国际结算chapter 7-documents

1、1Chapter Seven Documents Under the Credit2Documents Under the CreditvSome issues relating to documents under the creditvDocuments 3Documents Under the CreditvSome issues relating to documents under the credit1.Ambiguity as to issuers of documents 单据签发人Terms such as first class, well known, qualified

2、, independent, official, competent or local used to describe the issuer of a document allow any issuer except the beneficiary to issue that document. -Article 3,UCP6004Documents Under the Credit2.Original Documents and Copies 单据的正本和副本a. At least one original of each document stipulated in the credit

3、 must be presented. b. A bank shall treat as an original any document bearing an apparently original signature, mark, stamp, or label of the issuer of the document, unless the document itself indicates that it is not an original. 5Documents Under the Creditc. Unless a document indicates otherwise, a

4、 bank will also accept a document as original if it: i. appears to be written, typed, perforated or stamped by the document issuers hand; or ii. appears to be on the document issuers original stationery; or iii. states that it is original, unless the statement appears not to apply to the document pr

5、esented. 6Documents Under the Creditd. If a credit requires presentation of copies of documents, presentation of either originals or copies is permitted. e. If a credit requires presentation of multiple documents by using terms such as in duplicate, in two fold or in two copies, this will be satisfi

6、ed by the presentation of at least one original and the remaining number in copies, except when the document itself indicates otherwise. 7【实战案例】关于信用证对副本的要求【实战案例】关于信用证对副本的要求当信用证有要求提供单据的副本时，出口商往往是漫不经心的。例如：有个信用证的条款是这样的：“Full set of clean on board ocean B/L, 3 original and 2 N/N copies”. 对于这三份正本提单，出口商不敢

7、怠慢，做得很谨慎。但是遇到2份 non negotiable copies 时，那就很随意了。在复印机上制成二份了事。而开证银行由此而提出的拒付不在少数：“Photocopies of B/L presented instead of N/N copies of B/L”.正本提单显示有“Original”字样。而不可转让副本提单则标注有“Copy- non negotiable ”字样。ICC 有关案例曾有这样的说明，必须根据信用证的具体要求提交相应的副本。一套提单中的“non-negotiable copy”指的是一种特定的副本提单，不象一般copy那样泛指任何副本。因此，当信用证要求N/

8、N copy时，提交一份包括Photocopy 在内的普通副本是不能接受的。8一般讲来，当信用证仅要求提交副本（copy）时，而未明确要求是何种副本。如果提交复写副本，影印副本或者电脑系统制作的副本均被认为是允许的。但是最近中国银行收到一个拒付电，对方提出的拒付内容是这样的“Its remitted a copy of GSP Form A instead of photocopy”。也许开证行的本意是要求提供一份影印副本，而实际受益人交来的是一式数联中的一个副本，这样就被认为和信用证规定不相一致了。另有一个信用证的规定是这样的：“Signed commercial invoice in fi

9、ve fold .”通常的做法是提交一份正本，其余为副本即可。但是副本无须一定要签字，而这里的Signed一词应被理解成副本发票也需要签字，这就要引起出口商注意了。简言之，受益人在单据副本的制作和处理上是不能粗心大意的，对于信用证的具体条款所规定的内容一定要进行辨析。9Documents Under the Credit3.SignatureA document may be signed by handwriting, facsimile signature, perforated signature, stamp, symbol or any other mechanical or ele

10、ctronic method of authentication. -Article 3,UCP600Question:Which documents must be signed?10Documents Under the Credit4.Unspecified issuers or contents of documents If a credit requires presentation of a document other than a transport document, insurance document or commercial invoice, without sti

11、pulating by whom the document is to be issued or its data content, banks will accept the document as presented if its content is consistent with the credit. 115.The language of the documents单据的语单据的语言言Under international standard banking practice, it is expected that documents issued by the beneficia

12、ry will be in the language of the credit. 12【实战案例】单据中究竟可否额外加注中文内【实战案例】单据中究竟可否额外加注中文内容？容？只要信用证没有“另有规定”，银行在审单时通常是不介意它的存在与否。但是中国也曾确实收到过开证银行的“拒付电”，他们的理由是：审单时发现受益人提交的发票等单据里面夹着许多中文内容，看不懂，无法审阅，因而也就不能履行付款责任了。银行翻阅了单据的留档，发现发票中的确夹着不少中文内容，并且也有英文意思显示。“600号条款”和信用证对此并没有作出任何具体的限制。银行认为单据是相符的，并作出回应13“According to gen

