必读大学英语阅读理解一附答案

1、Ø Oxford UniversityOxford University is the oldest university in Britain and one of the world's most famous institutions of higher learning. Oxford University was established during the 1100's. It is located in Oxford, England, about 80 kilometers northwest of London. The university has

2、 over 16,300 students (1999-2000), almost a quarter of these students are from overseas and more than 130 nationalities are represented. It consists of 35 colleges, plus five private halls established by various religious groups. Three of the five private halls are for men only. Of the colleges, St.

3、 Hilda's and Somerville are for women, and the rest are for men and women. At Oxford, each college is a corporate body distinct from the university and is governed by its own head and fellows. Most fellows are college instructors called tutors, and the rest are university professors and lecturer

4、s. Each college manages its own buildings and property, elects its own fellows, and selects and admits its own undergraduate students. The university provides some libraries, laboratories, and other facilities, but the colleges take primary responsibility for the teaching and well-being of their stu

5、dents. Each student at Oxford is assigned to a tutor, who supervises the student's program of study, primarily through tutorials. Tutorials are weekly meetings of one or two students with their tutor. Students may see other tutors for specialized instruction. They may also attend lectures given

6、by university teachers. Students choose which lectures to attend on the basis of their own special interests and on the advice of their tutors. The university, not the individual colleges, grants degrees. The first degree in the arts or sciences is the Bachelor of Arts with honors. Oxford also grant

7、s higher degrees, diplomas, and certificates in a wide variety of subjects. The Rhodes scholarship program enables students from the United States, Canada, and many other nations to study at Oxford for a minimum of two years. The British government grants Marshall scholarships to citizens of the Uni

8、ted States for study at Oxford and other universities that are located in Britain. The competition for scholarships and grants is, however, extremely strong and there are usually strict requirements. Students should check carefully that they are eligible to apply for a particular scholarship before

9、making an application as most of the schemes are restricted to certain nationalities and/or programs. The students and staff at Oxford are actively involved in over 55 initiatives (2001), including visits to more than 3,700 schools and colleges, to encourage the brightest and best students to apply

10、to Oxford, whatever their background. The university has been named the UK's most innovative university in the Launchit 2001 competition, which aimed to discover which British university has demonstrated the greatest achievements in innovation and enterprise across the broadest range of activity

11、. In the national Teaching Quality Assessment exercises for 2000, Oxford was awarded top marks in six out of ten subjects assessed. Oxford, Stanford and Yale Universities have recently become partners in a joint 'distance learning' venture, the Alliance for Lifelong Learning, which will prov

12、ide online courses in the arts and sciences. The mission of Oxford is to aim at achieving and maintaining excellence in every area of its teaching and research, maintaining and developing its historical position as a world-class university, and enriching the international, national, and regional com

13、munities through the fruits of its research and the skills of its graduates. In support of this aim the university will provide the facilities and support for its staff to pursue innovative research by responding to developments in the intellectual environment and society at large; and promote chall

14、enging and rigorous teaching which benefits from a fruitful interaction with the research environment, facilitating the exchange of ideas through tutorials and small-group learning and exploiting the University's resources in its libraries, museums, and scientific collections, to equip its gradu

15、ates to play their part at a national and international level. （一）Answer the following questions with the information from the passage.1. How many international students are studying at Oxford?2.What does a tutor do?3. Are good students often granted a scholarship? Why or why not?4.Why did the stude

16、nts and staff visit more than 3 700 schools and colleges in 2001?5. Would you like to study at Oxford University if you have an opportunity? List as many reasons as you can think of.（二）Choose the best answer to each question based on the information you obtain from the passage. 1. The main purpose o

17、f this passage is to _. A) provide scholarship information for Oxford applicants B) give an introduction to Oxford University in general C) explain the teaching and research systems of Oxford D) introduce the long history of Oxford2. The admission of an undergraduate student at Oxford is decided by

18、_. A) the university B) a fellow C) a professor D) the college3. _ are eligible for Marshall scholarships. A) Only British students B) Only US students C) Only Canadian Students D) All students4. The passage tells us that Oxford makes an effort to _. A) get the best students to study at Oxford B) pr

19、ovide its students with financial support C) elect the best candidates as its fellows D) ensure that every student has a tutor5. It can be inferred that _. A) Oxford has some of the best teachers in Britain B) some teachers at Oxford are not good enough C) Oxford and Stanford will be joined D) Oxfor

