高职高专新标准英语第一册 包括文章B词汇

1、Unit Three GiftsTeaching Objective: 1. Master the key words and structures, and understand the main idea of the text.2. Put the expression and words t to daily use.Key Points:1. words and expressions 2. Comprehension and Sentence Structure: 3. Skills: numerals and How to write a note to go with a gi

2、ftTeaching Procedures: Lead In Activity(1) Study of the Text(2)Study of Words and Phrases(3) Study of Read More(4) Study of Practical Reading (5) Study of Practical Writing(6) Part I Lead in ActivityTeachers presentation: Different cultures have different etiquette of gift giving. When you give or r

3、eceive gifts to or from a person from a different culture, you should be aware of the cultural differences. In business practices, a good knowledge of cross cultural gift-giving etiquette seems to be increasingly important because of globalization. Some examples are presented here. Gift-Giving Etiqu

4、ette in Saudi Arabia:Gifts should only be given to the most intimate friends;Gifts should be of the highest quality;Never buy gold or silk as a present for men;Silver is acceptable;Always give or receive gifts with the right hand;It is not bad etiquette to open gifts when received.Gift-Giving Etique

5、tte in China:It is the proper etiquette for gifts to be exchanged with a good reason, as thanks for assistance;When the Chinese want to buy gifts it is not uncommon for them to ask what you would like;Do not be too frugal with your choice of gift otherwise you will be seen as an “iron rooster”;Avoid

6、 giving odd number when giving gifts. Chinese philosophy stresses harmony and balance, so give in pairs.Questions:Questions for after class:1. What do you usually give as gifts to your friends and family members?2. Are there any rules for the Chinese to follow when giving gifts? Is there anything fo

7、r the Chinese to avoid when giving gifts? Give some examples. The answers will be discussed next class.Part II Read InPart Division of the TextThe text can be roughly divided into two parts:Part 1 (Paragraph 1): Part 1 points out that gifts should be given on proper occasions.Part 2 (Paragraphs 2-8)

8、: Part 2 enumerates a few rules to follow when giving gifts. Explanation paragraph by paragraphNext, let learn the text paragraph by paragraph. First, I want to show you the important words and expression in the paragraph, then we will go through it together. In the end, some sentence structure will

9、 be emphasized, if there is any.Paragraph One Words and expressions:1. occasionCollocations:on occasionon the occasion ofan occasion foreg:I had met Professor Li on many occasions.For many students, the meeting on every Friday is an occasion for relaxation and exchange of ideas.Be serious, this is n

10、o occasion for laughter.occasion是可数名词，在文中的意思是“场合”，occasion还有一个重要的意思是“特殊的事件”，作可数名词。如：a great occasion 一次盛大的事件celebrate a special occasion 庆祝一次特别的事件Idiomatic Expressions: by occasion of 由于on occasion 有时rise to the occasion随机应变Paragraph two 1. presentpresent是一个多义词。它可以作为：- adj. 意思是“在场的，目前的”。- n.意思是“礼物，现

11、在”。- v.意思是“呈现，显示”等。Collocations:作为动词的present有如下搭配：present sb with sthpresent sth to sbeg.We presented our teacher with a portrait of her on her birthday.I was amazed when the little boy presented his own drawing to me.Idiomatic Expressions: present arms持枪敬礼present itself出现，呈现present oneself出席，到场Deri

12、vation:presentable adj. 体面的presentation n. 赠送，授予，呈现sentence structureWhen you arrive at a party, you may present your gift to the host once the introductions are made. Sentence Translation:参加聚会的时候，当你和主人相互介绍完毕，就可以立即呈上你的礼物。Sentence Paraphrase:When you come to a party, you may give your gift to the hos

13、t as soon as you have made introductions to each other.Structural Analysis:once作为连词引导时间状语从句，它的意思相当于as soon as或when。再看几个例句：Once you get to know him, you will like him. Water boils once the temperature reaches 100 .Paragraph three 1. modestmodest是形容词，通常含有褒义的感情色彩，指人“谦虚的，朴素的”，或指物“价值不高的”，有时用来指女士“端庄的”。mod