13、eral practice, it is unjustified that you could refuse the docs only because the docs were partly issued in the language which can not be checked by you . So we consider that docs presented are fully complied with the terms and conditions of the credit”. 金额最后是收回来了，但是为了避免不必要的纠葛和费用。在出口企业制单时应尽量避免加列过多的中

14、文内容，实在不能避免时，也应在下面加注英文翻译146.Corrections and alterations 单据的修正单据的修正和变更和变更Corrections and alterations of information or data in documents, other than documents created by the beneficiary, must appear to be authenticated by the party who issued the document or by a party authorized by the issuer to do s

15、o. The authentication must show by whom the authentication has been made and include the signature or initials of that party. ISBP FOR UCP60015【实战案例】【实战案例】当我们在做单据时，有时会遇到有修改的地方，或者是因为字母打错，或者在单据上需要作一些微小的调整。一般在“修正处”旁加盖校正章证实，这也是被银行所普遍接受的。国际商会银行家委员会在1998年秋第四卷中，对某一个案例进行解释时，专家们对此曾有过这样的补充说明：一份运输单据在更正处必须要有盖章和

16、签名或者手签来加以证实，从而确定该单据是由谁来证明的。我们姑且不论国际商会银行家委员会对某一个特定案例有什么样的解释。但是一般为安全为安全收汇起见，在运输单据的修正处盖校正章的收汇起见，在运输单据的修正处盖校正章的旁边加注手签也被认为是必要的。旁边加注手签也被认为是必要的。16Documents Under the Credit7.date7.date(1)Interpretations e.g.(1)If the credit stipulates shipment on or about Jan.10,2001, then the date of on board bill of ladi

17、ng may not be_. A、Jan.13,2001 B、Jan.5,2001 C、Jan.6,2001 D、Jan.16,2001(2) A Documentary Credit states that shipment must be made on or about 27 June. Which of the following shipment dates would be acceptable? 1. 21 June. 2. 27 June. 3. 02 July 4. 03 July A. 1 and 2 only. B. 1 and 4 only. C. 2 and 3 o

18、nly. D. 3 and 4 only. 17Documents Under the Credita.The expression on or about or similar will be interpreted as a stipulation that an event is to occur during a period of five calendar days before until five calendar days after the specified date, both start and end dates included. 18Documents Unde

19、r the Credite.g.(3)If the credit stipulates shipment from 30 Jan. to 15 Feb., which of the following shipment dates would be acceptable? A. 30 Jan. B. 31 Jan. C. 15 Feb. D. 16 Feb.(4) If the credit stipulates shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C, and the credit is advised on 28 April, which

20、 of the following shipment dates would be acceptable? A. 28 Apr. B. 29 Apr. C. 10 May D. 28 May(5)If a credit says its Validity period is 30 days from the issuing date(30 Aug.), the expiry date is .19Documents Under the Creditb. The words to, until, till, “from” and “between” when used to determine

21、a period of shipment include the date or dates mentioned, and the words “before” and after exclude the date mentioned. The words “from” and after when used to determine a maturity date exclude the date mentioned. 20Documents Under the CreditThe terms first half and second half of a month shall be co

22、nstrued respectively as the 1st to the 15th and the 16th to the last day of the month, all dates inclusive. The terms beginning, middle and end of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 10th, the 11th to the 20th and the 21st to the last day of the month, all dates inclusive.21Doc

23、uments Under the Credit(2) Issuance date出单日出单日A document may be dated prior to the issuance date of the credit, but must not be dated later than its date of presentation. 22Documents Under the Credit(3)Expiry date for Presentation交单日交单日A credit should state an expiry date for presentation. If not, t

24、he presentation must be made not later than 21 calendar days after the date of shipment, but in any event not later than the expiry date of the credit. 23Documents Under the CreditvDocuments1.Financial documents 金融单据金融单据 (?)2.Commercial documents商业单据商业单据3.Shipping documents运输单据运输单据4.Insurance docume

