往年高考英语真题分类汇编：专题阅读理解之阅读新题型含解析

1、专题十七阅读理解之阅读新题型1.【2015 北京卷】第二节（共 5小题；每小题 2分。共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入 空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。This Way to DreamlandDaydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what happen

2、ing around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy._71_They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. _72_ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have with

3、out such ideas and inventions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?First, understand that some opportunities帆会）for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams._73_ And

4、if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you re daydreaminge, try to do it whiyou are involved in another task preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.It s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those tim

5、es when you really need to concentrate.“ng Mindfulnessfocused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep._74_Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.75_Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in th

6、e clouds.A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves.C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn' t have relatively, Coke oPost-it notes.D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.E. It involves slow,

7、steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.G. Therefore, itF. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.'sdegookeep a notebook or voice recordernearby when you ' inrehe daydream zone.【解析】试题分析；文章说明了旧

8、日做梦以象事宗上有很有助于创造性思维的开虹”第一段说的是大众印象中的白日做梦有哪些弊端,选项在文章前后句中起到段内逻辑连接的作用。故选 Bo以.本段话峰T专说到了白日做孽其实有着很多的好处电选项前后依然是顺承关系，故选J门.本选项中的it指代前句的动名词曲语Ming safe and relaxed,解题线索明显口散选E.4本段主要讲如何避免不合时宜的白日做梦,且选项印有also为提示词事故选以.：.乃.本选项中有逻辑词亡可为做题线索之一|前句讲好的想法随附会出现，所以选带个本子随时记， 合情合理。故选G。【考点定位】生活类短文阅读【名师点睛】本文是七选五常考的建议类说明文，第1、 2 自然段

9、为概念的提出及导入，第3 段明确了下文的内容：如何在“白日做梦”中趋利避害。 文章结构清晰，干扰选项较易排除，整体难度不大，文章的主题“如何培养创新的想法”，除了理解整篇文章及选项外还要注意文章中的副词，代词，逻辑连接词以及特殊概念名词的出现。文章结构清晰，可读性强，提示词明显。因此，日常练习中要侧重以抓住文章结构及段落主旨为主，兼顾辨析选项，尤其是根据核心词排除干扰项的做题技巧。学生需要遵循先易后难的原则，来提高正确率。2.【2015 江苏】任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分,满分10 分 ）请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意 : 请将答案写在答题

10、卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want of better names, we shall call these two classesimmediate reward and dela

11、yed reward.In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters,sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, educatio

12、n, and health.News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh un

13、derstandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, f

14、alling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of“ threat value.” It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects n

15、ews of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A c

16、oach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wifereads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thou

17、ghtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individual' s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divi

18、de the experience between the two kinds of reward.What news stories do you read?Division ofnews stories People expect to get (71) A. from reading news. News stories are roughly divided into two classes. Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won' t.(72)Aofthe two classes News

19、 of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual (7达. Readers will associatethemselves closely with what happens in the news stories and (74' similar feelings with those involved. News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or present a (75

20、) A to them. News of delayed reward will induce the reader to (76)A for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to (77)上 from the reality.Unstableboundariesof the two classes What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their (78幺. Serious readers will both get

21、 excited over what happens in some news stories and (79)A themselves to the reality. Thus, the division, on the whole, (80)4 on the reader.71. rewards/rewarded72. Explanations73. involvement 74. share75 threat76 prepare77 withdraw78 profession（s）/intention79 adapt80 depends【解析】试题分析：文章结合弗洛伊德心理学理论，分析了

22、不同人群对新闻报道的接受习惯和反应特征，从新闻类别、读者反应、异类互渗等角度考察了考生在信息检索、内容归纳、语言结构等方面的知识与能力。难度较14 年有所下降，重点考查考察信息转换题，涉及词性和词义转换，学生“有据可循”，归纳概括题比例明显下降。71 信息查找题。根据“People select news in expectation of areward. This reward may be either of two kinds.“ 可知止匕处填 rewards/rewarded "得到回报/被奖励”。72.信息归纳题。文章二、三、四段是对a immediate reward