14、est还指“（在大小、数量、范围、价值上）适度的，不极端的”，文中用的就是这个意思。Eg.a modest gift 一件小礼物a modest price 适中的价格Collocations:be modest about 对很谦虚be modest with 对适度Examples:She is modest about the success she has achieved.You should be modest with the size of the party. Its very difficult to be a successful host if you have too

15、 many guests.Derivation:modesty n. 谦虚，羞涩modestly adv. 谦虚地，适度地，端庄地Comparison:modest， humble , lowly这三个词是近义词。modest 较常用，指“（态度）谦逊的，谦虚的”。如：He is modest about his merits.humble 指“（地位或身份）低下的，（为人）谦卑的”。如：He is of a humble origin. 他出身低微lowly意思和humble比较接近，指“（级别、地位、重要性）低下的，谦卑的”。如：a lowly employee一个普通职员Paragrap

16、h Four 1. last要把作为形容词的last和作为动词的last区分开来。作为动词的last可以是及物动词也可以是不及物动词，意思是“持续”，“够（某人）用（多久）”。Patterns:last + n. / adv. / pron.last + (sb) + n. / pron.Examples:The meeting lasted (for) three hoursThe good weather wont last long.The food in the fridge can last you three days.Will the milk last till tomorro

17、w?Phrasal Verb:last out 维持到结束，够用The patient wont last out this night.2. requirerequire是一个较为正式的词，它一般不用于进行体。require后面如果跟that从句作宾语，that从句中的动词要用情态助动词should+动词不定式，should可以省略，有时也可以用其他情态助动词，如shall。Patterns:需要require sthrequire + -ing分词require + that从句要求，规定require sb to dorequire sth of sbrequire + that从句Ex

18、amples:The plan requires careful thoughts.The students are required to get at least 200 credits before they graduate from the college.The new regulation requires that all students (should) not be late for class.Derivation: requirement n. 需要，需要的东西Paragraph Five sentence structurebut hard liquor can b

19、e given as a gift only when you know the host well and are certain that he would welcome such a gift.Sentence Translation:只有当你非常了解主人，而且肯定他会喜欢烈性酒时，你才可以送这样的礼物。Sentence Paraphrase:If you do not know the host well or you are not sure whether he is willing to accept such a gift as hard liquor, do not giv

20、e him such a gift.Structural Analysis:a) only when引导条件状语从句，当它引导的从句出现在句首时，可以引起局部倒装。如： Only when you know the host well and are certain that he would welcome such a gift, can hard liquor be given as a gift. Only when I myself became a mother, did I realize how much my parents had been devoted to me.实际

21、上，如果碰到“only+副词”，“only+介词词组”，“only+连词”这样的结构出现在句首时，主句都可以局部倒装。如：Only yesterday did he tell me the truth.Only after eighteen can you be employed.Only if he receives the invitation, will he go to the party.b) would在句中的意思并不表示“过去的将来”，在这里它表示“意愿”，相当于be willing to。would情态助动词除了作为will的过去式以外，还有很多含义。如： 表示委婉的请求Wou

22、ld you pass me the book, please?表示委婉的陈述或建议If you can help me, I would be very gratefulI dont think he would be so careless.表示过去惯常的动作Whenever I went to visit her, she would treat me to the best coffee and dessert she had.表示推测（口气不够肯定）A: It seems that someone is in the room.B: It would be George, I gue

23、ss. Paragraph six 1 personalpersonal的意思有“个人的，亲自的，涉及隐私的”等，通常无比较级。Collocations:personal letters私人信件a personal matter私事personal opinions个人见解personal taste个人趣味personal abuse人身攻击Comparison:Personal, private这两个词有相同之处，如“私人信件”也可以说private letters，“个人见解”也可以表达成private opinions。但是private更多是指“非公开的，非公立的，非公共的”，而pe

24、rsonal强调“个人的”。如下面一些表达中的private就不同于personal：a private garden私人花园a private talk非公开会谈a private business私营企业You cannot walk across the land. It is private property.I would like to talk / speak to the president himself; this is a personal matter.Derivation:personalize vt. 使成为个人所有，个人化personally adv. 亲自，就本