25、nts保险单据保险单据5.Other documents其他单据其他单据241.Bill of exchange汇票汇票 exercise25 关于汇票的几个问题（1）信用证规定的“一切单据”包括汇票吗？【CASE】：all documents must be issued in ENGLISH【CASE】：all documents must be marked the No. of contract【CASE】：2005年，韩国中小企业银行与青岛华天的纠纷案件中，信用证下要求汇票付款期限为见票后90天，结果提交的汇票付款期限为即期，开证行以汇票付款期限错误为由据此拒付。之后，受益人补交了合

26、格的汇票，虽然在有效期之内但已过交单期，开证行据此再次拒付。再次拒付成立吗？26（2）汇票到期日如何计算？【CASE】：at 30 days after sight pay to ?【QUESTION】:When a credit calls for drafts at a tenor 60 days after the bill of lading date, and when the date of the bill of lading is 14 May 2013, how to indicate the tenor on the draft?（3）汇票是开证行之外的银行作为付款人，该行

27、拒付，但开证行接受时，如何确定到期日？272.Invoice发票发票(1) commercial invoice商业发票商业发票 Rules:i. A commercial invoice must appear to have been issued by the beneficiary, unless otherwise stipulated in the creditii. A commercial invoice must be made out in the name of the applicant，unless otherwise stipulated in the credit

28、iii. must be made out in the same currency as the credit; and 28iv. need not be signed. . A nominated bank acting on its nomination, a confirming bank, if any, or the issuing bank may accept a commercial invoice issued for an amount in excess of the amount permitted by the credit, and its decision w

29、ill be binding upon all parties, provided the bank in question has not honored or negotiated for an amount in excess of that permitted by the credit. . The description of the goods, services or performance in a commercial invoice must correspond with that appearing in the credit. 29Drawing-up of Inv

30、oiceName and address of issuer（seller）出票人/卖方，一般为受益人，除非信用证另有规定Question:(1)如果受益人名称和地址因搬迁、合并等原因发生变化，出具人如何填写？30Name and address of buyer(sold to; consignee)抬头（收货人/买方）：一般为开证申请人，除非信用证另有规定Question：（1）开证申请人为两个公司，如“APPLICANT:ABC CO. FOR ACCOUNT OF EFG CO. LTD”,如何出具发票？（2）信用证规定：“APPLICANT: ABC CO. LTD., PARIS;

31、 INVOICE TO BE MADE OUT IN THE NAME OF KS CO. LTD., PARIS”, 如何出具发票？（3）信用证：“APPLICANT: ABC CO. LTD., PARIS; INVOICE ISSUED TO ABC CO. LTD., PARIS ON BEHALF OF ID CO. PARIS”,如何出具？31Number and date of issuance Number and date of L/C or Contract or S/CPort of loading and port of discharge and vessel, if

32、 knownMarks & Numbers唛头与编号Description of Goods 货物描述 In documents other than the commercial invoice, the description of the goods, services or performance, if stated, may be in general terms not conflicting with their description in the credit. article 14(e)Case Study:信用证规定货描：Iron ore concentrate

33、(铁精砂)。提交的保险单据显示货描：koolyanobbing lump iron ore(西澳洲块状铁矿石)。二者矛盾吗？国际商会结论：这是可以拒付的。Banks are not required to be experts in the field of goods, their type, characteristics or branding.33Documents Under the CreditQuestion 1: credit extract: covering ：QINGDAO color TV which is right in commercial invoice? A、

34、 TV B、 color TV C、 QINGDAO color TV D、21# QINGDAO color TV E、Colored TV34【实战案例】【实战案例】某年4月5日巴基斯坦卡拉奇H银行开来信用证一份，金额4757.58英镑，购买我国产松香（Rosin），即期付款。6月2日，我出口公司交来商业发票等单据议付时，经审单，所有项目均相符，唯货物名称在发票上写为：“Gum Rosin”。据称，原合同上所用货名就如此。“Gum”为树脂之意，松香即属树脂。议付行虽提出信用证上为“Rosin”,发票另加“Gum”恐造成单证不符。但出口公司坚持认为原合同如此，信用证未写完整，进口方十分清楚，

35、不会有事。议付行遂寄单给开证行。但是开证行来电声称，因发票“货名与信用证不符”，拒付。最后我出口公司被迫降价28，并赔付仓租等费用1050美元。35 TIPS对L/C中没有规定的内容，发票上应尽量少作说明。但ISBP745对此有了改变，明确货物货物描述可以添加，但不得改变原货物的性质描述可以添加，但不得改变原货物的性质-provided it does not refer to a different nature, classification or category。Question: compliance or discrepancy? (1)credit: “Suede Shoes”（

