英语A级考试语法大全

1、高等学校英语应用能力考试（A级）语法考点测试项目、内容、题型及时间分配表:序号测试项目题号测试内容题型百分比时间分配I听力理 解1-15对话、会话、短文多项选择、填空、简 答15%15分钟n语法结构1635句法结构、语法、词形变化多项选择、填空、改错15%15分钟m阅读理解3660语篇，包括一般性及应用性 文字多项选择、填空、简答、匹配35%40分钟IV英译汉6165句子和段落多项选择、段落翻译20%25分钟V写作/汉译英应用性文字（摘要、通告、 信函、简历表、申请书、协 议书等）翻译。套写、书写、填写或翻译15%合计65+1100%120分钟英语A级语法大全：第一节大学英语三级考试语法部分简

2、介一、大纲要求大学英语三级考试大纲对语法的要求是：进一步加深和扩大中学学过的语法知识，侧重其在阅读和翻译中的应用。二、考查范围三级语法考题的涉及面广。考试范围为浙江省高等学校英语三级考试大纲所附结构表的内容。在语法结构表中，详细列出了高等专科英语课程教学阶段需要进一步巩固加深的语法项 目，主要涉及如下语法点：限定词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、介词、动词、虚拟 语气、非谓语动词、一致关系、句子种类（简单句、并列句和复合句 卜强调句型、省略、倒装、构词法和标点等十七个方面。本书逐一介绍各类试题的设计特点（题型）及解题技巧。在大学英语三级考试中，虽然题目千变万化，但是万变不离其宗，只要仔细分析

3、，就 会发现这些题目其实基本上都是时态、形容词与副词、名问、一致关系和虚拟语气、非谓语动词、倒装句、复合句（连接手段）的各种变化形式。本书在逐一介绍各类试题的设计特点 （题 型）及解题技巧的同时，还侧重对上述几类语法变化形式在历届真题中的考点作详细分析。语法测试项目所占比例复合句（主语从句、定语从句、状语从句 ）21%虚拟语气8. 3%时态和语态10. 8%非谓语动词（分词、动名词、不定式）23. 3%致关系2. 5%倒装句6. 7%形容词与副词5. 8%强调2. 5%名词和限定词2. 5%倍数1. 7%省略0. 8%情态动词2. 5%反意疑问句0. 8%代词5%介词0. 8%最常考点：非谓语

4、动词，虚拟语气，名词性从句，倒装句（部倒），时态，词形转换非谓语动词：近几年的语法测试中非谓语动词约占 31。1%,平均每年近5道题，可谓是语法项目考 查的重点，那么非谓语动词的考查都有哪些特点，解答时又应注意些什么呢？下面我和大家就一起来分析一下：1、非谓语动词考查特点1）谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结构，如：All things because of the snowstorm , many passengers could do nothing buttake the train 。A had been canceledB have bee

5、n canceledC were canceledD having been canceled四个选项中有三个是谓语动词，只有D是非谓语动词，只要同学们能判断出这里是非谓语动词做状语，则不用考虑时态的问题，答案自明。2）谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择谓语动词后接不定式还是接动名词也是四级语法测试中的一个题眼。如： I don ' t mind the decision as long as it is not too late 。A You to delay makingB You delaying makingC You delaying to make D You delay to

6、 make Had I remembered the windows , the thief would not have got in 。A to close B ClosingC to have closed D having closed Your hair wants 。 you 'd better have it done tomorrow 。A cut B to cut C cutting D being cut (1997,6)这类题涉及三个方面：谓语动词后应该接不定式还是动名词?即可接不定式又可接动名词时，结构和意思上有何差别?不定式与动名词用主动形式还是用被动形式?3

7、) 做定语的非谓语动词的选择从近几年的考查情况来看，对做定语的非谓语动词的考查有两种情况：(1)对一般概念的考查，而不是固定结构中的非谓语动词做定语。如： the project by the end of 2000， will expand the city stelephone network to cover 1， 000 ， 000 users 。A accomplished B being accomplishedC to be accomplished D having been accomplished If I correct someone ， I will do it wi

