高中英语必修三Book3-Unit4-astronomy-warming-up-reading教学内容

1、Unit 4Unit 4 Astronomy: Astronomy: the science of the starsthe science of the stars第一页，共81页。How much do you know about the universe?第二页，共81页。Think about these questions and then discuss them with your partner. In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun. What are they? Can you match the

2、names with the planets?第三页，共81页。solar system太阳系太阳系第四页，共81页。第五页，共81页。Mercury(水星水星)Venus(金星金星)Mars(火星火星)Jupiter(木星木星)Uranus(天王星天王星)Neptune(海王星海王星)Earth(地球地球)Saturn(土星土星)第六页，共81页。My Very Excellent Mother Just Sent Us Nine PizzasHow to remember the order of the eight planets around the sun?EarthJupiterM

3、arsMercuryNeptuneSaturnUranusVenus第七页，共81页。水星最接近太阳，是太阳系中第二小行星。水星的英文名字水星最接近太阳，是太阳系中第二小行星。水星的英文名字MercuryMercury来自罗马神墨丘利。墨丘利也就是希腊神话中的来自罗马神墨丘利。墨丘利也就是希腊神话中的HermesHermes。或许由于水星在空中移动得快，才使它得到这个名字。或许由于水星在空中移动得快，才使它得到这个名字。 金星是离太阳第二近，太阳系中第六大行星。古希腊人称之为金星是离太阳第二近，太阳系中第六大行星。古希腊人称之为Aphrodite(Aphrodite(阿芙罗狄蒂阿芙罗狄蒂) )

4、，是希腊神话中爱与美的女神。而在罗马，是希腊神话中爱与美的女神。而在罗马神话中爱与美的女神是维纳斯神话中爱与美的女神是维纳斯Venus Venus ，因此金星也称做，因此金星也称做“维纳维纳斯斯”。 地球是距太阳第三颗，它是太阳系类地行星中最大的一颗，也是太地球是距太阳第三颗，它是太阳系类地行星中最大的一颗，也是太阳系第五大行星，行星年龄估计大约有阳系第五大行星，行星年龄估计大约有4545亿年亿年(4.5(4.5109)109)。地球是。地球是唯一一个不是从希腊或罗马神中得到的名字。唯一一个不是从希腊或罗马神中得到的名字。EarthEarth一词来自于古一词来自于古英语及日耳曼语。这里英语及日

5、耳曼语。这里(zhl)(zhl)当然有许多其他语言的命名。在罗当然有许多其他语言的命名。在罗马神话中，地球女神叫马神话中，地球女神叫TellusTellus肥沃的土地。肥沃的土地。 火星为距太阳第四远，也是太阳系中第七大行星。因为火星在夜空火星为距太阳第四远，也是太阳系中第七大行星。因为火星在夜空中看起来是血红色的，所以在西方，以罗马神话中的战神中看起来是血红色的，所以在西方，以罗马神话中的战神MarsMars命名命名它。它。 第八页，共81页。木星是离太阳第五木星是离太阳第五(d w)(d w)颗行星，而且是最大的一颗。木颗行星，而且是最大的一颗。木星是天空中第四亮的物体。木星是自转最快的行

6、星。在西方星是天空中第四亮的物体。木星是自转最快的行星。在西方称它为朱庇特称它为朱庇特JupiterJupiter，是罗马神话中的众神之王，相当，是罗马神话中的众神之王，相当于希腊神话中的宙斯（于希腊神话中的宙斯（ZeusZeus）。）。 土星是离太阳第六远的行星。是太阳系中仅次于木星的第二土星是离太阳第六远的行星。是太阳系中仅次于木星的第二大行星。中国古代称之为镇星或填星。土星的英文名字大行星。中国古代称之为镇星或填星。土星的英文名字SaturnSaturn（以及其他绝大部分欧洲语言中的土星名称）是以罗（以及其他绝大部分欧洲语言中的土星名称）是以罗马神的农神萨杜恩命名的。希腊神话中的农神马神