20、d is the best university in the world译文：牛津大学牛津大学是英国最古老大学，也是世界最著名高等学府。牛津大学始建于12世纪。它位于英格兰牛津，在伦敦西北约80公里处。牛津大学有16,300多名学生（19992000），其中留学生占将近四分之一。他们来自130多个国家。牛津大学有35个学院，还有5个由不同宗教团体建立私人学院。5个私人学院中，有3个只招男生。学院中，圣希尔达和萨默维尔学院只收女生，其他均为男女兼收。牛津每个学院都是独立于大学实体，由该学院院长和管委会成员负责管理。部分管委会成员都称为导师学院教师，其余是大学教授和讲师。每个学院管理自己房产和资

21、产，遴选自己管委会，选择和招收自己本科生。大学提供某些图书馆、实验室和其他设施，但教学和学生生活主要由各学院负责。牛津大学给每个学生指定一个导师，他主要通过辅导课监督学生学习。导师每周和1到2名学生见面一次，学生如需专业指导，还可以去约见其他导师，也可选听大学老师讲授课程。学生选听什么课程是根据自己兴趣和导师建议而定。学位由大学授予，而不是各个学院。最低文科或理科学位是优等文学学士。牛津还在其他众多学科领域授予最高学位，颁发文凭和证书。罗兹德奖学金面向美国、加拿大和很多其他国家学生，为他们提供至少两年牛津学习费用。英国政府为在牛津和其他英国境内大学里求学美国公民提供"马歇尔奖学金&q

22、uot;。然而，奖学金和助学金竞争极其激烈，而且通常要求很严。学生们在申请某一项奖学金之前应仔细核查是否有资格，因为多数奖学金对学生国籍和（或）课程都有限制。牛津师生员工积极参与主动招生活动，2001年这种活动有55项以上，包括走访3,700所中学，以鼓励优秀学生报考牛津大学，而不管其背景如何。在2001年度"创新"竞赛中，牛津大学被授予英国最具创新精神大学称号。该竞赛旨在发现哪一所英国大学在最广领域内取得了创新和进取最大成就。在2000年全英教学质量评估中，牛津在所评估10个科目中有6科得分高居榜首。牛津、斯坦福和耶鲁三所大学最近合作开发了 "远程学习"

23、;项目"终生学习联盟"，该项目将提供文科和理科在线课程。牛津使命是在教学和研究各个领域达到并保持领先地位，保持和加强其世界名校历史地位，通过其研究成果和毕业生技能促进地区、全国和全球发展。为了实现这个目标，学校将针对知识环境和整个社会发展需要，为员工提供进行创新研究所需设施和支持；提倡既富革新精神又严格认真教学，使教学与研究环境卓有成效地互动从而推动教学；通过导师指导和小组学习加速思想交流，通过开发学校图书馆、博物馆以及科学收藏方面参考答案：（一）1、About 4 000 international students are studying at Oxford.2、A

24、tutor supervises the students course of study and meets with them every week.3、Not necessarily. Because most of the scholarships are restricted to certain nationalities and / or courses.4、They visited those schools in order to encourage the brightest and best students to apply to Oxford.5、Open.（二）1.

25、B, 2.D, 3.B, 4.A, 5.AØ Your Dream Job: A Click Away Less than a month from graduation day, Theresa Smith of Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, had yet to find the right job. The career placement center referred the liberal-arts major to JOB-TRAK, an Internet site listing 45,000 entr

26、y-level positions. Smith selected four keywords: Chicago, business, marketing and full-time. Immediately she found 45 jobs meeting her criteria, including one as an assistant to an administrator at the University of Chicagos business school. Four weeks later she was hired at a starting salary of $32

27、,000. “I had no training,” says Smith, “but the Internet was extremely easy to use. Id never have known about this job without it.” Smith is one American who clicked her way into a job. Steven Tools is another. In 1996, the Rockville, Md., resident came across an employment site named CareerBuilder.

28、 He had just been promoted to director of marketing for a company that produces tradeshow exhibits and wasnt looking for a job. But curious, he decided to “give it a try.” Tools filled out a pro the keywords marketing manager and entered his electronic-mail address. Within a week his computers mailb

29、ox was filling up with available positions. Two interviews later he jumped to a new job. “The Internet is like hiring a personal assistant,” says Tools. “Effortlessly you can become aware of opportunities that may elevate your career.” Even a couple of years ago, most job listings on the Internet we

30、re in high-tech fields. Today, non-technical jobs salesclerks, bank tellers, secretaries, for example are the fastest growing segment of Internet employment opportunities. Most major newspapers and trade publications have online versions of their classified listings, enabling job-seekers to scan for

31、 work available across town, in another state, or around the world. Madeline Gragg and Nedzad Dozlic are still another two who clicked their luck online. In 1996, Madeline Gragg, a 28-year-old high school teacher from St. Louis, wanted a change. When a friend mentioned teaching English in Japan, Gra

32、gg was intrigued. She visited the popular Yahoo! website and typed teaching English in Japan for a list of employment opportunities. She then followed the procedure for the online application. A week later she received a call and set up an interview with a recruiter in Chicago and got the job. Nedza

33、d Dozlic, 27 years old, was scanning the Houston Chronicles Web site for the latest baseball trades. While online, he decided to check out the classifieds and spotted a job for a driver at a local car dealership. A refugee of the war in Bosnia, Dozlic had had a variety of jobs but was now ready for

34、something new. He read more about the position on the dealers Internet site and called the number listed. Two days later he was hired. “Its really funny,” he says, “I was just checking sports, and I ended up with a better job.” Another valuable use of the Internet is to research potential employers.