8、th so much good humdand self-restraint as if I were the one 。A to correct B correctingC having been corrected D being corrected同学们只要掌握非谓语动词作定语的一般的规律，就可以判断题答案为c,题答案为d。(2)对固定结构的考查，如： the professor could hardly find sufficient grounds hisarguments in favor of the new theory 。A to be based on B to base

9、onC which to base on D on which to base the pressure causes Americans to be energetic ， but italso puts them under a constant emotional strain 。A to compete B competingC to be competed D having competed题为不定式做定语的固定形式，答案为 d,题为某些特定名词的定语结构，答案为 a。 在英语中有些名词，如动词变来的名词，形容词变来的名词，以及 means ， way， time，moment ，

10、reason 等要求其后用不定式做定语，不定式没有体的变化。4) 做状语的非谓语动词的选择做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择，如： the earth to be flat ， many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge ofthe earth 。A having believed B believing C believed D being believed a teacher in a university ， it is necessary to have at least a master sdegree 。A to be

11、come B become C one becomes D on becoming Realizing that he hadn t enough money and to borrow from his father ， hedecided to sell his watch 。A not wanted B no to want C not wanting D wanting not _ it or not ， his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles。A believe B to believe C believing D

12、 believed从以上各题来看，考查的侧重点有：(1)状语类别的判断不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同，目的状语要求用不定式，如。(2)非谓语动词与句子属于之间的逻辑关系根据主谓关系或动宾关系的不同来确定用现在分词还是用过去分词。(3)非谓语动词的否定形式not否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前，如。(4)独立成分有些非谓语动词的使用不受与主语关系的限制，称为独立成分，这类成分只记忆即可。如：generally speaking , judging from ,to tell the truth ,等 虚拟语气：一.虚拟语气1 . if句中虚拟形式if引导的非真实条件句(纯粹假设或发生的可能性

13、不大)条件与现在相反与将来相反与过去相反例句从句did (be were)did (bew were)had done主句would/ should/ might/ could dowould/ should/ might/ could dowould/ should/ might/ could have doneIf we left (leave) now, we should arrive in time.'t have been broken (break) into.If they hadn ' t gone on vacation, their house would

14、n2 .原形虚拟：a.表命令、决定、要求、建议等词语之后的that-分句中，用动词原形。suggest, demand, advise, propose, order, arrange, insist, command, require, request, desire that(should) do例如 He suggested that we should leave early.My suggestion is that we should tell him.b. It is (was)形容词 /名词 that (should) do/例如 It is absolutely essent

15、ial that all the facts be examined first.3. 一些句型中的虚拟形式：1. It ，s (high, about, the first, etc.) time (that)动词过去时 例如 It ' s time we left.例如 It is time we went to bed.2 would rather/sooner as if/ thoughwould rather/sooner as if/ though宁愿好像谓语用过去时一谓语用过去完成时与现在或者将来相反 与过去相反练习1. I try it again if I you.A

16、. will ; amB. should; amC. would; were D. would ; hadbeen2. If it not for the water , the plants live.A. were ; would notB. is ; could notC. were； couldD. did ; could not3. If I that chance to show my ability, I the president of this school.A. have not had ； could not becomeB. had not had ； would no

17、t have becomeC. did not have ； could not becomeD. doesn't have; will not become4. He by that burglar if you to save him.A. might have been killed； hadn' t come B. will be killed ; didn' t comeC. may be killed ; did' t comeD. could be killed ; haven' t come5. If it for your help ,

18、 I that hard time with so little money.B. is not; can not spendD. have not been; will not spendB. do ; will break outD. will ； is to break outC. haven' t done D. hadn' t doneA. were not; would not spendC. had not been ； would not have spent6. Where you go if war?A. will ; breaks outC. would