7、的农神萨杜恩命名的。希腊神话中的农神CronusCronus是是UranusUranus（天王星）和该亚的儿子，也是宙斯的父亲。（天王星）和该亚的儿子，也是宙斯的父亲。 第九页，共81页。天王星是太阳系中离太阳第七远行星，颜色为灰蓝色，是天王星是太阳系中离太阳第七远行星，颜色为灰蓝色，是一颗巨型气体行星一颗巨型气体行星(Gas Giant)(Gas Giant)。以直径计算，天王星是。以直径计算，天王星是太阳系第三大行星；天王星的命名，是取自希腊神话的天太阳系第三大行星；天王星的命名，是取自希腊神话的天神乌拉诺斯神乌拉诺斯 Uranus Uranus。乌拉诺斯是古希腊神话中的宇宙。乌拉诺斯是古

8、希腊神话中的宇宙之神，是最早的至高无上的神。他是该亚的儿子兼配偶，之神，是最早的至高无上的神。他是该亚的儿子兼配偶，是是CronusCronus（农神土星）、独眼巨人和泰坦（奥林匹斯山神（农神土星）、独眼巨人和泰坦（奥林匹斯山神的前辈）的父亲。的前辈）的父亲。 海王星为太阳系九大行星海王星为太阳系九大行星(ji d xn xn)(ji d xn xn)中的第八个，中的第八个，是一个巨行星。海王星。目前海王星是太阳系内离太阳第是一个巨行星。海王星。目前海王星是太阳系内离太阳第二远的行星。海王星的名字是罗马神话中的海神涅普顿二远的行星。海王星的名字是罗马神话中的海神涅普顿（NeptuneNeptu

9、ne）。古希腊神话中海神叫波塞冬）。古希腊神话中海神叫波塞冬 (Poseidon) (Poseidon)。 第十页，共81页。 What interests you in astronomy? Do you know any questions that astronomers are interested in?第十一页，共81页。Aristotle亚里斯多德亚里斯多德Metaphysics(宇宙宇宙(yzhu)哲学哲学)第十二页，共81页。张衡张衡(78 AD - 139 AD), earliest astronomer in China Later Han Dynasty Seismog

10、raphy 地震仪地震仪Invented seismography and the Armillary Sphere (浑天仪浑天仪) so as to observe the universe and predict earthquake 第十三页，共81页。Galileo 伽利略伽利略Galileo made a series of profound discoveries using his new telescope, including the moons of the planet Jupiter and the phases of the planet Venus (simila

11、r to those of Earths moon). 第十四页，共81页。Copernicus哥白尼哥白尼sun-centered or heliocentric (以太阳以太阳(tiyng)为为中心中心) theory第十五页，共81页。Isaac Newton,牛顿牛顿(ni dn) 16421727 Universal gravitation 万有引力万有引力gravity 地心引力地心引力(dxn ynl), 重力重力第十六页，共81页。Einstein, Albert (1879-1955)爱因斯坦爱因斯坦Relativity (相对论相对论) and the Cosmos (宇宙

12、宇宙(yzhu)第十七页，共81页。The theory about black holes (黑洞黑洞(hidng)理论理论)第十八页，共81页。Black holes第十九页，共81页。Satellites 卫星(wixng)第二十页，共81页。Space flights (太空飞行)Cheer up Float WeightlessCarbin 第二十一页，共81页。第二十二页，共81页。第二十三页，共81页。1. Do you know the origin of life on earth?2.Each religion or culture has its own ideas ab

13、out how life began on earth.第二十四页，共81页。 In Chinese culture_ separates(分分) the sky from the earth.Pangu 盘古盘古(Png)skyearth第二十五页，共81页。_ made human beings.Nuwa (女娲女娲(n w)第二十六页，共81页。In western countries:_ created the world and all living things.God (上帝上帝(Shngd)第二十七页，共81页。Day 1: God spoke and separated li

14、ght from darkness creating Day and Night Day 2: God spoke and separated the water creating sky and ocean Day 3: God spoke and created dry land The Biblical Account第二十八页，共81页。Day 4: God spoke and created the sun, moon and stars Day 5: God spoke and created living creatures in the air and sea Day 6: G

