小学英语基础大全

1、元音单元音前元音ieæ 中元音 后元音u双元音开合双元音eaa集中双元音e  辅音爆破音清辅音ptk  浊辅音bd  摩擦音清辅音fsh浊辅音vzð 破擦音清辅音ttrts  浊辅音ddrdz  鼻音（浊辅音）mn  舌则音（浊辅音）lr   半元音（浊辅音）jw   注：不同词典有不同的音标符号系统，本表为最新DJ英语国际音标表符号48个英语国际音标表大全星期：Mo

2、nday 'mndi n. 星期一Tuesday 'tju:zdi; -dei n. 星期二Wednesday 'wenzdi; -dei n. 星期三Thursday ':zdi; -dei n. 星期四Friday 'fraidi n. 星期五Saturday 'sætdi; -dei n. 星期六sunday 'sndin. 星期日；礼拜日月份：January 'dænjuri n. 一月February 'februri n. 二月March m:t n.三月April 'eiprl n

3、. 四月May mei n. 五月June du:n n. 六月July dla n. 七月august :'st n. 八月（简写为Aug）September sep'temb n. 九月October k'tub n. 十月November nu'vemb n. 十一月December di'semb n. 十二月I 询问姓名、年龄。1. -Whats your name? -你叫什么名字？-My name is _. -我叫。2. -How old are you? -你几岁了？-Im 12. -我十二岁。II 询问颜色。1. -What colo

4、ur is it? -它是什么颜色的？-Its yellow and white. -黄白相间。2. -What colour are they? -它们是什么颜色的？-Theyre green. -绿色的。III询问数量或价钱。1. -How many kites can you see? -你可以看见几只风筝？-I can see 12. -我可以看见十二只风筝。2. -How many crayons do you have? -你有多少支彩笔？-I have 16. -我有十六支。3.-How many people are there in your family? -你家有几口人？

5、-Three. -三口人。4.-How much is this dress? -这条连衣裙多少钱？-Its ninety-nine yuan. -九十九元。5.-How much are these apples? -这些苹果多少钱？-Theyre thirty-five yuan. -三十五元。IV询问时间或日期。1. -What time is it now? -现在几点钟？-Its nine oclock.Its time for English class.九点。该上英语课了。-Its eight oclock. Its time to go to bed. 八点。该上床睡觉了。2.

6、-What day is it today? -今天星期几？-Its Monday. -星期一。-What do we have on Mondays? -我们星期一上哪些课？-We have Chinese, English, math -语文、英语、数学3.-When is your birthday? -你的生日是什么时候？-Its October 1st, our National Day.-十月一日，国庆节。4.-When do you do morning exercises? -你们什么时候做早锻炼？-I usually do morning exercises at 8:30.

7、-我们通常8：30做早锻炼。V询问方位或地方。1. -Where is my toy car? -我的玩具汽车在哪儿？-Its here, under the chair. -在这儿，在椅子下面。2.-Where is the canteen? -餐厅在哪儿？-Its on the first floor -在一楼。3. -Where are the keys? -钥匙在哪儿？-Theyre in the door. -在门上。4.-Excuse me. Where is the library, please? 对不起，请问图书馆在哪儿？-Its near the post office.

8、-在邮局附近。5. -Where are you from? -你从哪儿来？-Im from China. -我从中国来。6. -Where does the rain come from? -雨是从哪儿来的？-It comes from the clouds. -它是从云层里来的。VI询问想吃的东西。1.-What would you like for breakfast / lunch / dinner ?你早餐/中餐/晚餐想吃点什么？-Id like some bread and milk / rice and soup.我想吃面包和牛奶/米饭和汤。2.-Whats for breakf

