高考英语专题之不定式

1、.Grammar-Nonfinite Verb不 定 式语法图解探究发现To get there by bike will take us half an hour.Would you like to be a millionaire?Her job is to take care of the children in the kindergarten.The soil contains materials to keep the natural balance of the area.On land with rich soil, local farmers can grow crops t

2、o make a living.The doctor advised the patient to give up smoking.She asks to be treated equally.Mary seems to be thinking deeply.She is said to have studied abroad last year.我的发现1不定式在以下句子中的句法功能是：句作_；句作_；句作_；句作_；句作_；句作_。2在以下句子中不定式使用的时态、语态形式是：句为_；句为_；句为_。3根据以上可归纳出，不定式在句中可作_；不定式既有_的变化，也有_的变化。一、动词不定式的根

3、本构造动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其构造为“to动词原形，其中 to 不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，其否认形式是在 to 前加 not。 动词不定式主要有三种构造形式：1带 to 或不带 to: to do sth.Our teacher asks us to be grateful to our parents.老师叫我们要感恩父母。I saw a stranger enter our community.我看见一个陌生人进了我们社区。He told me not to move until he finished the drawing.他告

4、诉我他画完了画我再动。2疑问词不定式：how/when/what . to do sth.No one knows for sure what to expect in the future.没人能确切地知道将来会发生什么。3带逻辑主语的不定式：for/of sb. to do sth.It is wise of you to give up smoking.你戒烟是明智的。二、动词不定式的时态和语态时态语态意义例句主动被动一般时to doto be done与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后I hope to meet you again. 我希望再次见到你。进展时to be doing

5、 表示谓语动作发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进展He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully. 他假装在认真地听老师讲课。A new shopping mall is reported to be being built in the city at present.据报道该市目前正在建造一家新商场。完成时to have doneto have been done表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.很抱歉让你久等了。完成进展时to have been

6、 doing发生在谓语动作之前并且一直到谓语动作发生时仍在进展They are said to have been working in Tibet for 20 years.据说他们已经在西藏工作了20年。即时演练1用所给词的适当形式填空She seems to _ hear about this matter.Hes said _ go abroad next month.He pretended to _ read when I came in.She is said to _ work on the problem for many years.He was said to _tell

7、 about the news.三、不定式的句法功能1不定式作主语不定式作主语时，表示详细的行为或将来的行为。不定式作主语时谓语用单数；有时也可用 it 作形式主语，而将不定式后置。To remove all the books will take us half an hour.It will take us half an hour to remove all the books.搬走所有这些书要花费我们半个小时的时间。常见的带形式主语it的句型有：1It is/was形容词of/for sb. to do sth.It is good for us to do morning exerc

8、ises.做早操对我们有益。It is stupid of her to make such a mistake.她真蠢，犯这样的错误。课堂点津在该句型中，假如形容词是形容人的品质的， 即sb.和adj.有主系表关系时，sb.前用of。常见的形容词有foolish/kind/nice/careless/wise/silly/clever/stupid/rude 等；假如句中形容词修饰动词不定式时，sb.和adj.构不成主系表关系时，sb.前用for，常见的形容词有easy/difficult/hard/important/dangerous/possible/necessary等。2It is

9、 a pleasure/pity/pleasant thing/an honour .to do .In the end, kids as we are, its our duty to control ourselves, which will greatly help our lives and study.安徽高考总分值作文最后，尽管我们是孩子，但是自控是我们的职责，它会极大地帮助我们的生活和学习。3It takes sb.some time/money / energy to do . It took them about half an hour to work out the di

10、fficult maths problem.他们花了大约半个小时的时间才解出这道数学难题。即时演练21单句改错It is nice for you to rescue me from the fire in time. _The room is comfortable for us to live._This machine is very easy to be operated. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. _2完成句子It took years of work _.减少工业污染和清洁河水花费了好几年的时间。Its standa

11、rd practice for a company like this one_.对于像这样的公司雇佣老师是非常标准的做法。_ if he cheats in the exam.他假如在考试中作弊，是不可能逃脱惩罚的。2不定式作表语不定式在系动词后作表语，往往说明主语的详细内容，且含将来意义。My purpose is to point out the difficulties of finishing the job.我的目的是指出完成这份工作的困难。即时演练3完成句子The engine just wont start. Something seems _.引擎发动不起来了。看起来好似出了

12、什么缺点。What he hoped was _.他所希望的是能被这所大学录取。Our aim is _.我们的目的是在6个月之内完成这项任务。3不定式作宾语1有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语，如 agree, ask, aim, attempt, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail, help, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, hope, wish等。I decided to buy a walkman to learn English.我决定买个随身听来学英语。Hi