19、； were to break out7. She wishes she that humiliating thing.A. doesn' t doB. didn' t do8. The chairman suggested that the meeting put off.A. can beB. beC. isD. will be9. It is vital that he immediately.A. should go B. must go C. goesD. went10. It is time we do our homework.A. begin toB. can

20、begin to C. began toD. will begin to答案：1.选Co表示与现在事实相反的假设（指现在的假设）（译文；如果我是你，我会再试一次）2选A。表示与现在事实相反的假设（指现在的假设）。（译文：要是没有水，植物就不能存活。）3 .选B。表示与过去事实相反的假设。4 Ao表示与过去事实相反的假设。（译文：要不是你来救他，他早就被那个窃贼杀了。）5 . Co与过去事实相反的假设。（译：要没有你帮忙，我那点儿钱是无法度过那段艰苦岁月的。）6 .选Co表示与将来事实相反的假设。（译文：要是战争爆发了，你会上哪儿去？）7 .选D。虚拟语气用于宾语从句。（译文：她真希望自己没有做

21、过那件丢脸的事情。）8 .选Bo虚拟语气用于表示“建议”等意义的动词后。（译文：主席建议会议延期举行。）9 .选Ao虚拟语气用于主语从句 （It is / was +形容词+ that引导的分句）。10 .选Co虚拟语气用于定语从句It is time （that）.句型。（译文：我们该开始做作业了。）二.动词的时态1.各个时态动词基本变形)般现在时 be(is,am,are)do/does现在进行时be (is/am/are)+ doing现在完成时have/has done现在完成进行时have/has been doing一般过去时 was/weredid过去进行时was/were do

22、ing过去完成时had done过去完成进行时 had been doing一般将来时will do将来进行时will do将来完成will have done将来完成进行时will have been doing一般过去将来时过去将来进行时过去将来完成时过去将来完成进行时would dowould be doingwould have donewould have been doing2.时间状语与动词时态的搭配定的时态往往和一定的时间状语连用。am is arewas/ werealways ,usually, sometimes,一般现在日do/doeslast week, yester

23、day, a few days ago 一般过去时 did next week, tomorrow, in a week, this year 一般将来时 will do now, at present, at this moment现在进行时be +doingso far, up to now, by the time, since 的主句现在完成时has/have done3.练习，用动词的适当形式填空1. He(be) eighteen next year.2. It(rain) every day so far this month.3. Mozart(write) more than

24、 600 pieces of music.4. If it(rain) tomorrow , we' ll have to stay at home.5. How fast he(drive) when the accident happened?6. By the time Mr. Smith left school , he(teach) that course for twenty-five years.7. Perhaps he(finish) reading the book by this time tomorrow.1 .填will be。 next year为表示将来时

25、态的时间状语2 .填has rainedo so far是“到目前为止”的意思，常和现在完成时搭配使用。3 .填wrote。Mozart （莫扎特）是已去世的音乐家，故应使用过去时。4 .填rains。在条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情。5 .填was.driving。表示过去某一时刻发生的动作要用过去进行时。6 .填had taughto句中有 by the time Mr. Smith left school ,主语的谓语应用过去完成时。7 .填will have finished 。 句中有by this time tomorrow ,主语的谓语应用将来完成时。三动词的被

26、动语态1.各个时态的被动语态一般现在时现在进 行时一般过 去时过去进 行时般将 来时过去将 来时现在完 成时过去完 成时现在完 成进行 时将来完成时主动doam/is/are doingdidwas/ were doingwilldowould dohas/ have donehad donehas/ have been doingwill have done被动：am/is/are doneam/is/are being donewas/ were donewas/ were being donewill be donewould be donehas/ have been donehad

27、been donewill have been done1. The construction of the library before the end of next month.A. must have completedB. must have been completedC. must be completedD. must complete2. The subject of these lectures by the lecture committee.A.announcesB.have been announcedC. announcedD. has been announced

28、3. My pictures until next week.A. won t developB. aren t developingC. don t developD. won t be developed4. They so that we wouldn t recognize them.A. costumedB. disguisedC. were disguisingD.weredisguised5. All the apparatus ( 器械 ) before the experiment began.A. had been prepared B. were prepared C.