9、ast / lunch / dinner?-早餐/中餐/晚餐吃什么？-Hamburgers and orange juice. -汉堡包和橙汁。VII询问天气状况。1.-Whats the weather like in Beijing? -北京的天气如何？-Its rainy today. How about New York? 今天是雨天。纽约呢？-Its sunny and hot. -今天是晴天，天气很热。VIII询问身体状况或情绪。1. -How do you feel? -你感觉如何？-I feel sick. -我觉得不舒服。2. -Whats the matter? -怎么了？

10、-My throat is sore. / I have a sore throat.-我的喉咙疼。3. -How are you, Sarah? You look so happy. -你好吗，莎拉？你看起来这么伤心。-I failed the math test. -我的数学考试没有通过。IX询问职业、身份或人物。1.-Whats your father / mother? -你的父亲 / 母亲是做什么的？-Hes a doctor. / Shes a teacher.-他是一名医生。/ 她是一名教师。2.-What does your mother / father do? -你的母亲

11、/ 父亲是做什么的？-Shes a TV reporter. / Hes a teacher. He teaches English.她是一名电视台记者。/他是一名教师。他教英语。3.-Whos that man / woman? -那位男士 / 女士是谁？-Hes my father. / Shes my mother. 他是我父亲。 / 她是我母亲。4.-Whos this boy / girl? -那个男孩儿 / 女孩儿是谁？-Hes my brother. / Shes my sister.-他是我兄弟。 / 她是我姐妹。5.-Whos your art teacher? -你们的美术

12、老师是谁？-Miss Wang. -王老师。-Whats she like? -她长什么样儿？-Shes young and thin. -她很年轻、苗条。 学英语主要句型汇总 I 询问姓名、年龄：name，How old1. -Whats your name? -你叫什么名字？ -My name is _. -我叫。 2. -Whats his name? -他的名字是什么？ -His name is Mike. -他的名字是麦克。3. -Whats her name? -她的名字是什么？ -Her name is Chen Jie.-她的名字是陈婕。4. -How old are you?

13、 -你几岁了？ -Im 12. -我十二岁。 5. -How old is he/she? -他/她几岁了？ -He/She is 23. -他/她23岁。 II 询问颜色：colour1. -What colour is it? -它是什么颜色的？-Its yellow and white. -黄白相间。2. -What colour are they? -它们是什么颜色的？ -Theyre green. -绿色的。 III 询问时间或日期：When1. -What time is it now? -现在几点钟？ -Its nine oclock. Its time for English

14、class. -九点。该上英语课了。 (-Its eight oclock. Its time to go to bed.) （-八点。该上床睡觉了。）2. -What day is it today? -今天星期几？ -Its Monday. -星期一。 -What do we have on Mondays? -我们星期一上哪些课？-We have Chinese, English, math -语文、英语、数学3. -When is your birthday? -你的生日是什么时候？ -Its October 1st, our National Day. -十月一日.国庆节。4. -W

15、hen do you do morning exercises? -你们什么时候做早锻炼？ -I usually do morning exercises at 8:30. -我们通常8：30做早锻炼。 IV 询问方位或地方：Where1. -Where is my toy car? -我的玩具汽车在哪儿？ -Its here, under the chair. -在这儿.在椅子下面。2. -Where is the canteen? -餐厅在哪儿？ -Its on the first floor. -在一楼。3. -Where are the keys? -钥匙在哪儿？ -Theyre in

16、 the door. -在门上。4. -Excuse me. Where is the library, please? 对不起.请问图书馆在哪儿？ -Its near the post office. -在邮局附近。5. -Where are you from? -你从哪儿来？ -Im from China. -我从中国来。6. -Where does the rain come from? -雨是从哪儿来的？ -It comes from the clouds. -它是从云层里来的。 V 询问数量或价钱：How many ， How much1. -How many kites can y

17、ou see? -你可以看见几只风筝？ -I can see 12. -我可以看见十二只风筝。2. -How many crayons do you have? -你有多少支彩笔？ -I have 16. -我有十六支。3. -How many people are there in your family? -你家有几口人？ -Three. -三人。4. -How much is this dress? -这条连衣裙多少钱？ -Its ninety-nine yuan. -九十九元。5. -How much are these apples? -这些苹果多少钱？ -Theyre thirty