23、（即 时回报）”和“ delayed reward （迟来的回报）”的解释。73信息转换题。根据第三段第二句“A reader can enjoy anindirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved”. 可知此处填involvement “参与”。74信息归纳题。根据第三段中“A reader can enjoy an indirectexperience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an

24、 axe-murder laugh understanding at a warm little story of children or dogs. ”可知读者会将自己和新闻故事中发生的事紧紧联系在一起，和参与者有相似的感受。因此此处填share “同样有”。75 信息查找题。根据第四段中“ It sometimes requires the readerto tolerate unpleasantness or annoyanceas, for example, whenhe reads of the threatening foreign situationTt has a kind o

25、f'threat value.' " 可知此处填 threat “威胁”。76信息转换题。根据第四段中“It is read so that the reader maybe informed and prepared.“ 可知止匕处填 prepare,与后面的介词 for搭配"为做准备”。77 信息查找题。根据第四段中“ When he selects news of the otherkind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream worl

26、d.” 此处填 withdraw “退出，离开”。78归纳概括题。根据最后一段中“For example, a sociologistmayA coach mayA politician may”可知读者对新闻故事 的期待很大程度上受他们职业的影响。此处填profession(s) “职业” /intention “意图，动机”。79信息查找题。根据第四段中“When a reader selectsdelayedreward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt h

27、imself only by hard work. ”可知此处填 adapt “使适应”。80 归纳概括题。根据最后一段中“ while the division of categoriesholds in general, an individual s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.” 可知这一分类取决于读者个体。此处填depends,和后面的介词 on搭配“取决于”。【

28、考点定位】任务型阅读。【名师点睛】任务型阅读一般的解题思路可归纳为四步曲，即“审题”-“略读”-“边细读边解题”-“复核”。“审题”， 即看清题目及要求，做到有的放矢，心中有数。“略读”，指 的是快速阅读、掌握大意。了解阅读材料的文体，作者的观点 和态度。“边细读边解题”，指通过细读题目和文章中相关信 息完成指定任务。考生应注意表格前的小标题，它通常是段落 和表格的主题句，有助于理解文章。理解表格设计，表格一般 包括列标题和行标题，通过阅读这些标题和表格里的内容，可 迅速了解表格的结构和表格的设计原理，同时也可缩小信息范 围，确定考查内容。根据已填的内容来推断所填之词的形式，是单词或词组。填写

29、答案时要注意与已填部分的形式保持一 致。同时要注意时态、语态、句式等。“复核”即检查核对初 步完成的所要求的任务。注意拼写是否正确以及大小写等。3.【2015广东】信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10 分）请阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答 题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。首先阅读下列活动介绍：A.B.A Night of Glamor and Intrigue atShanghai Bund in 1930To celebrate Asia heritage month, TrendyNew York is proud to present “ Cheongsam

30、 Night out-A date withCheongsam beauties in Shanghai Bund 1930 ” .May 16, 9:00 PM-May 17, 12:00 AM. EDT330 West 40th Street, New York. NY10018Picking Partners-NEW YORKFeaturing adaptations from Chinese and Western classic, including works from Chinese Academy Award-winning composer Tan Dun, the Beij

31、ing Guitar Duo teamed up with Cuban guitarvirtuoso Manuel Barrueco (right) for a China West Concert at the New York Historical Society on April 23.C.D.Heroes of History: Legacy of My ChineseFamilyGreat shorts-NEW YORKA photography exhibition held byHAN Media to celebrate itsJoin us as actress Tina C

32、hen recounts the fascinating story of three generations of her mother ' s family and theircontributions to the history of China.Friday, May 8, 6:30PM-7:30PMChina Institute125 East 65th Street, New York, NY10065founding in New York City on April 24, featuring three emerging Chinese photographers;

33、 Yingxi Michael Shi, Haiyin Lin and Liming Guan, whose works have appeared in publications such as Vogue, ELLE, The New York Times and others.E.F.Forbidden delights-NEW YORKThe first session of the China Institute inAmerica short course Beijing: The CityThrough Its Architecture opens onPassing on th