15、od spoke and created the land animals and man Day 7: God rested and blessed this day calling it Holy 第二十九页，共81页。Unit 4Unit 4How Life Began on the EarthHow Life Began on the Earth第三十页，共81页。 第三十一页，共81页。Big BangA solid ballAtmosphere The earth第三十二页，共81页。地球地球(dqi)大大气气The earths atmospherenitrogenoxygend

16、ioxidecarbonvapour 第三十三页，共81页。It was full of water.第三十四页，共81页。Original cells.第三十五页，共81页。The cells in the water began to separate.第三十六页，共81页。waterPlants in the waterShellfish and fishPlants on land第三十七页，共81页。Insects and amphibiansReptiles Dinosaurs Mammals 第三十八页，共81页。Man had evolved from apes. 第三十九页，

17、共81页。1. Why was the earth different from other planets? A. It produced a lot of heat. B. The water remained. C. The water disappeared. D. It was the oldest planet.Choose the best answer.B第四十页，共81页。2. Why was life able to develop on the earth but not on other planets? A. The earth had a solid shape.

18、B. The earth did not have harmful gases in its atmosphere. C. The water stayed on the earth but not on other planets. D. The earth was not too hot and not too cold.C第四十一页，共81页。3. Why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals? A. Animals needed plants to protect them from the sun. B. Plants

19、provided oxygen for animals to breathe. C. Animals could hide from hunters in the forest. D. It was easier for plants to grow.B第四十二页，共81页。4. It can be inferred from the text that _. A. after “Big Bang”, what the dust was to become remained a mystery B. plants appeared before the animals C. plants mu

20、ltiplied and filled the oceans with oxygen D. plants played an important part in the appearance of the animalsD第四十三页，共81页。 A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe The formation of the earth The importance of water for life The development of plants and animals on the earth The a

21、rrival of humans and their impact on the earthPara.1Para. 2Para. 3Para. 4Para. 5The main idea for each paragraph.第四十四页，共81页。Put the events into a timeline. 1. Insects and amphibians appeared.3. The earth became a solid ball.5. Reptiles appeared.7. The earth was a cloud of dust.9. Shellfish and other

22、 fish appeared.11. Clever animals with hands and feet appeared.Keys: 10 7 3 8 4 9 6 1 5 2 12 112. Dinosaurs appeared.4. Small plants grew on the water.6. Plants began to grow on dry land.8. Water appeared on the earth.10. The universe began with a “Big Bang”.12. Mammals appeared.第四十五页，共81页。Combine i

23、nto Explode with fire and rockdissolve harmful gases Big BangEnergetic dusta violent solid ballAtmosphereWateroceans and seasCool down Finish the following form.Para 1-3第四十六页，共81页。A cloud of energetic dust A solid ballAtmosphere A world full of water4132Combine into Explode with fire and rockdissolv

24、e harmful gases Cool down 第四十七页，共81页。watergreen plants on land234How life began on the earthAnalysing 5678forestsshellfish and all sorts of fishinsects (on land)amphibians (on land and in water)reptiles (on land)dinosaurs (on land)mammals (on land) small clever animals with hands and feet human smal

25、l plants in water1第四十八页，共81页。arrival of small plants in waterearly shellfishplantsanimals 第四十九页，共81页。all sorts of fishearly shellfishA few kindsmany kinds第五十页，共81页。Plants in the waterPlants on landwaterland第五十一页，共81页。insectsdinosaurs simplecomplex 第五十二页，共81页。Fill in the blanks. The arrival of _ enco

26、uraged the _of early _. Many millions of years later _ began to appear _. Later _ appeared. Some were_. Others called _, were able to live on lands well as _. When the plants grew into forests, _appeared for the first time. After they disappeared, _became more important. They were the last group of

27、animals different from because they _milk from within their bodies.development shellfish and all sorts of fish on land land animalsamphibians dinosaurs mammals produced small plants the first green plants insects in the sea第五十三页，共81页。1. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the s

