(英语)英语句子结构与成分专项习题及答案解析

1、（英语）英语句子结构与成分专项习题及答案解析一、句子结构与成分1. The shop from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. But it at 4: 30 on Sundays.A. opens; closesB. opens; is closedC. is open; closes【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意： 商店从上午9点到下午5点营业，但是星期天在 4点半关门。根 据from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m是段时间，用表示持续性状态的动词或形容词，open是瞬间动词，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语是 it ,第三人称单数，故谓语动词是单三式，故选Co【点评】考查动词，注

2、意持续性动词和主谓一致的用法。2. John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is.A. S+V+OB. S+V+PC. S+V+IO+DOD. S+V+DO+OC【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是：主语 +谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。故答案为Do【点评】考查句子成分。牢记句子成分。3. Choose the correct structure （结构） of this sentence "He lent me a book."A. S+V+

3、OB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+PD. S+V+DO+OC【答案】B【解析】 【分析】句意 "Helent me a book”。he为主语S; lent为谓语V; me为间接宾语 IO; a book为直宾 DO。故结构为 S+V+IO+DQ 故选B。【点评】此题考查简单句的结构。4. What is the sentence pattern （句型）of the sentence"Linda bought a book yesterday." ?A. S+VB. S+V+OC. S+V +IO +DOD. S+V+O+OC【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意

4、："Linda bought a book yesterday."属于哪种句型。A是主谓结构；B是主谓宾结构；C是主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语；D是主谓+宾语+宾补。Linda是主语（5） ; bought是谓语动词（V） , a book是宾语（O）;故答案为 C。【点评】考查简单句的基本结构。5. The young man glasses is my teacher.A. wearB. wearsC. put onD. with【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：带着眼镜的年轻人是我的老师。这个句子是简单句，根据is可知句子结构是系表结构，wear穿着，戴着，动词， put

5、on穿上，戴上，动词短语，所以A,B,C三个选项都不正确，故选 Do【点评】此题考查简单句的结构。注意句子成分结构。6. The boy black hair a blue coat.A. has; hasB. with; inC. has; wearsD. with; wears【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：留着黑头发的男孩穿着一件蓝色大衣。一个句子中不能出现两个谓语动词故选项 A和C错误，B选项两个介词，放在句中缺少谓语动词，with具有，withblack hair留着黑头发，介词短语修饰主语 the boy, wear穿着，谓语动词，根据主语 the boy,wear用第三人称单数结

6、构，故选 D。【点评】此题考查句子结构成分。注意句子的成分和句子的结构。7. Gina's books in the room.A. is everywhere B. are everywhere C. is at everywhere D. are at everywhere 【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意： Gina的书在房间里到处都是。主语是 Gina's books,复数，用are, everywhere是一个副词，前面不需要用介词，故选B。【点评】考查主系表结构。牢记主谓一致，并注意 everywhere的用法。8. cold in winter in Liaoche

7、ng.A. ItB. ItsC. It'sD. it's【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：聊城的冬天是寒冷的。A.它；B.它的；C.它是；D.它是。根据句子可知缺少主语和谓语，排除A、Bo句首单词首字母大写，故选Co【点评】考查句子结构，注意平时识记，理解句意。9. Which part is the VERB of the following sentence "Tom rides his bike to school every day."?A. "Tom"B. "rides"C. "his bike&qu

8、ot;D. "every day"【答案】B【解析】 【分析】句意：句子 汤姆每天骑自行车去上学 ”的动词是哪一部分？在原句 "Tom rides his bike to school every day." 中，Tom 是主语，rides 是谓语， his bike 是宾语，to school 是动词不定式表目的作状语， every day是时间状语。故答案为 B。【点评】考查简单句的结构。掌握简单句的五种基本类型。10. He several months every year.A. travels withB. travels inC. trave

9、ls forD. traveled【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：他每年在外旅游好几个月。由 every year可知为一般现在时。简单句，主语+不及物动词，travel,不及物动词，不能直接跟名词作宾语，中间需连接必要 的介词，for,主语是he,故用travels,故选Co11. A band in the park yesterday.A. playingB. was playing【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：乐队在公园里演奏。根据句，主语+ 不及物动词，play,不及物动词，演奏,【点评】考查主语+ 不及物动词，注意句子时态。【点评】考查主语+ 不及物动词，注意句子时态。C. wa

10、s playedD. playedyesterday,可知用过去进行时，简单 故选 D。12. What he does not matter.A. saysB. sayingC. sayD. said【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：他讲的没什么关系。简单句，主语+不及物动词，say,不及物动词，讲，故选D。【点评】考查主语+ 不及物动词，注意句子时态。13. He was also famous philosopher.（选出定语）A. HeB. alsoC. famousD. philosopher【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：他是如此著名的哲学家。定语是来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品

11、质和特征的，famous,著名的，形容词，作定语修饰名词philosopher哲学家，故选Co【点评】此题考查句子成分。根据要确定的句子成分，分析句子结构，选出正确答案。14. Which of the following sentences is correct?A. He came in and sat down.B. We all like <Harry Potter>.C. When we met. He didn't say hello.D. We went out, headed for the bus stop.【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：下面那个句子是正

