英语阅读理解难点突破

1、英语阅读理解难点突破推理判断题是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。推理判断题在阅读中属于难度较高的题型，通常占总题数的15%30%。它主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。常出现的推理题有逻辑推理、知识推理等。这类考题中常出现的词有：infer,imply,suggest,indicate,conclude,learnfrom,prob

2、ably,mostlikely,can,could,might,may等。【例析】（2010辽宁卷）ItwasavillageinIndia.Thepeoplewerepoor.However,theywerenotunhappy.Afterall,theirforefathershadlivedinthesamewayforcenturies.Thenoneday,somevisitorsfromthecityarrived.Theytoldthevillagersthereweresomepeopleelsewherewholikedtoeatfrogslegs.However,theyd

3、idnothaveenoughfrogsoftheirown,andsotheywantedtobuyfrogsfromotherplaces.ThisseemedlikemoneyfornothingEveryweekatruckarrivedtocollectthecatchandhandoverthemoney.Forthefirsttime,thepeoplewereabletodreamofabetterfuture.Butthedreamdidntlastlong.Thechangewashardlynoticedatfirst,butitseemedasifthecropswer

4、enotdoingsowell.Moreworryingwasthatthechildrenfellillmoreoften,and,thereseemedtobemoreinsectsaroundlately.Theywouldhavetousethemoneyearnedtobuypesticides（杀虫剂）andmedicines.Soontherewasnomoneyleft.Thenthepeoplerealizedwhatwashappening.Itwasthefrog.Theyhadntbeenuseless.Theyhadbeendoinganimportantjobeat

5、inginsects.Nowwithsomanyfrogskilled,theinsectswereincreasingmorerapidly.Theyweredamagingthecropsandspreadingdiseases.Now,thepeoplearestillpoor.Butintheeveningstheysitinthevillagesquareandlistentosoundsofinsectsandfrogs.Thesesoundsofthenightnowhaveamuchdeepermeaning.59.Whatcanweinferfromthelastsenten

6、ceofthetext?A. Happinesscomesfrompeacefullifeinthecountry.B. Healthismoreimportantthanmoney.C. Theharmonybetweenmanandnatureisimportant.D. goodolddaywillneverbeforgotten.答案C。【解析】推理判断题。最后一句Thesesoundsofthenightnowhaveamuchdeepermeaning.现在夜晚的这些声音具有更深刻的意义。该句是一个中介句，说明人们过度捕杀造成生态失衡，由此也影响了人类。因此，可以推断人与自然和谐的

7、重要性。A、B只是片面的结论。做推理判断题必须在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，掌握文章的真正内涵。(1)要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础；(2)要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全；(3)要忠实于原文，不能主观臆想，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；(4)要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。错误选项的特点：（1） 原文信息的简单重复而非推断出来的结

8、论；（2） 推理过度的片面结论；（3） 与文中内容不符或完全相反的结论；（4） 符合考生已有的常识但文章中没有信息支持。下面就常考的几种推断题具体地讲一讲：（一）作者情感、观点、态度推断题就是作者对于某人、某地或某事等字里行间所流露出来的情感，如高兴、兴奋、喜悦、快乐、吃惊、忧虑、困惑、忧伤、憎恨等。题干中常有theauthorfelt,feelabout,theauthorsattitudetowards等字眼。解答这类题要设身处地，站在作者的角度，才能体会出作者的真实情感。解答时要根据作者在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断作者的弦外之音。还要熟悉作者表达

9、观点态度的词，如subjective（主观的），objective（客观的），positive（积极的），negative（消极的），neutral（中立的）等。【典例1】（2010天津卷）Inthekitchenofmymothershousestherehasalwaysbeenawoodenstand（木架）withasmallnotepad（记事本）andaholeforapencil.ImlookingforpaperonwhichtonotedownthenameofabookIamrecommendingtomymother.Overfortyyearssincemyearlie

10、stmemoriesofthekitchenpadandpencil,fivehouseslater,thecurrentpaperandpencillookthesameastheyalwaysdid.Surelyitcantbethesamepencil.Thepadismoremodern,butthewoodenstandisdefinitelytheoriginalone.“Imjustamazedyoustillhavethesamestandforholdingthepadandpencilafteralltheseyear.”Isaytoher,walkingbackintot

11、heliving?Mroomwithasheetofpaperandthepencil.“Youstilluseapencil.Cantyouaffordapen?”Mymotherrepliesalittlesharply.“Itworksperfectlywell.Ivealwayskeptthestandinthekitchen.IneverknewwhenImightwanttonotedownanidea,andIwasalwaysinthekitcheninthesedays.”.47. Whatistheauthorsoriginalopinionaboutthewoodenst

12、and?A. Ithasgreatvalueforthefamily.B. Itneedstobereplacedbyabetterone.C. Itbringsherbacktoherlonelychildhood.D. Itshouldbepassedontothenextgeneration.（二）文中人物思想、情感、态度推断题推断文中人物性格的设题形式有：1. Whatdoweknowaboutsomebodyinthetext?2. Whatkindofmansomebodyis?3. Somebodycanbesaidtobe.做这类题时一定要注意：(1) 准确把握字里行间的意思，

13、切忌用自己的观点代替作者的观点；(2) 特别注意表达情感、态度和观点的词语；(3) 认真领悟文中人物的对话。【典例2】(2010浙江卷).“Stephanie,Ijustfoundusaprojectfortheday.Getsomepaintbrushes.Wearefixingtopaint.”ShescreamedwithexcitementasItoldherofmysecretplansandimmediatelywegottowork.Wegatheredallthebrusheswecouldfindandmovedallofourmaterialstomyyard.Thereo