25、人而言，个别地Paragraph eight 1. Comparison:At one time , at a time at a time的意思是“每次，一次（完成几件事）”。如：He took two stairs at a time他两步并一步地奔上楼梯。而at one time侧重表示“同时”。如：They all tried to talk at one time.他们都抢着讲话。Useful Expressions:at times有时，不时at any one time一次，同时（=at one time）at the best of times在最有利的情况下at the sa

26、me time同时sentence structureLovely wrapping paper makes the gift nice to look at. Sentence Translation:可爱的包装纸使礼物看上去样子很好。Sentence Paraphrase:It is nice to look at the gift if it is wrapped in lovely paper.Structural Analysis:这是一个SVOC的句型，the gift是宾语，nice to look at是宾语补足语。这个宾语补足语是由形容词nice和动词不定式to look a

27、t构成的。宾语the gift是动词不定式to look at的逻辑宾语。在SVOC句型中，如果补语是一个含有介词的动词不定式，而且宾语是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，要注意不要遗漏介词。如文中这句话就不能说成：Lovely wrapping paper makes the gift to look.再看几个例子：The special device makes the music pleasant to listen to.The material makes the carpet comfortable to walk on.Home work after class.1. further Un

28、derstanding Questions Why shouldnt you give your host a gift that requires too much attention?Because the host will be very busy at the party and the gift should not be another task to his or her evening. Why is it a good idea to put a card with your gift?Because the card can remind the receiver of

29、the person who gives the gift.2. Review the text sentence by sentence, learn the important words and expression by heart; understand the sentence structure and put them into practical use.Part III Useful Expressions1. a gift from the Gods 幸运地得到的东西2. business is business 公事公办3. in business 营业中4. play

30、 host to 接待5. pay attention to 对注意6. add fuel to the fire 火上浇油7. be wrapped up in全神贯注于8. in search of 为了寻求，为了追求9. serve a purpose 起作用10. for all practical purposes 实际上Text BWords and Phrases1. wonder v. 想知道；对。感到疑惑e.g. (1)I wonder how she learned so many different languages.我想知道她是怎么学会这么多种语言的。(2) I wo

31、nder why he is always late for school.我想知道为什么他上学总是迟到。n. 奇迹，奇观；惊奇e.g. (1) They were filled with wonder when they saw the model of the dinosaur.看到恐龙模型时非常惊奇。(2) The terracotta warriors and horses of Qinshihuangs Mausoleum are known as the Eight Wonder of the World.秦始皇兵马俑被视为世界第八大奇迹。2.search v.&n.搜索，

32、搜寻e.g. (1) The police searched the whole house for the criminal.警察搜遍整个房子缉拿罪犯。(2) The scientists are searching for the source of SARS.科学家们正在查找非典的病源。(3) They found the lost child after a long search.经过很长时间的寻找，他们找到了这个走失的小孩。3. inexpensive adj. 便宜的，不贵重的Antonym: expensive4.burst v. 突然地发声或表达；爆裂e.g. (1) He

33、kept blowing up the balloon and finally it burst.他不停吹着气球，最后吹炸了。(2) In spring all the flowers burst open.春天百花竞放。e.g. There was a burst of applause in the hall.礼堂里爆发出一阵掌声。Phrase: burst into sth.突然。起来e.g. (1) At these words she burst into tears.听了这些话，她突然哭了。(2) The dining hall burst into flames.食堂突然起火了。

34、Burst out doing sth 突然（哭，笑，唱。）起来e.g. We all burst out laughing when we saw her dressed up like a clown.我们看到她打扮得像个小丑都哈哈大笑起来。5. disappear v 消失，不见e.g. (1) The sun disappeared behind a cloud. 太阳在云层后面消失了。(2) I followed him all the way, but he disappeared at the corner.我一路都跟着他，但到了拐角处，他就消失不见了。Disappearance

35、 n. 消失e.g. She was surprised by the disappearance of her bicycle.她的自行车不见了，她很惊讶。Antonym: appear6. purpose n.目的，意图；v。打算。，有意。e.g. (1) The company held the exhibition with the purpose of publicizing their products.公司举行展览会的目的是宣传他们的产品。(2) He purposes going abroad/ to go abroad after graduation他打算毕业后出国。Phr