13、s brother wished to win the first prize.他哥哥希望获得头等奖。2 不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，那么要把不定式真正宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“动词it宾补不定式构造。能用于此构造的动词有think, make, feel, find等。The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.这两个小女孩长得如此相像，以致于陌生人觉得很难把她们区分开。I think it possible to get on we

14、ll with him.我认为有可能跟他和睦相处。课堂点津不定式用在介词but除了, except, besides后面时，假如这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to，否那么要带to。If you decide to study in America, you have no choice but to improve your English greatly.假如你打算去美国学习，除了显著进步英语程度外别无选择。There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining.没方法，只好等雨停了。即时演练4单句语

15、法填空陕西高考改编After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on_ thank all the people who had helped in her career.全国卷改编He refused _ stop until we reached the next stop.I have no choice but _ go. I find it difficult _ keep a balance between work and play.4不定式作宾补1不定式可作 ask, allow

16、, permit, persuade, encourage, expect, order, tell, require，advise, teach, like, wish, force, invite 等动词的宾补，形式为：动词宾语宾补不定式。在被动语态中，宾补变主补。Would you like me to give your regards to Mary?要让我替你向玛丽问好吗？I want you to understand the whole passage clearly.我想让你清楚地理解整篇文章。2不定式位于let, make, have，feel，look at，see, n

17、otice, watch, observe，hear, listen to等词短语后面作宾补时不定式符号to须去掉。但当宾补变为主补时，不定式符号to必须加上。归纳为：一感feel ；二听hear, listen to；三让let, make, have；五看see, look at, notice, watch, observe；半帮助helpI saw him enter the room.我看见他进了房间。He was seen to enter the room.有人看见他进了房间。3不定式可用于 with 复合构造中作宾补。在该构造中不定式表示将来，并且用主动表示被动。With he

18、r husband to help her, she believes she can work it out.有她丈夫的帮助，她相信能解决这个问题。即时演练5单句语法填空江西高考改编 He is thought _act foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.With a lot of difficult problems_ settle, the newly elected president is having a hard time.Paul doesnt have to be made

19、_ learn. He always works hard.The teacher told them _ not make so much noise.5不定式作定语1不定式通常放在被修饰词之后，往往表示未发生的动作。The weather will keep warm in the days to come.在将来几天内，天气将继续保持暖和。We have some problems to solve.我们有一些问题需要解决。2中心词是序数词、形容词最高级以及 the last, the only 等，或被这些词修饰时，用不定式作定语。Zhang Jian is the first Chi

20、nese to swim across the Bohai Sea.张健是第一个横渡渤海的中国人。He was the only one to finish the task on time.他是唯一一个按时完成任务的人。3抽象名词 time, way, reason, chance, courage, opportunity, ability 等和不定代词 something, nothing, little 等的后面常用不定式作定语。A subway is an effective way to solve traffic problems in a big city.地铁是解决大城市交通

21、问题的有效方法。课堂点津作定语的不定式中的动词假如是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。I use a pen to write with.我用一支钢笔写字。He is looking for a house to live in.他正在找房子住。即时演练6单句语法填空湖南高考改编Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students_ talk over what is bothering them.北京高考改编 There are still many problems _ so

22、lve before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.北京高考改编Volunteering gives you a chance_ change lives, including your own.四川高考改编The airport _ complete next year will help promote tourism in this area.6不定式作状语1作目的状语：可位于句首或句末，其前可加 in order/so as, 但 so as to 不可位于句首。I got up early in order/so as to cat

23、ch the 6：30 train.我早起是为了赶那趟六点半的火车。2作原因状语：主要用在表示喜怒哀乐等情感的形容词或过去分词后。Im glad to hear your mother is well again.听说你妈妈好了我很快乐。3作结果状语：常用only to do表示出人意料或意想不到的结果或too .to太而不能来表示。I hurried to the post office, only to find it closed.我急忙赶到邮局，结果发现邮局关门了。The box is too small to hold all these things.那个盒子太小，装不下所有的东西

24、。即时演练7单句语法填空北京高考改编_ make it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.北京高考改编_ catch the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. 福建高考改编_ learn more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. 陕西高考改编_workout

25、 the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.四川高考改编I hope to take the computer course.Good idea. _findout more about it, visit this website.天津高考改编 Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _ findit didnt fit.单句语法填空1They seemed _ write so

26、mething for somebody now.2When _ hold the meeting is still to be discussed.3If you are the last student_ leave the room, remember _ turnoff the lights.4Mother had me _ go to the shop and buy some salt.5_ prevent the rising price _affect the ordinary peoples life, the government will carry out a new

27、policy.6George returned after the war, only _ tell that his wife had left him. 7With so many things _dealwith, I have to work late into the night.8湖南高考改编_ stay warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.9He finds it hard _focus his attention on one thing for longer tha