34、e Kunqu Art: FromMaster to DisciplesKunqu Society, the classicaltheater which combines singing,Wednesday. Nancy S. Steinhardt discussesdancing and acting to literary worksthe Forbidden City and Beijing imperial architecture.by masters of Ming and Qing Dynasties, performing introduces four signature

35、plays of Kunqu Master Jiqing Zhang to Americanaudiences.Sunday, April 19, 2:00PM, ESTMiller Theatre at ColumbiaUniversity 2960 Broadway, New York, NY 10027请根据以下人物介绍选择他们可能参加的活动:46. Edward Leonardo Norton, connoisseur of Chinese and Japanese antiques. He has a strong interest in classical Chinese lite

36、rary works. He even starts going to evening classes to learn classical Chinese at Columbia University.47. Daphne Sui-yuan Tan, former director of National Association of Photographers. After reading some history books on how the first group of Chinese immigrants survived in America of the 19th centu

37、ry, she has become keen on her own family history and that of others.48. Sharon Collins, pop singer and amateur photographer. Her marriage with a serious music critic has drawn her to his world, so she is now crazy about classical music and will not miss any chance to attend a concert with her husba

38、nd.49. Michelle Higgins, eminent photographer and columnist for quite a few internationally-known travel magazines. Recently, she has shown great interest in photo exhibits which feature young artists with Islamic or Chinese background.50. Caroline Hugo, famous writer and influential movie critic. L

39、ast year her fantasy story which involved the mysterious Forbidden City received critical acclaim. Now she is conceiving a romance that has Shanghai of the 1930s as the setting.【解析】试题分析：46. F 根据 Edward Leonardo Norton 对于中国的古典文学作品感兴趣， 并且去上夜校来学习古典汉语。选项 F 叙述的是KunquSociety是中国古典的戏院，把唱歌、跳舞和中国文学作品联系起来。这正符合

40、Edward Leonardo Norton 的要求，故选F。47. C根据Daphne Sui-yuan Tan对于自己的以及其他人的家族历 史感兴趣。选项 C叙述的是legacy of my Chinese Family关于 家族的历史，这正符合 Daphne Sui-yuan Tan的要求，故选 C。48. B根据Sharon Collins是一名歌手和业余摄影师，她对于古典音乐非常感兴趣，她不错过参加音乐会的任何机会。选项B叙述的是Picking partners将在4月23日召开音乐会，这正符合 Edward Leonardo Norton 的要求，故选B。49. D 根据 Mich

41、elle Higgins 对于摄影展非常感兴趣。选项D 叙述的是一次摄影展在4 月 24日在纽约举行，这正符合EdwardLeonardo Norton 的要求，故选D 。50. E 根据 Caroline Hugo 写过关于紫禁城一个故事，选项E 叙述的是 Forbidden Delights 要讨论关于紫禁城的城市。【考点定位】信息匹配。【名师点睛】本题介绍了这5 个人有不同的爱好和需求，广告栏中介绍不同的活动情况及各自的联系方式，为不同的人找到 他们可能需要参加的活动，此题主要考查学生的语篇理解的能 力，以及查读所需信息的能力。4.【2015 陕西】第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10

42、分） 根据短文内容，从下框的AF选项中选由能概括每一段主题的 最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余 项。A. The mistaken beliefB. The need for toleranceC. Unpunctuality at dinnersD. Punctuality and confidenceE. Self-discipline and punctualityF. Avoid anxiety by being punctual61. AThere is the belief that, if you arrive at an appointment late,

43、 you will be considered important. This is a mistaken view. Being unpunctual, we are not respectful of others ; we are interfering 优 舌 L）with another man's time. We must realise that keeping appointments or being punctual is a contract that is silently agreed and we are expected to respect this

44、contract. It is only natural that we lose faith, trust and confidence in a person who is tardy延迟的）.62. ETo be punctual one has to have self-discipline 自律），and the lack of it affects others. A school boy or girl is unpunctual because he or she does not have the necessary human virtue of self-discipli

45、ne. It is also a mark of disrespect for a system or an institution. Unpunctual people seldom realise that their habit cause problems to others. A salesman who is not punctual may not make a sale if he arrives late for an appointment. If one is late for a job interview, it is not likely that he will