29、had been preparedD. had prepared6. The world s supplies of copper .B. has gradually exhaustedD. are being gradually exhaustedB. were just being unloadedD. were just been unloadedA. have been gradually being exhaustedC. are gradually exhausted7. The goods when we arrived at the airport.A. were just u

30、nloadingC. had just unloaded8. Tomthe best student in his class.A. regardsB. regards asC. has regarded as D. is regarded as9. The sports meeting because of the bad weather.A. put offB. was put offC. was putted off D. has put off1. C。情态动词的被动语态为：情态动词+be+done。（译：到下月底图书馆的修建必须完工）2. D 现在完成时的被动语态为：have bee

31、n+done （译：讲座的课题已由讲座委员会宣布了。）3. D。一般将来时的被动语态为：will be+done ,其否定形式为： will not be +done4. D一般过去时的被动语态为was/were+过去分词（译:为了不让我们认出来，他们伪装了起来）5. Co过去完成时的被动语态的构成为：had been+过去分词。6. D 现在进行时的被动语态为：are/is/am being+ 过去分词。（译 :世界的铜资源正逐渐被耗尽）7. B。过去进行时的被动语态为：was/were being+过去分词。（译:我们到机场时正在卸货物。）8. D 。（译文：汤姆被认为是班里最好的学生。）

32、9. B。 （译文：运动会因天气不好被取消了。）四 定语从句1 .定语从句(Attributive Clauses )在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常紧跟在先行词后，由关系词 (关系代词或关系副词)引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which 等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。例题： The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds ， could gopenniless by next year.A. the

33、 large oneB. the larger of whichC. the largest oneD. the largest of which选Bo因为前面有two ,所以不能选 D, A没有连接手段，也不能选。三级试题中定语从句的考题：1 、 I tried to get of the business I found impossible to carry on.A) why B)which C)what D)where2、 Once more I have to leave Beijing , I have been living for eight years.A) thatB)w

34、hereC)whichD)as3、This book is designed for the leaners native languages are not English.A)whose B)whichC)whoD)what4、She got to know the young man very well she had worked for so long.A)to whom B)in whom C)whom D)with whom5、The hotel during the vacation was rather poorly managed.A)as I stayed B)where

35、 I stayed C)which I stayed D)what I stayed6、There are so many dresses there that I really don't know to choose.A)whether B)when C)which D)why7、I think that Anna is far the most active member in our group.A)with B)at C)as D)by五.倒装1 .当only放在句首，表示强调时，要用倒装例：Only in this way can you solve this proble

36、m.只有用这种方法，你才可以解决这个问题。Only yesterday did I finish the book.到昨天我才读完那本书。2 .具有否定意义的副词或词组用于句首，要用倒装，助动词，情态动词放主语之前。常见的否定词有：never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, not until, by no means, not only, neither, nosooner, hardly 等。例句： Never shall I forget the days when you were with us.1、 Olny when we had finishe

37、d all the work that it was too late to take a bus home.A)did we realize B)informing C)informed D)to inform2、Not until the day before yesterday to give a speech at the meeting.A)he agreedB)does he agree C)he agrees D)did he agree3、Young he is, he has proved to be an able sale sman.A)that B)who C)as D

38、)which4、Not until yesterday anything about the project that will be completed soon.A)did I learn B)have I learnt C)I learntD)that I learnt5、 He is used to flying by air and on no occasion frightened.A)he has ever felt B)he ever feels C)ever does he feel D)has he ever felt6、So after she learned the g

39、ood news that she could hardly fall asleep that night.A)excited the mother wasB)was the mother excitedC)the mother was excitedD)excited was the mother7、So loudly that people could hear it out in the street.A)did the students play the musicB)the students playing the musicC)the students played the mus