35、 When Wendy Mello started her job search in the summer of 1997, she logged on to CareerBuilder, where she learned of a human resources opening at Arbitrons, a media-information-services company in Columbia, Maryland. With a click of her mouse, Mello sent her résumé to the company via e-mai

36、l and soon received an invitation for an interview. To find out more about the company, she clicked on to Artitrons home page and that of its parent company, Ceridian Corp., where she reviewed an annual report and the companys financial performance. Mello also wanted to know how much shed have to ea

37、rn to maintain her present standard of living. Using an online salary calculator, she typed in her current salary, $34,000, and Baltimore (the nearest big city to Columbia). Within seconds her computer flashed $44,000. “Because of the salary calculator, I knew what to ask for,” says Mello. By access

38、ing an online real estate service, she saw color photos of rental properties, including detailed floor plans. When Mello arrived in Columbia, she felt completely prepared. The interview was a success, and the next day she was offered a job at a salary of $47,800. “The Internet is easy to use and it

39、works,” says one job seeker, “What more could you want?” （一）.Answer the following questions with the information from the passage.1. What is JOB-TRAK? 2.Does one need to have a lot of knowledge about the Internet before using it?3. Why did Gragg apply to teach English in Japan?4.What preparations di

40、d Mello make before she went for her interview?5. Compare job-seeking on the Internet and job-seeking on newspapers or at job markets. What are the strengths and limitations of each?（二） Choose the best answer to each question based on the information you obtain from the passage.1. Which of the follo

41、wing best summarizes the main idea of the passage? A) The Internet can help one find an overseas job. B) The Internet can give one information about all companies. C) One can find a better job with the help of the Internet. D) There are many employment websites one can turn to for help.2. "To c

42、lick one's way into a job" means _. A) to find a job by searching the Internet B) to get a job by clicking a mouse C) to access the job website D) to know the way to do one's job3. It can be inferred that _ . A) originally only job vacancies in high-tech fields were listed on the Intern

43、et B) most newspapers and publications don't have a section of classified listings C) many companies are using the Internet as their management assistants D) many people can get a job offer now without going through an interview4. Dozlic found a better job _. A) while browsing a website for base

44、ball trades B) by casually checking out an online classified ad C) because of his curiosity about the Internet D) because of the experience he obtained from other jobs5. Mello searched the Internet for all the following information except _. A) job vacancies B) a company's financial performance

45、C) the minimum salary D) rental properties译文：鼠标轻点，美梦成真还有不到一个月就要毕业了，特里萨·史密斯还没找到合适工作，她就读于位于伊利诺州埃文斯顿西北大学。就业指导中心建议这位文科生去查查JOB-TRAK网站，该网站上列出了45,000个初级水平职位。史密斯选择了四个关键词：Chicago（芝加哥），business（商务），marketing（营销），full time（全职）。她马上就找到45个工作合乎她标准，其中一个是芝加哥商业学院行政助理。四个星期以后，她得到了这份工作，底薪32,000美元。“我没有受过任何训练，”史密斯说，“

46、但因特网使用很简单。要是没有因特网，我根本不会知道有这份工作。”不少美国人鼠标一点，就找到了自己工作。史密斯是其中一个，另一个例子是斯蒂芬·图尔斯。他住在马里兰州罗科维尔，1996年无意中进到一个招聘网站CareerBuilder。他在一家生产商展展品公司工作，刚被提升为营销总管，并不想换工作。但是出于好奇心，他决定“试试看”。图尔斯填写了一份简历，关键词是market manager（行销经理），并输入了自己电子邮箱地址。不到一个星期，他邮箱里就塞满了可供选择职位。他去了两家公司面试，然后就跳槽了。“有了因特网，就像雇了一个私人助理，”图尔斯说。“你可以毫不费劲地留意到一些机会，让