36、绒面革鞋子） invoice:“Imitation Suede Shoes” (2)credit:built in 1980 invoice: rebuilt in 198036 如果L/C内容没有规定详细品质和规格，必要时可按合同加注一些说明，但不能与L/C内容相抵触，必要时可注明：“OTHER DETAILS ARE AS PER CONTRACT NO. XXX”代替其他描述。 如果信用证在货描之后注有：“AS PER CONTRACT NO.XXX”等有关发货依据的样子，发票中应照抄或有所体现，如“ALL OTHER DETAILS ARE AS PER CONTRACT NO. XX

37、X” 如果信用证规定价格术语及版本，则发票应该照抄。如果信用证没有规定出处和版本，发票上可以添加，但加的内容必须是“applicable”.37Documents Under the CreditCase 1Credit says:100 cartons Jade Products, including 50 cartons of Chang E Flies to the Moon and 50 cartons of Xichun at Drawing.Invoice indicates:Description of goodsQuantity Unit priceChang E Flies

38、to the Moon50cartons USD1,000Xichun at Drawing50cartons USD90038 TIPS如果信用证中列明的货物较多，又冠有统称，制单时在具体品名上面应照来证打统称39Documents Under the CreditCase 2A Company sold frozen rabbit to France. When the company presented all documents for payment, he was dishonored by the issuing bank because of the discrepancy a

39、s follows: the description of goods in the invoice wast the same with that in the bill of lading. The invoice says “Lapin congele avesons”, however, its “Frozen rabbit” in the B/L.The company explained that Frozen rabbit is Lapin congele avesons in French. They referred to the same thing.40Documents

40、 Under the CreditQuantity数量数量The words about or approximately used in connection with the amount of the credit or the quantity or the unit price stated in the credit are to be construed as allowing a tolerance not to exceed 10% more or 10% less than the amount, the quantity or the unit price to whic

41、h they refer. A tolerance not to exceed 5% more or 5% less than the quantity of the goods is allowed, provided the credit does not state the quantity in terms of a stipulated number of packing units or individual items and the total amount of the drawings does not exceed the amount of the credit. 41

42、Documents Under the CreditUnit price单价单价e.g: USD 25 per metric CIF NEWYORK（包含计价货币、计价单位、单位数额和价格术语四个（包含计价货币、计价单位、单位数额和价格术语四个部分）部分）Amount 总金额总金额42About the Amount of Invoice ISBP745 Para c6:An invoice is to indicate:The value of the goods shipped or delivered, or services or performance provided.Unit p

43、rice(s), when stated in the credit.The same currency as that shown in the credit.Any discount or deduction required by the credit.Para c7:a.An invoice may indicate a deduction covering advance payment, discount, etc., that is not stated in the credit.43About the Amount of Invoice CASE STUDYCASE STUD

44、Y信用证规定：IC 10000Ps, USD2.00/PC FOB Xiamen, total amount USD20000.00.提交的发票显示：上述折扣显示可以接受吗？附加的包装材料费，可以接受吗？IC 10000Pcs, USD2.00/PC FOB Xiamen, amount USD20000.00Discount 5%:-USD1000.00Deducted:-USD2000.00Packing materials fee added:+USD100.00Total amount:=USD17100.0044Documents Under the CreditSpecial re

45、quirements e.g.:We certify all shoes have printed MADE IN CHINASellers signature A commercial invoice need not be signed. 45Documents Under the CreditQuestion 2:Credit extract:Credit amount：USD100,000Quantity : 500 metric tonsU/P:USD200/MT CIF LondonInvoice:450 (525/475)metric tons goods at USD200 p

46、er metric ton CIF LondonTotal value : USD 90,000(105,000/95,000)Does this invoice comply with the credit?46Documents Under the CreditQuestion 3:Credit extract:Credit amount：USD100,000Quantity : about 500 metric tonsU/P:USD200/MT CIF LondonInvoice450 (550/475)metric tons goods at USD200 per metric to

47、n CIF LondonTotal value : USD 90,000(110,000/95,000)Does this invoice comply with the credit?47Question:（1） If the credit amount is USD 3000.00, however the value of the shipped goods is USD 3100, how to draw the invoice?（2）credit :“Red/Black/Blue” ink invoice: ?48TIPS: Virgules (i.e., slash marks “