18、-five yuan. -三十五元。 XVI “How”问句：How tall, How heavy, How long1. -How tall are you? -你有多高？ -Im 160 cm tall. Im taller than you. -我有160公分。我比你高。2. -How heavy are you? -你有多重？ -Im 48 kg. Youre heavier than me. -我有48公斤。你比我重。3. -How do you go to school? -你怎么上学？ -Usually I go to school on foot. Sometimes I g

19、o by bike. -我通常步行上学。有时候骑自行车。4. -How can I get to Zhongshan Park? 我怎么到中山公园去？ -You can go by the No. 15 bus. 你可以乘坐15路公汽。 (-Go straight for five minutes. Then turn left. Its on the left.) -直走五分钟。然后左转。公园就在左边。5. How long 有多长？ VIII询问身体状况或情绪：feel, matter1. -How do you feel? -你感觉如何？ -I feel sick. -我觉得不舒服。-H

20、ow does Chen Jie feel? -陈洁感觉如何？ -Shes tired. -她很疲倦。2. -Whats the matter? -怎么了？ -My throat is sore. / I have a sore throat.-我的喉咙疼。3. -How are you, Sarah? You look so happy. -你好吗.莎拉？你看起来这么伤心。 -I failed the math test. -我的数学考试没有通过。 VI 询问想吃的东西：would like1. -What would you like for breakfast / lunch / din

21、ner ? -你早餐/中餐/晚餐想吃点什么？ -Id like some bread and milk / rice and soup. -我想吃面包和牛奶/米饭和汤。2. -Whats for breakfast / lunch / dinner? -早餐/中餐/晚餐吃什么？ -Hamburgers and orange juice. -汉堡包和橙汁。 VII 询问天气状况：weather1. -Whats the weather like in Beijing? -北京的天气如何？ -Its rainy today. How about New York? -今天是雨天。纽约呢？ -Its

22、 sunny and hot. -今天是晴天.天气很热。 IX 询问职业、身份或人物：Who , What1. -Whats your father / mother? -你的父亲 / 母亲是做什么的？ -Hes a doctor. / Shes a teacher. 他是一名医生。/ 她是一名教师。2. -What does you mother / father do? 你的母亲 / 父亲是做什么的？ -Shes a TV reporter. / Hes a teacher. He teaches English.-她是一名电视台记者。/他是一名教师。他教英语。3. -Whos that

23、man / woman? -那位男士 / 女士是谁？ -Hes my father. / Shes my mother. -他是我父亲。 / 她是我母亲。4, -Whos this boy / girl? 那个男孩儿 / 女孩儿是谁？ -Hes my brother. / Shes my sister. 他是我兄弟。 / 她是我姐妹。5. -Whos your art teacher? -你们的美术老师是谁？ -Miss Wang. -王老师。 -Whats she like? -她长什么样儿？ -Shes young and thin. -她很年轻、苗条。 X 询问兴趣、喜好：favouri

24、te1. -Whats your favourite food / drink? -你最喜欢的食物 / 饮料是什么？ -Fish / orange juice. -鱼。 / 橙汁。2. -Whats your favourite season? -你最喜欢的季节是什么？ -Winter. -冬天。 (-Which season do you like best? （-你最喜欢哪个季节？-Winter.) -冬天。） -Why do you like winter? -你为什么喜欢冬天？ -Because I can make a snowman. -因为可以堆雪人。3. -Whats your

25、 hobby? -你的爱好是什么？ -I like collecting stamps. -我喜欢集邮。 -Whats his hobby? -他的爱好是什么？ -He likes riding a bike. -他喜欢骑自行车。4. -Do you like peaches? -你喜欢吃桃子吗？ -Yes, I do. / No, I dont. -喜欢。/ 不喜欢。 XI 询问平时一般做的事情：What1. -What do you do on Saturdays / on the weekends? -你星期六 / 周末一般做什么？ -I usually do my homework.