36、ase: on purpose 有意地，故意地；特地e.g. Im sorry if I hurt you, but I didnt do it on purpose.如果我伤害了你，我跟你说对不起，但我不是有意的。7. live on ones own 独自生活e.g. (1) Being away from their parents, they have to live on their own at boarding school.父母不在身边，他们在寄宿学校生活起居只能全靠自己。(2) The old man lived on his own in a small farm desp

37、ite his childrens resistance.尽管孩子们反对，老人还是一个人生活在一座小农庄里。8. instead of 代替，而不是e.g. (1) You should eat more fish instead of meat.你应该多吃鱼，少吃肉。(2) She ,instead of yuou. Has been chosen as chairman of the Students union.是她，而不是你当选学生会主席。9. come across 来到，偶遇e.g. (1) I came across a friend at the meeting who I h

38、adnt seen for years.会上我碰到了一位多年未见的朋友。(2) If you come across anything you dont understand, go to the teacher.如果你碰到不懂的问题，去找老师。10. make up ones mind 下定决心e.g. (1) The boy made up his mind to be one of the richest men in the world.男孩立志要成为世界上最富有的人之一。(2) He made up his mind after being fired that he would s

39、tart a company of his own.被炒鱿鱼之后，他决定要自己开公司。11. keep with 随身携带某物e.g. (1) I dont keep too much money with me .我随身没带很多钱。(2) She loves the book so much that she keeps it with her at all times.她非常喜欢那本书，以至于随时都带着。12. by mistake 错误地e.g. (1) At the airport someone took my luggage by mistake.在机场，有人拿错了我的行李。(2)

40、 Being absent-minded, she put sugar into the dish by mistake.她心不在焉，错把糖放进了菜里。13.hear from 收到某人的信e.g. I havent heard from my friend for a long time;I wonder if something has happened to him.我很长时间都没有收到朋友的来信了，我想他是不是出了什么事。Part IV Writing1. Summary WritingDirections:Read Text B “A Birthday Present,” and w

41、rite a summary of about 100 words. Note that your summary should include the main ideas of the story. Please pay attention to the use of conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs. The teacher will ask one student to read out his or her summary in class. This would be our homework, so please prepare it se

42、riously.Summary for reference:A college student without much money, Sally had no idea what she could give to her mother as a birthday present. She wanted something inexpensive but nice and useful. Finally, she decided on a nice but low-priced umbrella. Then she took a train home along with her umbre

43、lla. On the train, she went to the buffet car for a meal, leaving the umbrella above her seat. Unfortunately, when she came back, she found it gone. She was very upset. The other three passengers asked her for her mothers address and promised to send back the umbrella if they could find it. Surprisi

44、ngly, Sally got a letter from her mother the next week, saying that she had received three beautiful black umbrellas on her birthday.2. Writing Accelerator贺卡贺言表示一般的祝愿 Hope you have lots of fun. 希望你欢乐无比。 Hope for the best. 祝你一切顺利！ Get your desire. 祝如愿

45、以偿。 Take good care of yourself. 多多保重。 Good luck to you! 祝你好运！ Good luck for your future! 祝你今后一切顺利！ Good luck with you! 好运伴你！ I wish you a happy life. 祝你生活幸福！ Warmly greeting to you! 真诚地祝福你！

46、All the best! 万事如意！ You have our good wishes. 我们为你祝贺。 May good luck wait upon you. 好运在等你。 Enjoy yourself. 祝你过得快活。 Holiday Greetings! 节日好！ I hope you have a good voyage. 祝你一路顺风。 Have a nice t

47、rip. 旅行愉快！ Wishing you a pleasant journey. 祝你旅途愉快！ I hope you are making big progress in your studies. 祝你学习取得很大进步。 Wishing you all the luck in the world. 祝你好运俱来。 Every success with you!

48、 祝你事事成功！ Hope things go all right with you! 祝你万事如意！ Wish you the best of health and success! 祝你身体健康，事业成功！ Im most anxious for you to success. 我非常希望你成功。 Wishing you success in your 

49、new career! 祝你在新的事业上取得成功。 I hope everything goes well. 希望你事事顺意。 May peace and happiness be with you. 愿平安和幸福伴随着你。 The best of everything to you. 祝你玩得开心。 Greetings! 祝贺你！Miss you! 怀念你！ Wishing you happiness.