14、ntheroadinfrontofmyhouse,wepaintedbitstripes(条纹)ofcolorsacrossthepavement(人行道).Stripebystripe,ourcolorsturnedintoabeautifulrainbow.Itwasfantastic!Thesunwasstartingtosink.IsawacarinthedistanceandjumpedupasIrecognizedthecar.Itwasmymother.Icouldntwaittoshowhermymasterpiece.Thecarpulledslowlyintothedriv

15、ewayandfromthelookonmymothersface,IcouldtellthatIwasindeeptrouble.Mymothershutthecardoorandwalkedtowardsme.Hereyesglaring,sheshouted,“Whatintheworldwereyouthinking?Iunderstoodwhenyoumadecastlesoutofleaves,andclimbedtheneighborstrees,butthis!Comeinsiderightnow!”Istoodthereglaringbackatherforaminute,a

16、ngrybecauseshehadinsulted(侮辱)myart.42. Inhismotherseyes,thewriterA. wasabornartistB. alwayscausedtroubleC. wasaproblemsolverD. workedveryhard(三)文章出处推断题这类题的设题形式有：1. Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom.2. Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?3. Thepassageismostlikelyapartof.这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：(1)

17、 报纸：前面会有日期、地点或通讯社名称；(2) 广告：其格式特殊，容易辨认；(3) 产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量；(4) 其他：根据文中所述内容,尤其抓住文中的topicsentence或mainidea推断是小说还是杂志等。【典例3】(2010辽宁卷)Stefaniawasinaresearchprogram,andthescientistsintheprogramwerestudyingbodyrhythms(节奏).InthisexperimentStefaniahadspent130daysinacave,30feet

18、indepth.Duringhertimeinthecave,Stefaniahadbeencompletelyaloneexceptfortwowhitemice.Theresultswereveryinteresting.Howhadshespenthertimeinthecave?Theexperimentshowedthatourbodyclocksareaffectedbylightandtemperature,.70. Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A.Anovel.B.Anewsstory.C.Apetmagazine.D.Atravelgui

19、de.(四)文章后续内容推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，预测作者接着要讲什么内容。提问方式有：(1) Inthenextpart,theauthorwouldmostprobablydiscuss.(2) Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?做这类题时要把握作者的写作思路，如文章可能按事件发生的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。此外，要把握文章结构，注意最后一段的内容，特别留意最后几句话。【典例4】（2010湖北卷）Inthisarticle,Illdescribethreeno

20、?Mwinsituationsthatcommonlyarisebetweenteensandparentsandthensuggestsomewaysoutofthetrap.Thefirstno?Mwinsituationisquarrelsoverunimportantthings.Examplesincludethecoloroftheteenshair,thecleanlinessofthebedroom,thepreferredstyleofclothing,thechildsfailuretoeatagoodbreakfastbeforeschool,orhistendencyt

21、osleepuntilnoonontheweekends.Second,blaming.Thegoalofablamingbattleistomaketheotheradmitthathisbadattitudeisthereasonwhyeverythinggoeswrong.Third.58. Whatwilltheauthormostprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?A. Causesfortheparent?Mteenconflicts.B. Examplesoftheparent?Mteenwar.C. Solutionsforthep

22、arent?Mteenproblems.D. Futureoftheparent?Mteenrelationship.（五）文章逻辑结构推断题常见的文章基本结构：1说明文的基本结构Definition(Introduction)Description(Explanation)ExamplecomparisonfConclusionclassification2议论文的基本结构TopicfArgumentsfFactsExamplesfconclusionTheory(Opinion)(Supportingsentences)论点f论据f结论3记叙文的基本结构Storypresentation(

23、account)fTimecluesf(surprising/humorousway)Invertedtimeclues4夹叙夹议文的基本结构StorypresentationfconclusionOpinionAdviceSignificance【典例5】(2010江西)KongZi,alsocalledconfucius(551-479B.c.),andSocrates(469-399B.c.)livedonlyahundredyearsapart,andduringtheirlifetimestherewasnocontactbetweenChinaandGreece,butitisin

24、terestingtolookathowtheworldthateachofthesegreatphilosopherscamefromshapedtheirideas,andhowtheseideasinturn,shapedtheirsocieties.TheChinesestateswereverylargeandfeudal,whiletheGreekcity?MstatesweresmallandurbanUnlikeConfucius,Socrateswasnot.Confucius,ontheotherhand,advised.Confuciussuggested.Socrate

25、sfocused.ForSocrates,thefamilywasofnoimportance,andthecommunityoflittleconcern.ForConfucius,however,thefamilywasthecentreofthesociety,withfamilyrelationsconsideredmuchmoreimportantthanpoliticalrelations.Bothmenarerespectedmuchmoretodaythantheywereintheirlifetimes.67. Thispassageisorganizedinthepatte

26、rnofA. timeandevents.B. comparisonandcontrast.C. causeandeffect.D.definitionandclassification.（六）推断读者身份题这类试题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断出读者对象，即作者写这篇文章主要是写给谁看的。这类试题曾几次出现在高考试卷中。提问方式有：Thetextiswrittenmainlyfor.Whoisthepassagewrittenfor?Whoaretheintendedreadersofthepassage?解答这类试题主要靠理解短文内容，特别要注意体会作者使用的词语和语气。【典例6】（

27、2009全国II）Iknowlotsofwomenwhoskipbreakfast,andtheyhaveatonofdifferentexcusesfordoingit.Butthebottomlineisthateatinginthemorningisveryimportantwhenyouretryingtoloseweight.BreakfastisonemealInevermiss,andthesamegoesformostweightlosssuccessstories.Researchshowsthateatingbreakfastkeepsyoufromovereatinglaterintheday.Breakfastskippershaveabiggerchanceofgainingweightthanthosewhoregularlyhaveamorningmeal.Iputawaytheleftoversinstead