26、Sometimes I play football. -我通常做作业.有时候踢足球。 XII 询问正在做的事情：What + -ing1. -What are you doing? -你在做什么？ -Im doing the dishes. -我在洗盘子。2. -Whats your father doing? -你父亲正在做什么？ -Hes writing an e-mail. -他正在写电子邮件。3. -Whats the tiger doing? -那只老虎在干什么？ -Its running. -它在奔跑。4. -What are the elephants doing? -那些大象在

27、干什么？ -Theyre drinking. -它们正在喝水。 XIII 询问将要做的事情：What/Where/When + going1. -What are you going to do? -你准备做什么？ -Im going to the cinema. -我准备去看电影。 -When are you going to do? -你准备什么时候去？ -This afternoon. -今天下午。2. -where are you going this afternoon? -今天下午你准备到哪儿去？ -Im going to the bookstore. -我准备到书店去。 -Wha

28、t are you going to buy? -你打算买点儿什么？ -Im going to buy a comic book. -我准备买本漫画书。 XIV 询问曾经做的事情：1. -Where did you go last weekend / yesterday / on your holiday?-你上周末/昨天/假期到哪儿去了？ -I went to Wuhan. -我去了武汉。2. -How did you go there? -你怎么去的？ -I went by train. -我坐火车去的。3. -What did you do there? -你在那儿做了些什么？ -I w

29、ent shopping. -我去购物了。 XV 一般疑问句：1. -Is this your bedroom? -这是你的卧室吗？ -Yes, it is. -是的。 -Is your sister in the living room? -你姐姐在客厅吗？ -No, she isnt. / Yes, she is. -不在。/ 在。2. -Is this your skirt? -这是你的短裙吗？ -Yes, it is. / No, it isnt. -是的。/ 不是。3. -Is your English teacher young? -你的英语老师年轻吗？ -Yes, she is.

30、 / No, she isnt. -是的。/不.她不年轻。4. -Are these / those / they cucumbers? -这些 / 那些是黄瓜吗？ -Yes, they are. / No, they arent. -是的。/ 不是的。5. -Is there a river in the park? -公园里有一条小河吗？ -Yes, there is. / No, there isnt. -有。/ 没有。 -Are there any bridges in your village? -你们村子里有桥吗？ -Yes, there are. / No, there aren

31、t. -有。/ 没有。6. -Can I wear my new shirt today? -我今天可以穿新衬衫吗？ -Yes, you can. / No, you cant. -可以。/ 不可以。7. -Can you wash your clothes? -你会洗衣服吗？ -Yes, I can. / No, I cant. -会。/ 不会。8. -Does your pen pal live in Shanghai? -你的笔友住在上海吗？ -No, he doesnt. He lives in Beijing. -不.他住在北京。9. -Does she teach English?

32、 -她教英语吗？ -No, she doesnt. She teaches math. -不.她教数学。10. -Did you read books yesterday? -你昨天读书了吗？ -Yes, I did. / No, I didnt. -读了。/ 没读。 XVII 其他：1. -Whats in the classroom? -教室里有什么？ -A board, six lights, three fans, many desks and chairs.-一块黑板、六盏灯.三把电扇和许多桌椅。2. What about you? / How about you? -你呢？3. I

33、 like the white sweater with the green skirt. -我喜欢这件白毛衣配这条绿短裙。4. -Whose is it? -它是谁的？ -Its mine / yours / his / hers. -是我的。/ 你的。/ 他的。/ 她的。5. -What can you do? -你会做什么？ -Im helpful. I can sweep the floor and do the dishes. -我很能干。我会扫地、洗盘子。6. -Whats your bedroom like? -你的卧室是什么样儿的？ -There is a big closet

34、 and a new mirror. There are blue curtains.-卧室里有一个大衣橱和一面新镜子。还有蓝色的窗帘。一、 人称代词1、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表： 单数复数格主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemshehertheythemiti

35、ttheythem 2、人称代词的用法（1）代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格：He has great concern for them 他很关心他们。They all like him very much 他们都很喜欢他。She gave the books to you and me 这些书是她送给你和我的。（2）人称代词作表语时，用宾格时较多，特别是在口语中，例如：Who is knocking at the door? Its me 谁敲门?是我。If I were her， I would take the advice 我要是她就

36、接收这个意见。Imagine yourself to be me 设想你是我。但在下面这种结构中却常用主格：It was he who did itIt is she who wants it在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格：He is more intelligent than herHe is taller than I am3、在使用人称代词时还应注意以下几点：（1）we， you两词有时可用来泛指一般人：We （you） have to be cautious under such circumstances在这样的情况下大家应特别小心。We

37、（You） should keep calm even when we （you） are in danger即使在危急时刻也要保持冷静。They也可用来泛指某一些人：They dont allow us to smoke here 这儿不让抽烟。（They代表谁不清楚）They dont make decent furniture nowadays 现今做不出象样的家具。（2）she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等：I think England will do what she promised to do 我想英国会履行她的诺言。The “Easter”

38、 is due in tomorrow， isnt she? 东方号轮船明天进港，是吗?（3）在并列的主语中，I总放在最后：Mr Wang and I are in charge of the work 我和王先生负责这项工作。小学英语单词分类表一、学习用品（school things）pen钢笔 pencil铅笔 pencil-case铅笔盒 ruler尺子 book 书 bag 包post card明信片 newspaper报纸 schoolbag书包 eras

39、er橡皮 crayon蜡笔 sharpener卷笔刀 story-book故事书  notebook笔记本 Chinese book语文书 English book英语书 maths book数学书 magazine杂志 newspaper 报纸dictionary词典二、 身体部位（body）foot脚 head头 face脸 hair头发 nose鼻子 mouth嘴 eye眼睛 ear耳朵 a

40、rm手臂 hand手 finger手指 leg腿 tail尾巴三、 颜色（colours）red红 blue蓝 yellow黄 green绿 white白 black黑 pink粉红 purple紫 orange橙 brown棕四、 动物（animals）cat猫 dog狗 pig猪 duck鸭 rabbit兔子 horse马 elephant大象 ant蚂蚁 fis

41、h鱼 bird鸟  snake蛇 mouse鼠  kangaroo袋鼠 monkey猴子 panda熊猫 bear熊 lion狮 tiger老虎 fox狐狸 zebra斑马 deer鹿 giraffe长颈鹿 goose鹅 hen母鸡 turkey火鸡 lamb小羊 sheep绵羊 goat山羊 cow奶牛 shark鲨鱼 seal海豹 五、 人物（

42、people）friend朋友 boy男孩 girl女孩 mother母亲 father父亲 sister姐妹 brother兄弟 uncle叔叔 man男人 woman女人 Mr先生 Miss小姐 lady女士 mom妈妈 dad爸爸 parents父母 grandma/grandmother（外）祖母 grandpa/grandfather（外）祖父 aunt阿姨 cousin堂表兄弟姐妹 s

43、on儿子 baby婴儿 kid小孩 classmate同学 queen女王 visitor参观者 neighbour邻居 principal校长 pen pal笔友 tourist旅行者 people人物 robot机器人六、 职业（job）teacher教师 student学生 doctor医生 nurse护士 driver司机 farmer农民 singer歌唱家 writer作家 actor

44、男演员 actress女演员 artist画家 TV reporter电视台记者 engineer工程师 policeman（男）警察 salesperson销售员 cleaner清洁工 baseball player棒球运动员 assistant售货员 七、 食品（food and drink:）breakfast早餐        lunch中餐     

45、;      dinner晚餐        egg鸡蛋      rice米饭             cake蛋糕           bread面包

46、60;        jam果酱  biscuit饼干      sausage香肠        sandwich三明治    dumplings 饺子   fish and chips炸鱼薯条    meat肉  &

