大连海事大学船舶避碰英文教案1： Collision Avoidance

1、Ship collision avoidanceLiu Zhengjiang2005.03.10 PrefacenHistorical BackgroundnThe layout of the collision regulation0.1 The historical backgroundnPhase I: Before 1840-Wooden vessel, vessels under sail-Rules were established by custom-Some examples: Rodian Law(Before Christ, B.C); The Admiralty blac

2、k books(1338) the sailing vessels give way to anchoring vessel; the vessel commanded by people of lower ranks give way to that commanded by people of higher ranks.0.1 The historical background(continued)nPhase II:18401910 - vessels of steel construction advented- serious collisions started to occur-

3、Merchant shipping act 1863, issued by Trinity House; -international conference hold in Washington- Practice of good seamanship0.1 The historical background(continued)nPhases III: 19101960-1910, Brussels, Belgium: Maritime conventions Act, provided for apportionment o liability-1948, London, UK: conf

4、erence of safety of life at sea: set up an uniform system on an international level to prevent collision at sea(1954 into force-1965)0.1 The historical background(continued)nPhase IV: 1960- radar widely used-The annex b to SOLAS contained the collision regulations(1960)- International regulations fo

5、r preventing collisions at sea, 1972 New technology applied into shipping0.1 The historical background(continued)n1972 regulation come into force on July 15 , 1977nRevised many times:- 1981.11.191983.6.1: concern about rule 10-1987.11.171989. 11.19: rule 1 and rule 10-1989.10.191991.04.19: rule 10 -

6、1993.11.41995.11.4: positioning of lights-2001.11.29 2003.11.29:wing-in ground(WIG)0.1 The historical background(continued)nChina-1889: took part in Washington 1910: accepted1948: took part in1957: accepted 19481958: non-power driven vessels rules1975: accepted 1960 rules1980: accepted 19720.2 The l

7、ayout of the collision regulationsn5 parts,nfour annexesRules 5 partsnPart a: GeneralnPart b: steering and sailing rulesnPart c: lights and shapesnPart d: sound and light signalsnPart e: exemptionsAnnexesfour nAnnex I: positioning and technical details of light and shapesnAnnex II: additional signal

8、s for fishing vessels fishing in close proximitynAnnex III: technical details o sound signal appliancesnAnnex IV: distress signals1 Part A GeneralnRule 1 ApplicationnRule 2 ResponsibilitynRule 3 General definitions1.1 Rule 1 Applicationn(a) These rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas a

9、nd in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vesselsRule 1(a)nWaters applied to:-high seas: all parts of the sea that are not included in the territorial sea or in the internal waters of a State-waters navigable by seagoing vessels: waters seagoing vessels can reach: river, strait, can

10、al, lake, gulf, bay, connected with the high seas, provided that the waters are navigable by seagoing vesselsRule 1(a)nVessels applied to : all vessels, including merchant vessels, warships, state-owned vessels used for commercial Rule 1(b) Operation of special rulesnSpecial rules: local rulesnThe b

11、ody who made it: an appropriate authority; (government, superintendent, NPC, CPPCC)nApplication: roadsteads, harbors, rivers, lakes, inland waters,nThe relationship between regulations and special rules:the local prevail over the international; but local shall conform as closely as possible to the i

12、nternational; international could apply to fill the gaps in the local rules.Rule 1(c) special rules relating to additional station or signal for ships of warnApply to: ships of war; vessels proceeding under convoy; fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fleetnMade by; government of any StatenRequir

13、ement: cannot be mistaken for any light authorized elsewhere under these rules.Rule 1(d) Traffic separation schemes nGive IMO the authority to adopt traffic separation schemesRule 1(e) Operation of special rules relating to vessels o special construction or purposenApply to: all vessels of special c

14、onstruction nContents: number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights, shapes, sound signaling equipmentsnWho made it: governmentnExample: aircraft carrier1.2 General definition(Rule 3)(a) Vessel: every description of water craft ,used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on

15、 water, including non-displacement craft(hovercraft, hydrofoils), WIG craft and seaplane 1.2 General definition(Rule 3)(b) Power-driven vessel: propelled by machinerynExcept sailing vessel that propelling vessel is not being usednExcept the vessel not under commandnExcept the vessel restricted in he

16、r ability to maneuvernIncluding the vessel towed by a power driven vessel1.2 General definition(Rule 3) Sailing vessel:any vessel under sailThe vessel that is propelled partly by sail and partly by machinery is not considered a sailing vessel1.2 General definition(Rule 3)vessel engaged in fishing: n

17、Vessel with some types of apparatus which restricted her maneuverabilitynEngaged in fishingnUnder way or at anchoragenFishing apparatus: drift fishing; surrounding fishing; stationary fishing gear(net); trawling; twin trawling; trawl fishing cotter; long lines, troll lines; hand line1.2 General defi

18、nition(Rule 3)Seaplane: not included the non-displacement craft1.2 General definition(Rule 3)(f) Vessel not under command:nSome exceptional circumstances: engine breakdown, steering gear damaged,propeller or rudder lost, dragging, on fire “adverse weather conditionnUnable to maneuver as required nUn

19、able to keep out of the way of another vesselnSignal: two all-round red lights in a vertical line 1.2 General definition(Rule 3)(g)vessel restricted in her ability to maneuvernNature of her worknBe restricted in her ability to maneuvernUnable to keep out of the way of another vessel1.2 General definition(Rule 3)