47、你事业上一个新台阶。”仅在两年以前，因特网上提供工作绝大部分还局限于高科技领域。现在，非技术性工作，如售货员、银行职员、秘书等，是网上招聘机会增长最为迅速部分。大型报纸和专业出版物分类广告大多都有在线版，求职者能搜索到市内、国内甚至国外一些工作机会。马德琳·格拉格和内德扎德·多兹里克也是通过轻点鼠标，在网上碰到了好运。1996年，圣路易斯一名高中老师，28岁马德琳·格拉格，想换个工作。有个朋友提到在日本教书事，格拉格很感兴趣。她访问了著名yahoo！网站，输入了teaching English in Japan（在日本教英语），找到了一个招聘机会列表，然后按照在线

48、申请要求提交了申请。一星期后，她接到一个电话，与芝加哥一名招聘人员进行了面试，得到了这份工作。 27岁内德扎德·多兹里克，当时在浏览Houston Chronicle网站，了解最新棒球消息。在线时，他查看了分类广告，发现一家当地汽车交易商招聘司机。多兹里克是波斯尼亚战争难民，曾从事过多种不同工作，但现在他想换个工作。他从该交易商网站上了解了该职位更多情况，然后拨通了上面提供电话。两天后，他被雇用了。“真有意思，”他说，“我本来只是在查看体育消息，结果却找到了一份更好工作。”因特网另一个好处在于你能够搜索到一些可能雇主。1997年夏天，温蒂·梅洛开始找工作，她登录到Caree

49、rBuilder网站，发现在马里兰州哥伦比亚Artitron媒体信息服务公司人力资源部有一个空缺。梅洛鼠标一点，用电子邮件把简历寄到了该公司，很快就收到面试通知。为了了解该公司更多情况，她又点击了Artitron主页，以及它母公司Ceridian Corp.主页，查看了一份该公司年度报告及其财政状况。梅洛还想了解，要想维持现有生活水平，自己该赚多少钱。她使用在线薪酬计算器，把自己目前收入$34,000输进去，再输入Baltimore（巴尔摩，离哥伦比亚最近大城市）。短短几秒钟后，电脑屏幕上就闪现出$44,000。“因为有了这个薪酬计算器，我才知道自己该要多少薪水，”梅洛说。通过上网进入一家在线

50、房地产服务公司网站，梅洛看到了可供租用房子彩色照片，包括很详细楼面格局图。梅洛来到哥伦比亚时，她觉得自己完全做好了准备。面试成功了，第二天，她就得到了一份工作，薪金是47,8000美元。“因特网很容易使用，而且确实有效，”一个求职者说道，“你还要什么呢？” 参考答案：（一）1、It is an Internet website that lists as many as 45 000 job opportunities.2、Not necessarily so. According to Smith, the Internet was very easy to use. She found h

51、er job online with no training.3、Because she wanted a change in her life.4、She searched the Internet for information about the financial performance of the company she was interested in, the salary she should ask for, and the possible living accommodations available to her there.5、Open.（二）1.C, 2.A,

52、3.A, 4.A, 5.CØ The Victim You could call me a shop-a-holic, as most of my friends do, but I call myself a lover of fashion. Sitting in my room, I look in my closet at all my belongings and wonder what else I want to buy. Abercrombie, Guess, J Crew and Ralph Lauren are just a few of the name-bra

53、nd items that clutter my room. And I want more. I've never stopped to question whether I'm getting what I'm paying for, though I've always been a "smart" shopper, a sale shopper. But, as I learn more about my future field, marketing, I realize that I am a victim of advertis

54、ing. All the things I want and buy are influenced by what magazines, television, and other advertisers tell me I need to buy. Everyone wears clothes. They can be a statement, a style, or a definition of who you are. They can also be a simple necessity. For me, clothing has meant different things. As

55、 a child, I wore what my mother gave me or the hand-me-downs from my sister. I never questioned how I looked, but I liked to dress up. In middle school, I became more concerned with my appearance, like most girls. But as I progressed to high school, advertising became a big influence. Boys began to

56、notice girls, and all the girls wanted to look good. The clothing in high school became something that defined you; it identified you with a certain group. Wearing Abercrombie jeans meant you were the preppy all-American girl, a Guess shirt meant you were the snobby rich girl, and anything worse or

57、less than that was unacceptable. In college, advertising hit me in a different way. College is a place where typically no one knows you at first, so you can be whoever you want to be. There are so many students and such a variety of people that clothing begins to define you less and less and your pe

58、rsonality begins to define you more and more. Everyone is growing and changing and beginning to learn who they really are. Yet my friends and I still turn to advertising, now not only to stay in fashion but more so to find our own style. In my quest for identity, the style of clothing I choose reflects me. It shows my personality and shows what type of person I am. Despite my choice to have my clothing reflect and not define me, I remain a victim of advertising. Although I look to ads for the upcoming styles, I am still affected by the underlying images behind them