47、#160;    chicken鸡肉         mutton羊肉      beef牛肉             pork猪肉           fish鱼

48、60;      hamburger汉堡   hot dog热狗         noodles面条         soup汤            salad沙拉   

49、0;      milk牛奶         water水          ice-cream冰淇淋      cola可乐juice果汁          tea茶  

50、;         coffee咖啡fruit  水果          apple苹果        banana香蕉     pear梨 orange橙      watermelon西

51、瓜     grape葡萄 cherry  樱桃  lemon 柠檬          mango 芒果          coconut椰子        peach桃  

52、60; strawberry草莓 vegetable 蔬菜eggplant茄子        green beans青豆   tomato西红柿 potato土豆     cucumber黄瓜     onion洋葱         carrot胡萝卜 cabbage卷心菜  pumpkin 

53、60; 南瓜     sweet potato红薯      pea  豌豆八、 衣服（clothes）jacket夹克衫 shirt衬衫 T-shirt T恤衫 skirt短裙子 dress连衣裙 jeans牛仔裤pants/trousers裤子 socks袜子 shoes鞋子 sweater毛衣 coat上衣 raincoat雨衣 shorts短裤  s

54、andals凉鞋 boots靴子 hat帽子 cap鸭舌帽 sunglasses太阳镜 tie领带 scarf围巾 gloves手套九、交通工具（vehicles）   bike自行车 bus公共汽车 train火车水 boat小船 ship轮船 yacht快艇 car小汽车 taxi出租车 jeep吉普车 van小货车 plane飞机 subway地铁 motor cycle

55、摩托车十、杂物（other things） window窗户door门 desk课桌chair椅子bed床computer 计算机board写字板 fan风扇 light灯 teachers desk讲台 picture图画；photo照片 wall墙壁 floor地板 mirror镜子  football足球 present/gift礼物 walkman随身听 lamp台灯 phone电话 sofa沙发 shelf

56、书架 fridge冰箱 table桌子 TV电视 air-conditioner空调 key钥匙 lock锁  plate盘子 knife刀 fork叉 spoon勺子 chopsticks筷子 pot锅 toy玩具 doll洋娃娃 ball球 balloon气球 kite风筝 jigsaw puzzle拼图游戏 box盒子 umbrella伞 zipper拉链 vi

57、olin小提琴 yo-yo溜溜 nest鸟窝 hole洞 toothbrush牙刷 menu菜单 e-card电子卡片 e-mail电子邮件 traffic light交通灯 money钱 medicine药 十一、地点（locations）    home家 room房间 bedroom卧室 bathroom卫生间 living room起居室/客厅 kitchen厨房 classro

58、om教室 school学校 park公园 library图书馆 post office邮政局 hospital医院 cinema电影院 bookstore书店 farm农场 zoo动物园 garden花园  playground操场 canteen餐厅 teachers office教师办公室 gym体育馆 washroom盥洗室 art room美术室 computer room电脑房 music roo

59、m音乐教室 TV room电视房 flat 公寓 company公司 factory 工厂pet shop 宠物店science museum科学博物馆 the Great Wall 长城 supermarket超市 bank 银行 country乡村 village村庄 city城市十二、气象（weather）   cold 冷的hot 热的 warm温暖的 cool

60、0;凉爽的 snowy下雪的 sunny晴朗的  rainy下雨的 windy刮风的 cloudy多云的 weather report天气预报十三、景物（nature）  river河流 lake湖泊 stream小溪 forest森林 path小路 road马路 house房子 bridge桥 building建筑物 rain雨 cloud 云 sun太阳 mountain大山 sky天空 rainbow彩虹 wind风 air空气十四、植物（plants）   flower 花 grass草 tree 树 seed 种子plant 植物 rose玫瑰 leaf 树叶 十五、星期（week）   Monday Tuesday