40、icD)have the students played the music六.it的用法1.it作形式主语或者形式宾语It is necessary for us to learn English. it 这里才旨代 to learn EnglishIt was not very clear what she meant. it 这里指代 what she meant2. it在强调句型强调句型的结构为：It is/was +被强调部分+ that(who) +句子的其余部分练习 1. It was only when I read his poems recently I began to

41、 appreciate their beauty.A. untilB. thatC. thenD. so选 B 。 强调句型强调when 引导的时间状语从句。2.It was about 600 years ago the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.D. whenA. thatB. untilC. before选 A。 强调句型强调时间状语。七形容词比较级比较级最高级1.不规则变法good/wellbetterbestbadworseworstmany/muchmoremost2. 形容词比较级结构littlelessl

42、east（1） 形容词+than例句：Real friendship is more valuable than money(2) the +形容词比较级，the + 形容词比较级例句：The more medicine I take, the worse I feel词组：1 （see 、 hear 、 notice 、 find 、 feel 、 listen to 、 look at （ 感官动词）+do eg:I like watchingmonkeys jump2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）4 agree

43、with sb 赞成某人5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界7 along with 同一道，伴随eg : I will go along with you 我将和你一起去学生同老师们一起种树你是知道的eg : ask you for my book叫某人不要做某事the students planted trees along with their teachers8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样9 as you can see10 ask for 求助 向-要-（直

44、接接想要的东西）11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do13 at the age of 在岁时 eg： I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen14 at the beginning of 的起初； 的开始15 at the end of + 地点 /+时间 最后；尽头；末尾eg : At the end of the day16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候17 be /feel confident of sth /that clau

45、se + 从句 感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test18 be + doing 表： 1 现在进行时2 将来时19 be able to （+ v原）=can （+ v 原） 能够 eg : She is able to sing She can sing20 be able to do sth 能够干什么eg :she is able to sing21 be afraid to do （of sth 恐惧，害怕 eg : I'm afr

46、aed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视eg : Don't be angry with me为什么而生某人的气eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高23 be angry with sb 生某人的气24 be angry with（at） sb for doing sth25 be as原级as和什么一

47、样26 be ashamed to 27 be away from远离 28 be away from 从离开29 be bad for 对什么有害eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from和什么不一样34 be famous for 以著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好36 be fro

48、m = come from来自eg ： He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he fromBejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?37 be full of 装满的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filledwith water38 be glad+to+do/ 从句 39 be going to + v（ 原） 将来时40 be good at（+doing） = do well in 在某方面善长 ,善于41 be go

49、od for 对什么有好处eg : Reading aloud is good for your English42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处44 be in good health 身体健康45 be in trouble 处于困难中eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble46 be interest

50、ed in 对某方面感兴趣47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到48 be like 像 eg : I'm like my mother49 be mad at 生某人的气50 be made from 由制成（制成以后看不见原材料）51 be made of 由制成（制成以后还看得见原材料）52 be not sure表不确定53 be on a visit to 参观 54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎55 be quiet 安静 56 be short for 表 *的缩写eg:

51、陶 is short for 陶俊杰57 be sick in bed 生病在床58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you61 be strict in doing sth严于做某事eg : He's strict in obeying noles62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格eg: Some students are n

52、ot strict with them selves这些学生对自己不严格63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么65 be sure 表确定 66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心eg: He is sure of winning Iam sure of learning English well67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心eg: I'm sure of my head （my teacher 我相信我的大脑（老师）68 be sure that sth

53、对做某事有信心eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试69 be sure to do sth 一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语70 be terrified of +名/动 doing 害怕71 be terrified to do sth害怕做某事72 be the same as和什么一样 73 be used to doing sth习惯做某事eg: My father

54、 is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉74 be worth doing 值得做什么75 be（feel） afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句76 because+ 句子 because of + 短语eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache77 begin to do = start

55、 to do开始做某事 start with i=begin with 以什么开始什么eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home78 between and 两者之间79 borrow sth from sb 向借 lend sth to sb （lend sb sth 借给什么东西eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me （ he lent me a pen80 both = the same（as） = not different（from） 表相同81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do stheg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了 He's bother