46、get the job.63. FBeing punctual, we can avoid anxiety. Imagine the anxiety if you do not want to be considered unpunctual. You will be anxious if you set out for a dinner late. The person who sets out late might be careless in driving. He will ignore traffic rules. A traffic jam, flat tyres, etc. ca

47、n delay him further. Happy and calm is the man who takes all these possibilities into consideration and arrives at the appointment either early or on time.64. CMany of those who attend dinners are notorious 声名狼藉 的）for unpunctuality. They ignore the appointed time and leave their homes only after the

48、 fixed time. They are indifferent to theinconvenience caused to others. If the self-centred guest arrives late, the nine others at the table set for ten will have to wait. The host isput in an unpleasant situation and this man seldom thinks of the inconvenience caused to all -the waiters, the manage

49、ment staff, etc. It is necessary for us to think of others and be considerate to them.65. BHowever, we cannot always be intolerant 历法容忍的 ）of tardiness, for ordinary living requires some tolerance. There can be a busy executive who fights to keep to his schedule. Such a person may be forgiven if he i

50、s late, but not those who are deliberately late to create impression.In modern society, punctuality is a necessary virtue. It is a recognition of the importance of other people.【解析】试题分析：文章介绍的是人际交往中守时和自律的重要性，并 介绍如何做到守时和自律。61.考查段落大意：根据这段的句子： There is the belief that, if you arrive at an appointment la

51、te, you will be considered important. This is a mistaken view可知这段的大意是： 错误的观念，所以选 A.62考查段落大意：根据这段的句子： To be punctual one has to have self-discipline（自律），and the lack of it affects others.可知这段 的大意是：自律和守时，所以选 E。63 .考查段落大意：根据这段的句子：Being punctual, we canavoid anxiety. Imagine the anxiety if you do not wa

52、nt to be considered unpunctual.可知这段的大意是：避免守时造成的焦 虑，所以选F。64 .考查段落大意：根据这段的句子：Many of those who attenddinners are notorious （声名狼藉的）for unpunctuality.可知这段的 大意是：就餐时不守时，所以选C。65 .考查段落大意：根据这段的句子：However, we cannot alwaysbe intolerant （无法容忍的） of tardiness, for ordinary living requiressome tolerance可知这段的大意是：需

53、要容忍，所以选 B。【考点定位】考查信息匹配【名师点睛】这题考查信息匹配题是考查每个段落大意，要确定每个段落的大意首先要仔细阅读文章每个段落，特别注意每段的首句和尾句，最好划出题干中的定位词，和选项中的句子 进行对比这样可以更准确的抓住段落大意。66 12015 天津】阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10 分）阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。Six days a week, up and down the red hills of northeast Georgia, my grandfather brought the mail to the folks there. At ag

54、e 68, he retired from the post office, but he never stopped serving the community.On his 80th birthday, I sent him a letter, noting the things we all should be thankful for good health, good friends and good outcomes. By most measurements he was a happy man. Then I suggested it was time for him to s

55、low down. At long last, in a comfortable home, with a generous pension, he should learn to take things easy.“ Thank you for your nice words," he wrote in his letter back,“ and I know what you meant, but slowing down scaresme. Life isn ' t having it made; it' s getting it made.”“ The fin

56、est and happiest years of our lives were not when all the debts were paid, and all difficult experiences had passed, and we had settled into a comfortable home. No. I go back years ago, when we lived in a three-room house, when we got up before daylight and worked till after dark to make ends meet.

57、I rarely had more than four hours of sleep. But what I still can' t figure out is why I nevertired, never felt better in my life. I guess the answer is, we were fighting for survival, protecting and providing for those we loved. What matters are not the great moments, but the partial victories,

58、the waiting, and even the defeats. It' s the journey, not the arrival, 1counts. ”The letter ended with a personal request: " Boy, on my next birthday, just tell me to wake up and get going, because I will have one less year to do things - and there are ten million things waiting to be done. ”Christina Rossetti, an English poet, once said: " Does the road wind up