28、hape would last or not.1) violent 猛烈的猛烈的, 激烈的激烈的2) whether 可以引导主语从句、表语从句、可以引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语宾语(bny)从句和同位语从句从句和同位语从句; 而而if只能引导宾语只能引导宾语(bny)从句。从句。 引导宾语引导宾语(bny)从句既可以用从句既可以用whether, 也可以用也可以用if。Could you tell us whether / if it snows in winter in Australia?第五十四页，共81页。2. They were in time to produce in time

29、 及时及时; 终于终于(zhngy)The doctor came in time to save her life .医生及时赶来救了她的命。医生及时赶来救了她的命。注意注意: in time 还有还有“过些时候过些时候; 最后最后(zuhu)”之意。之意。Youll get used to it in time. 过些时候你会习惯它的。过些时候你会习惯它的。Dont worry. Im sure things will get better in time. 别着急别着急, 我肯定过些时候事情会好转的。我肯定过些时候事情会好转的。第五十五页，共81页。与与time相关的短语相关的短语: i

30、n no time 立刻立刻, 马上马上 at times 有时有时(yush) at a time 每次每次; 依次依次 once upon a time 从前从前 on time 按时按时; 准时准时 at one time 从前从前 for the time being 暂时暂时 from time to time 不时地不时地第五十六页，共81页。3. atmosphere n. 大气层大气层; 气氛气氛(qfn)An atmosphere of tension filled the room.屋子里笼罩着紧张的气氛屋子里笼罩着紧张的气氛(qfn)。The atmosphere ove

31、r dinner was warm and friendly.用餐时洋溢着热情友好的气氛用餐时洋溢着热情友好的气氛(qfn)。注意注意: 指指“大气层大气层”时时, 常用常用 the atmosphere; 指指 “气氛气氛(qfn)”时时, 常使用单数形式。常使用单数形式。第五十七页，共81页。4. .as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. 随着地球的冷却随着地球的冷却, 地球的表面就开始出现了水。地球的表面就开始出现了水。1) cool down 变凉变凉, 冷却冷却2) appear “出现出现,似乎

32、似乎(s h)”是不及物动词当表示是不及物动词当表示 “似乎似乎(s h)，好像，好像”时是系动词时是系动词, 该词无被动语态。该词无被动语态。 Our teacher appeared on TV this morning.She is fifty but she appears young. 她五十岁了她五十岁了, 但看起来很年轻但看起来很年轻(ninqng)。第五十八页，共81页。5. by laying eggs. 放放, 把把放在放在；产卵；产卵 He laid his books on the desk. 注意注意: 说谎说谎(shu hung) lie lied lied 躺；位

33、于躺；位于 lie lay lain 下蛋；搁放下蛋；搁放 lay laid laid 口诀：规则的说谎口诀：规则的说谎(shu hung), 不规则的躺，不规则的躺， 躺过就下蛋，下蛋不规则。躺过就下蛋，下蛋不规则。The naughty boy _ to me that the hen that _ there just now had _ two eggs the day before.A. laid; laid; laid B. laid; lay; lainC. lied; laid; lain D. lied; lay; laidD第五十九页，共81页。6. give birth

34、to1) 生生(孩子孩子) Shes just given birth to a healthy baby girl. 她刚刚生了个健康她刚刚生了个健康(jinkng)的女婴。的女婴。2) 产生产生The extraordinary experience gave birth to his latest novel.这段奇特的经历促成了他的最新的一部这段奇特的经历促成了他的最新的一部小说的诞生。小说的诞生。第六十页，共81页。7. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat

35、from escaping from the earth into space. 他们把太多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中他们把太多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中, 这就这就使得热量使得热量(rling)不能从地球上散发到太空中去。不能从地球上散发到太空中去。prevent sth. / sb. (from) doing sth. 制止制止(防止防止)某人某人(某物某物)做某事做某事Nothing can prevent this plan from being carried out.第六十一页，共81页。注意注意(zh y): keep sb. from doing sth.中中from不可省略不可省