12、确的。A是简单句，came和sat是并列谓语，都是一般过去式，所以A正确。B中的符号不符合英语习惯，在英语中没有书名号，表示书名时通常用斜体字形式。C句的标点符号是错误的，把 met后的句号改为逗号才符合复合句的定义。 D句中headed前应加上 and或者将headed改为heading构成伴随状语。因 此选Ao【点评】考查句法知识。15. Which structure is right?A. Your father is ill in bed. (S+V)u B. Your friend fell down. ( S+V+QC. Your team won the match. (S+V

13、+O+OC D. He seems ill. ( S+V+B【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：哪个结构是正确的？A is是系动词，故是主系表结构形式，S+V表示主谓，B fell是不及物动词，故是主谓形式，S+V+O表示主i胃宾,C the match是宾语，故是主谓宾形式，S+V+O+O表布主谓双宾，Dseem是系动词，故是主系表形 式，S+V+PUItk主系表，故选 D。【点评】考查句子结构，注意seem是系动词的用法。16. There is a river. You must the bridge.A. go acrossB. acrossC. go crossD. go【答案】A【解析

14、】【分析】句意：有一条河，你必须穿过去。cross穿过，实义动词，across穿过，介词。句子缺少谓语，情态动词must后面用动词原形，排除 Bo go去，不及物动词，排除D。go across+名词=cross+名词，表示穿过 ,固定搭配，故选 A。【点评】考查句子结构和成分，注意平时识记cross和across的区别。17. You may know all the words on the right, but which of the following carries meaning?secondfriendA. A friend self is a second.B. A seco

15、nd is self a friend.C. A friend is a second self.D. Self a second is a friend.【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：你可能知道右面所有的单词，但是下列哪个句子是有意义的？second,第二个；friend ,朋友；self,你自己；a,不定冠词表示数量一；C为正确选项，意为：朋友是另一个自己。故选 Co【点评】考查连词成句。先确定句意，根据语法知识将词连接成句。18. The sentence structure of "Who knows the answer ? " is "".

16、A. S+V+OB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+DO+C【答案】A【解析】 【分析】句意：句子"Who knows the answer?"是什么结构？ A.主语+谓语+宾语;B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；C.主语+谓语+间接宾语+宾语补足语。who是主语；knows是谓语；the answer是宾语，故选 A。【点评】考查句子结构，注意平时识记其分类。19. The sentence structure of "They talked for an hour." is " ".A. S+V+OB. S+V+IO+DOC.

17、 S+V+A【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：句子"They talked for an hour."的结构是什么？ A.主语+谓语+宾语；B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；C主语+谓语+ 状语。they是主语；talked是谓语；for an hour是状语，故选C。【点评】考查句子结构，注意平时识记其分类。20. The sentence structure of "The boy looks smart." is" ".A. S+V+OB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+O+C【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：句子"T

18、he boy looks smart."是什么结构？ A.主语+谓语+宾语；B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+ 直接宾语；C.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补。the boys是主语，100ks是谓语； smart是表语，故选C。【点评】考查句子结构，注意平时识记其分类。21. The structure of the sentence" The students visited the museum." is A. S+VB. S+V+DOC. S+V+I0+DO【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：句子"The students visited the museum.&qu

19、ot;是什么结构？ A.主语+谓语；B.主语+谓语+直接宾语；C.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。the students是主语； visited是谓语；the museum 是间接宾语，故选 B。【点评】考查句子结构，注意平时识记其分类。22. The sentence structure of "I met him at the school gate." is " ".A. S+V+OB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+O+A【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：句子"I met him at the school gate."的结

20、构是什么？ A.主语+谓语+宾语；B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；C.主语+宾语+宾语+状语。I是主语；met是谓语； him是宾语；at the school gate是状语，故选 C。【点评】考查句子结构，注意平时识记其分类。23. The sentence structure of "Teachers ask me to finish the homework." Is " ".A. S+V+OB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+O+C【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意： 句子"Teachers ask me to finish the

21、 homework."的结构是什么？ A.主语+谓语+宾语；B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；C.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补。主语是 teachers,谓语是 ask,宾语是 me,宾补是 to finish the homework ,故选 C【点评】考查句子结构，注意平时识记其分类。24. Anna is not my sister.my friend.A. HeB. He'sC. SheD. She's【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：Anna不是我的姐姐，她是我的朋友。A.他，主格，做主语；B.他是；C.她，主格，做主语；D.她是。根据sister可知是女性，排除

22、 A、B。句子缺少主语和谓语，排除C, C选项只有主语，故选 Do【点评】考查代词辨析和句子结构，注意平时识记其用法。25. I go to the movies once a week.A.宾语B犬语Cl语戈语【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：我一周去看一次电影。once a week , 一周一次，修饰 go tomovies,表频率，作状语，故答案选B。【点评】考查句子成分。注意句子涉及到once a week作状语的用法。26. It is fair to give Anna the prize in the painting competition.A.形式主语iB.直接宾语C.向接宾

23、语”D.真正主语【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：给 Anna颁发绘画竞赛奖是公平的。It is +形容词+to do sth.是固定句式，在这个句式中，it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语，故答案选D.【点评】考查动词句子成分。注意句子涉及到it is +形容词+to do sth的用法。27. It's getting colder and colder these days.A.表语的语斯语DI语【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：如今天气变得越来越冷。句子谓语动词get,变得；是连系动词，后接形容词作表语，构成系表结构，故答案选Ao【点评】考查句子的成分。注意涉及到连系动词后接形容词作系表结构的用法。28. We'd like more students to join the story t