。3.欠钱The food cost £4 , but I only paid 

50、3; 3 so I still owe £ 1.食品要 4 英 镑，可我只付了 3英镑，因此我还欠1英镑。I owe you an apology.我该向你道歉。owe sb. some money69park1、停放（车辆）；停 车Please park your car in the parking lot and hike in." 请把车停在外面停 车场，步行进去。"No permission to park!不准停车！No parking here.此处禁止停车。2、停车场car park停（汽）车处3、区，地区industrial park工业区（一般

51、在郊区）70passage（演讲、文章、 音乐等的）一节， 一段1、通行；通过The wooden bridge is not strong enough to allow the passage of lorries."这座木桥不够坚固，载重货车不能通行。2、（狭窄的）通道； 走廊wait in the passage 在走廊等候 air passage气路,空气道71perfor m表演；演（剧）履行，执行，完成perform one's duties/promise/contract履行职责/诺言/合同perform a task完成/执行一项任务表现He perfor

52、ms well.他表现很好。72picnic（自带食品的）野 餐，郊游去郊游，去野餐My family often picnicked in the woods last year.( 注意 picnic 的过去式 与过去分词以及现在分词的构成：picnicked/ picnicking)73picture.画，图画，照片1、 想象I can't picture myself as a mother.我无法想象自己做母亲。She picturedherself at school in a foreign country. 她想象自 己在国夕卜上学。It is hard to pict

53、ure life 200 years ago.很难想象200年前人们的生活。2、（生动地）描绘、 描述picture one's suffering during the war 生动描述了战争中的苦难。74plain平原；旷野1、平坦的the plain field 平野2、简单的、朴素的the plain food/meal/living/clothes清淡的食物/便饭/朴素的生活/便服3、清楚的；明白的in plain English讲简单的英语4、坦率的；实话实 说的in plain words 坦白地说 plain talk.开诚布公的交谈75plant植物；种植工厂chem

54、ical plant 化工厂 power plant 发电厂 ship-building plant 造船厂76post邮寄，邮政；投 寄；邮报贴出；张贴（常与up 连用）The names of the members of the team will be posted up today. 队员名 单将于今天张榜公布。柱子、桩子a row of fence posts 一排篱笆桩岗位、职务、哨所leave / quit one's post离开岗位 stick to one's post坚守岗位77practic e练习；实践（n/v）作为该意义的名词是不可数）惯例，习惯做法a common practice 通常做法an international practice 国际惯例习惯it was the practice这就是当时的习惯the practice of going to bed late 晚睡的习惯the practice to do sth做某事的习惯 make a practice of养成 习惯78produc e生产，制造提出；拿出；出示to produce one's ticket 出示票