36、略, prevent / stop sb. from doing sth.中的中的from可省，可省，但如在被动语态中但如在被动语态中, 他们中的他们中的from都不可省。都不可省。I tried to keep him from waiting for her. 我试图叫他不要再等她了。我试图叫他不要再等她了。I tried to keep him waiting for her. 我试图让他等她。我试图让他等她。第六十二页，共81页。8. the earth may become too hot to live on.地球可能会因此变得太热而不适合生物的生存。地球可能会因此变得太热而不适合

37、生物的生存。有关有关too的一些的一些(yxi)用法。用法。1) too作作 “太太” 讲。讲。 There is too much water. 水太多了。水太多了。 2) “too adj.to”, 有两种意义有两种意义, 一种为一种为“太太以至以至(不不)”, The question is too hard to understand.问题太难问题太难, 理解理解(lji)不了。不了。第六十三页，共81页。3) “only/all/not/buttoo adj. to ”, 后面的动词不定式在翻译时不必加否定词。后面的动词不定式在翻译时不必加否定词。only等与等与too连用等于连用等

38、于very (非常非常)。I shall be only too pleased to hear from you further. 我非常欢迎你再来信。我非常欢迎你再来信。They are but too glad to do so. 他们非常喜欢这么做。他们非常喜欢这么做。 We are only too pleased to work together with the workers. 我们我们(w men)和工人们一起劳动和工人们一起劳动, 非常高兴。非常高兴。第六十四页，共81页。4) “cannotcan never.too”, 表示表示“无论怎样无论怎样也不会也不会(b hu)

39、过分过分”。 You cannot praise him too highly. 你无论怎样表扬他也不过分。你无论怎样表扬他也不过分。5) 当当too用于数量用于数量(shling)增减时增减时, 表示表示“过过 (多、少、多、少、 长等长等)”的意思。的意思。 He has given me six too many . 他多给了我六个。他多给了我六个。第六十五页，共81页。 - Are you going to the football game?- No. The tickets are _ expensive for me. A. very much B. far too C. hig

40、hly D. so much解析解析(ji x): “too+形容词形容词+for sb.”表示表示“太太”, far 可置于可置于too前表示程度。前表示程度。B第六十六页，共81页。9. whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. 在未来的千百万年中在未来的千百万年中, 生命能否生命能否(nn fu)在地球上在地球上 延续将取决于这个问题能否延续将取决于这个问题能否(nn fu)得到解决。得到解

41、决。 depend vi. 相信，信赖；依靠，依赖相信，信赖；依靠，依赖 (尤指尤指 钱钱)； 视视而定。而定。 You can depend on John he is always on time. 你可以相信约翰你可以相信约翰, 他总是很准时。他总是很准时。第六十七页，共81页。相关相关(xinggun)短语：短语：believe sb. 相信某人相信某人(mu rn) (所说的话所说的话)believe in sb. 信任信任/信赖某人信赖某人(mu rn)trust (in) sb. 相信相信/信任信任/信赖某人信赖某人(mu rn)depend oncount on sb. rel

42、y on 信任信任(xnrn) / 相信相信 / 依赖依赖 / 依靠某人依靠某人第六十八页，共81页。Tell him what you want to say; hes a man to _. A. count B. believe C. trust D. depend 解析解析(ji x): 相信相信/信赖某人信赖某人: count on sb./believe in sb./depend on sb./trust (in) sb.C第六十九页，共81页。Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the starsLearning about language第七十页

43、，共81页。present presenceviolentconfidentdifferentpatientviolence confidencedifferencepatience1 Use the correct prefix or suffix for each word. Write out the new word and explain the difference between the two.Discovering useful words and expressions 第七十一页，共81页。certainfairpaidlikekindunkinduncertainunf

44、airunpaidunlike第七十二页，共81页。cultureglobeuniverseagriculturemathematicsmathematicalculturalglobaluniversalagricultural第七十三页，共81页。artphysicschemistrybiologysciencescientistartistphysicistchemistbiologist第七十四页，共81页。1. At the beginning, the earth had no _. A. dust B. atoms C. water D. matter2. The development of a planet generally depends on _ combining together. A. atoms B. rocks C. gases D. waterCA2 Chooses the correct word to fill in each of these blanks.第七十五页，共81页。3. The _ of mammals happened after the disa