48、/”) may have different meanings, and should not be used as a substitute for a word. If, nevertheless, a virgule is used and no context is apparent, this will allow one or more of the options. For example, a condition in a credit stating “Red/Black/Blue” with no further clarification will mean only R

49、ed or only Black or only Blue or any combination of them. 49Documents Under the Credit（2）proforma invoice(PI, P/I)形式发票形式发票 Functions of PI-As reference -As a sales confirmation in some countries-A proof required by the buyer so that an import license and /or foreign exchange permit and/or letter of

50、credit will be approved by the authorities The elements of a PI often are the same as a commercial invoice except the words “proforma invoice”, however the PI does not have the legal effect.50Documents Under the Credit(3) Receipt invoice收讫发票收讫发票 “Value/payment received under credit no.XXX issued by

51、XXX Bank”(4) Sample invoice样品发票样品发票 An invoice used for the seller sending sample to the buyer(5) Customs invoice 海关发票海关发票 A special invoice required by the importing customs for the purpose of determining the value and origin of the imported goods.51Documents Under the Credit(6) Manufacturers invoi

52、ce 厂方发票厂方发票 An invoice issued in domestic currency by the manufacturer to the exporter(7) Consular invoice 领事发票领事发票 An invoice covering a shipment of goods certified in the country of export by a local consul of the country for which the merchandise is destined.(8) Legalized invoice 签证发票签证发票 Similar

53、 to consular invoice52Notes:A credit requiring an “invoice” without further definition will be satisfied by any type of invoice presented (commercial invoice, customs invoice, tax invoice, final invoice, consular invoice, etc.). However, invoices identified as “provisional”, “pro-forma” or the like

54、are not acceptable unless specifically authorized in the credit. When a credit requires presentation of a commercial invoice, a document titled “invoice” will be acceptable. -ISBP FOR UCP60053【实战案例】因发票上没有显示开证人详细地【实战案例】因发票上没有显示开证人详细地址而拒付址而拒付 开证行有一个不符点是这样提的：“发票开证人名称不完整”。议付行翻阅了存档中的发票留底，只见发票抬头只打了开证人的名称。

55、对于信用证开证人栏里的详细地址，却被忽略掉了。对于这个“不符点”，银行根据UCP600和ISBP认为这条“不符点”不能成立。因为发票抬头已显示了开证人完整的名称。于是给予回电，要求对方付款。此笔单据在发电后数日金额就收回，但是对方在货款中扣掉了15美元的“不符点”费和15美元的电报费。究竟开证人的名称是否应包括他的详细地址，有待专家解释。但此“不符点”毕竟价值30美元。54Documents Under the Credit3.Transport documents(1) Bill of lading提单提单 Functions of a bill of lading-As a receipt

56、 of the goods 货物收据-As evidence of the contract运输合同的证明-As document of title物权凭证55Documents Under the CreditDrawing-up of B/LName of shipping company（carrier）承运人 A bill of lading must appear to indicate the name of the carrier and be signed by the carrier or a named agent for or on behalf of the carri

57、er, or the master or a named agent for or on behalf of the master. 显示承运人名称，并由承运人或船长或他们的代表签署Name of shipper/Consignor托运人/发货人, usually the exporter or his agentName of consignee or order收货人/抬头, correspondence with that appearing in the credit 56Documents Under the CreditExercise Full set of B/L consig

58、ned to ABC Co.B/L issued to order of ApplicantFull set of B/L made out to our ordera.A Company of China receives a credit from USA, which says “B/L issued to order, B Company as shipper on Bill of Lading”.B Company is the intermediary. Is the credit accepted?57Documents Under the CreditNotify party

59、通知人，usually the importer or his agentPre-carriage by,前段运输；Place of Receipt,接货地点；Ocean vessel, voyage No.,船名和航次Port of loading装货港Port of discharge卸货港；final destination最终目的地Marks&Numbers唛头与号码58Documents Under the CreditDescription of the goods货描Details of freight 运费Number of original B/L正本提单份数Plac

60、e and date of Issue 提单签发地点和日期 The date of issuance of the B/L will be deemed to be the date of shipment unless the B/L contains an on board notation indicating the date of shipment Signed for the carrier59Documents Under the CreditTypes of B/LMulti-modal/Combined transport B/L多式联运提单Container B/L集装箱提单Straight B