50、祝你幸福。 Best wishes. 致以最好的祝福。 Hoping you have a good holiday! 希望你过个愉快的假日。 Best wishes for passing the examination! 预祝你考试通过。贺卡贺言慰问用语 Your sympathy has brought us great comfort. 你的慰问给出我带来了莫大的安慰。 Your sympathy 

51、and kindness will always be remembered. 你的慰问和关心，我将永铭在心。 With many, many thanks for all your heartfelt sympathy. 对你发自内心的同情，致以万分感谢。 I want you to know how much I sympathize with you 

52、and your family. 谨向你和你的家人表示最深切的慰问。 How deeply we feel for you in your sorrow. 在你非伤的时刻，我们对你深表同情。 With thanks from the family to tell you that your kind expression of sympathy is

53、0;deeply appreciated. 我们全家对你的诚挚慰问深表谢意。 贺卡贺言祝贺成功 Id like to take the opportunity to express my congratulations on your scoring the triumph. 我想藉此机会向你所取得的这个胜利表示祝贺。 Let me offer my enthusiastic congratula

54、tions upon finishing the task. 让我对你完成这项任务表示热烈的祝贺。 The talent of success is nothing more than doing what you can do well and doing well whatever you do. Congratulations on 

55、;you success! 成功的天才不外乎你能做好的一切和做好你所做的一切。祝贺你取得成功！ Warmest congratulations on your appointment as managing director. 热烈祝贺你就任董事长。 It is with great pleasure that we send our congratulations and best wishes

56、 on the occasion of your new appointment. 在你就任新职之际，我们怀着极大的喜悦向你祝贺，并致以最良好的祝愿。 I trust that this appointment will give you even greater scope for both service to your profession and&#

57、160;personal achievement. Please accept my heartiest congratulations and best wishes for the future. 我相信此次荣升对你的业务与个人业绩，都有更大的发展机会。衷心祝贺，并对你的将来表示最良好的祝愿。 Congratulations on your latest promotion. I believe tha

58、t youll make good in your new job. 恭喜你最近的升迁，我相信你定能胜任新职。 The promotion means more work and more pay. God luck to you! 晋升意味着更多的工作，更多的报酬。祝你好运。 May I express best wishes for your 

59、continued success as president of your company. 让我表示良好的祝愿，祝你在任公司总经理期间继续取得更大的成功。 The recognition you have obtained is well deserve你得到赏识是当之无愧的。 It is great to hear about your recent promotion. 

60、;I hope youll find happiness in this new post. 听说你最近得到升迁，真是棒极了。我希望你在新的岗位上工作愉快。 You have our hest wishes for even greater success in all that you undertake. 我们祝你在今后的事业中取得更大的成就。 贺卡贺言祝贺健康 I wis

61、h you a speedy recovery. 祝你早日康复。 The best of health. 祝你健康。 I do hope you will soon get well again. 我真诚希望你早日康复。 Health is the road to happiness. Get better soon.健康是幸福之道。祝早日康复。 Wishing

62、60;you a quick return to good health. 愿你尽快恢复健康！ Theres not a day that goes by without my praying for you. 没有一天我不曾为你祈祷。 Thinking about you and sending this warm get-well greeti

63、ng your way to hope youll be feeling much better and more like yourself every day. 思念你，送上这份温馨的祝愿。愿你时时都有好转，健康日日增强。 Were sure it wont be long before youre back on your feet

64、 again. 我们确信你的身体很快便会复原。 With best wishes for your quick and complete return to health. 衷心地祝你早日痊愈，完全康复。 Hoping a few days will restore your health. 希望你不日就能恢复健康。 May the year of 2005 find

65、 all your family in the best health and spirits. 祝2005年合家身体健康，精神愉快贺卡贺言祝贺生日 Many happy returns of the day. 祝你生日快乐多多！ On your Birthday! 祝你生日快乐！ On your happy day! 祝你生日快乐！ For You. And Your Happy Day! 祝贺你，祝你生日快乐！ With best wishes for a happy birthday! 真诚地祝