英语语法专有名词中英文对照说法

1、英语语法专有名词中英文对照说法最近有同学反应，上外教课时，有些语法问题要和老师沟通，却不知道一些语法专有名词的英文怎么说，于是，只能用一大串英语来描述一个专有名词。例如，同学想问形容词的用法时，不会形容词”的英语说法，只好把问题这么描述 ：“Whatare the rules of thewords that are used to describe a pers on or thing?”其实，the words that are used to describe a person or thing 指的就是形容词 ,形容词的英文说法是“ adjective有鉴于此，现在把英文语法的专有名词

2、说法，整理如下，同学花个几分钟的时间把他们记起来，下次再想问外教语法问题时，就不用那么麻烦啰！中文英文全称及缩写中文英文全称及缩写名词Noun (n.)时态Ten se代词Pronoun (pron.)一般式Simple tense形容词Adjective (adj./a.)进行式Progressive tense动词Verb (v.)完成式Perfect tense数词Numeral (nu m.)完成进行式Perfect Progressive tense副词Adverb (adv./ad.)现在时Prese nt tense冠词Article (atr.)过去时Past tense介词P

3、repositi on (prep.)将来时Future tense连词Conjunction (conj.)过去将来时Past future tense感叹词In terjecti on (in terj.)标点符号Pu nctuation Mark词法Morphology句号(.)Period (full stop)句法Syn tax问号(?)Questi on mark句子成分Members of theSentence惊叹号Exclamati on mark主语Subject逗号(,)Comma谓语Predicate分号(;)Semico Ion表语Predicative冒号(:)Co

4、lo n宾语Object引号(“” ,?)Quotati on marks补语Compleme nt破折号(-)Dash定语Attributive省略号()Dots (ellipsis)状语Adverbial括号()Paren theses (brackets)同位语Appositive斜号(/)Slash短语Phrase顿号(、)Slight-pause mark从句Clause缩写号(,)Apostrophe常用英语语法术语表达语法 grammar句法syn tax词法morphology结构structure层次rank句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类part o

5、f speech单词word实词 notional word虚词structural word单纯词simple word派生词derivative 复合词compound 词性 part of speech 名词 noun 专有名词 proper noun 不可数名词uncountable noun物质名词 material noun 介词 preposition连词序数词 ordinal numeral 及物动词 tran sitive verb助动词 auxiliary verb 短语动词 phrasal verb 非限定动词 infin ite verb 动态动词 event verb

6、 副词adverb方式副词时间副词 adverb of time 连接性副词 conju net 代词 pronoun普通名词 com mon noun可数名词 coun table扌由象名词abstract noun具体名词concrete集体名词 collective noun个体名词 in dividual nounconjunction数词 numeral 基数词 cardinal分数词 fractional numeral动词 verb 主动词 main不及物动词 intran sitive verb系动词 link verb限定动词 finite verbnounnounverb使

7、役动词 causative verb 感官动词 verb of sen ses静态动词 state verb 感叹词adverb of manner程度副词地点副词 adverb of place疑问畐U词 in terrogative adverb情态动词 modal verb规则动词不规则动词 irregular verb 反身代词 reflexive pronoun 疑问代词 interrogative pronoun 关系代词 relative pronoun 物主代词 possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possessive pronoun形容词性物主

8、代词adjectival possessive pronoun不定冠词 in defi nite article 限定动词 fin ite verb form 从句 clause 从属句 subord in ate clause 定语从句 attributive clauseexclamati on形容词 adjectiveadverb of degree修饰性副词 adju net关系副词 relative adverbregular verbi物主代词 possessive pronounmodal verb人称代词 personal pronoun相互代词 reciprocal pron

9、oun指示代词 dem on strative pronoun不定代词 indefinite pronoun冠词 article 定冠词 definite article 单数形式 sin gular form 复数形式 plural form 非限定动词non-finite verb form原形 base form并列句 状语从句主语从句 subject clause 同位语从句时间状语从句 方式状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句adverbial clause of timeadverbial clause of manneradverbial clause of causeadver

10、bial clause of purposecoord in ate clause adverbial clause appositive clause地点状语从句 让步状语从句 结果状语从句条件状语从句名词从句 nominal clause 宾语从句 object clauseadverbial clause of placeadverbial clause of concessionadverbial clause of resultadverbial clause of con diti on真实条件状语从句 非真实条件状语从句含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of impl

11、ied con diti on 错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed con diti on句子 sentence简单句 simple sentence 并列句 compound sentence 并列复合句compo und complex sentenceadverbial clause of real con diti onadverbial clause of un real con diti on复合句 complex sentence陈述句 declarative sentence疑问句 interrogative sentence般疑问句 general

12、 question选择疑问句alter native questi on反义疑问句 disjunctive questi on感叹疑问句exclamatory questio n肯定句 positive sentence 基本句型 basic sentence pattern 祈使句 imperative sentence 省略句 elliptical sentenceexistential sentence特殊疑问句 special questi on 附加疑问句 tag question 修辞疑问句 rhetorical questio n 存在句否定句negative sentenceo

13、bjectin direct objectcompleme nt定语并列双宾语 dual object复合宾语 主补attribute coord in atecomplex object subject compleme nt 同位语 appositivecom mon case 性 gender 人称 pers on 时态 tense宾语 间接宾语 补语表语 predicative syn tactic relati on ship modificati on前置修饰 pre-modificati on 双重限制 double-restricti on 单数形式 singular form

14、复数形式 plural form格case普通格宾格 objective case中性 n euter第三人称 third personpast future con ti nu ous tenseprese nt simple tensefuture simple tenseprese nt perfect tenseprese nt con ti nu ous tensefuture con ti nu ous tense限制 restriction数 number不规则形式 irregular form 主格 nominative case femi nine 通性 com mon 第二

15、人称 sec ond pers on 过去将来进行时> 一般现在时 一般将来时 过去完成时 现在进行时 将来进行时感叹句 exclamatory sentence 句子成分 members of sentences 主语 subject 谓语 predicate 直接宾语 direct object 同源宾语 cog nate object 宾补 object complement 状语adverbial 句法关系 从属 subord ination 修饰 后置修饰 post-modificatio n 非限制 non-restrict ion 规则形式 regular form 所有格

16、 possessive case 阳性masculi ne阴性第一人称 first person过去将来时 past future tense 过去将来完成时past future perfect tensepast simple tense past perfect tense future perfect tense past continu ous tense一般过去时 现在完成时 将来完成时 过去进行时 过去将来进行时past future continuous tense 现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense语态 voice主动语态 acti

17、ve voice陈述语气 indicative mood否定 negation局部否定 partial n egati onn atural order倒装语序 inversion直接弓丨语 direct speech语气 mood虚拟语气 subjun ctive mood 全部否定full negation语序order 自然语序咅 B分倒装 partial inversion过去完成进行时past perfect continu ous tensepassive voice imperative mood scope of n egati on shift of negation full inversionin direct speech 自由直接引语 free direct speech 自由间接引语free in direct speech被动语态 祈使语气 否定范围 转移否定 全部倒装 间接引语一致 agreement 主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement 语法一致 grammatical agreement 概念一致 notional agreement就近原贝U principle of proximity强调 emphasis语调 tone文体style正式文体forma