2019年3月23日雅思考试预测+备考建议含题解+阅读部分

1、阅读部分Reading在2月份的雅思阅读考试中，有2次阅读考试因为难度太大，秒杀众多烤鸭而被送上围脖热搜。整体看来，文章涉及的题型较为综合，且匹配题的考察次数较大，文章话题以自然环境和人文社科为主。下面小编给出类似文章和题目，供大家复习参考（计时每篇20分钟哦）：Passage1RenewableEnergyAninsightintotheprogressinrenewableenergyresearchATheraceisonfortheultimategoalofrenewableenergy:electricityproductionatpricesthatarecompetitivew

2、ithcoal-firedpowerstations,butwithoutcoal'spollution.SomenewtechnologiesareaimingtobethefirsttopushcoalfromitspositionasAustralia'schiefsourceofelectricity.BAtthemomentthefront-runnerinrenewableenergyiswindtechnology.AccordingtoPeterBerginofAustralianHydro,oneofAustralia'sleadingwindener

3、gycompanies,therehavebeennodramaticchangesinwindmilldesignformanyyears,butthecumulativeeffectsofnumeroussmallimprovementshavehadamajorimpactoncost."We'rereapingthebenefitsof30yearsofresearchinEurope,withouthavingtomakethesamemistakesthattheydid,'Mr.Berginsays.CElectricitycanbeproducedfr

4、omcoalataround4centsperkilowatt-hour,butonlyiftheenvironmentalcostsareignored.'Australiahasthesecondcheapestelectricityintheworld,andthismakesitdifficultforrenewabletocompete,'saysRichardHunteroftheAustralianEco-generationAssociation(AEA).Nevertheless,theAEAreports:'Theproductioncostofak

5、ilowatt-hourofwindpowerisonefifthofwhatitwas20yearsago,'oraround7centsperkilowatt-hour.DAustralianHydrohasdozensofwindmonitoringstationsacrossAustraliaaspartofitsaimtobecomeAustralia'spre-eminentrenewableenergycompany.Despiteallthesedevelopments,windpowerremainsoneofthefewformsofalternativee

6、nergywhereAustraliaisnowhereneartheglobalcuttingedge,mostlyjustreplicatingEuropeandesigns.EWhilewindmaycurrentlyleadtheway,someconsideranumberoftechnologiesunderdevelopmenthavemorepotential.Inseveralcases,AustraliaisattheforefrontofglobalresearchintheareaSomeofthemareverysite-specific,ensuringthatth

7、eymayneverbecomedominantmarketplayers.Ontheotherhand,thesenewerdevelopmentsarecapableofprovidingmorereliablepower,avoidingthemajorcriticismofwindmills-theneedforback-uponacalmday.FOnesuchdevelopmentuseshot,dryrocks.DeepbeneathSouthAustralia,radiationfromelementscontainedingraniteheatstherocks.Layers

8、ofinsulatingsedimentationraisethetemperaturesinsomelocationto2500centigrade.AnAustralianfirm,Geo-energy,isproposingtopumpwater3.5kilometresintotheearth,whereitwilltravelthroughtinyfissuresinthegranite,heatingupasitgoesuntilitescapesassteamthroughanotherdrilledhole.GNogreenhousegasesareproduced,butth

9、esystemneedssomeadditionalfeaturesifitistobeenvironmentallyfriendly.DrPrueChopra,ageophysicistattheAustralianNationalUniversityandoneofthefoundersofGeoenergy,notethatthesteamwillbringwithitradongas,alongthroughaheatexchangerandthensentbackundergroundforanothercycle.Technicallyspeaking,hotdryrocksare

10、notarenewablesourceofenergy.However,theAustraliansourceissolargeitcouldsupplytheentirecountry'sneedsforthousandsofyearsatcurrentratesofconsumption.HTwootherproposalsforverydifferentwaystoharnesssunandwindenergyhavesurfacedrecently.ProgresscontinueswithAustraliancompanyEnviroPower'splansforAu

11、stralia'sfirstsolarchimneynearMildura,inVictoria.Underthisscheme,atalltowerwilldrawhotairfromagreenhousebuilttocoverthesurrounding5km?Astheairrises,itwilldriveaturbine*toproduceelectricity.Thesolartowercombinesthreeveryoldtechnologies-thechimney,theturbineandthegreenhouse-toproducesomethingquite

12、new.ItisthisrelianceonprovenengineeringprinciplesthatledEnviropower'sCEO,RichardDavies,tostate:Thereisnodoubtthistechnologywillwork,noneatall.'IThisyear,EnviropowerrecognizedthatthequalityofsunlightintheMilduradistrictwillrequireasubstantiallylargercollectingareathanwaspreviouslythought.Howe

13、ver,spokespersonkayFirthsaysthatanewlocationclosertoMildurawillenableEnviropowertobalancetheincreasedcostswithextrarevenue.Besidessavingintransmissioncosts,thenewsite'willmeanincreasedrevenuefromtourismanduseofpowerfortelecommunications.We'llalsobeabletousetheouter500metresforagribusiness.&#

14、39;Windspeedsclosertothetowerwillbetoohighforfarming.AnotherAustraliancompany,Wavetech,isachievingsuccesswithwaysofharvestingtheenergyinwaves.Wavetech'sinventionusesacurvedsurfacetopushwavesintoachamber,wheretheflowingwatercolumnpushesairbackandforththroughaturbine.WavetechwascreatedwhenDr.TimDe

15、vineofferedtheideatotheworldleaderinwavegeneratormanufacturers,whorathersurprisinglyrejectedit.Dr.DevinerespondedbyestablishingWavetech,andmakinganumberofotherimprovementstogeneratordesign.Wavetechclaimsthat,atappropriatesites,'thecostofelectricityproducedwithourtechnologyshouldbebelow4centsperk

16、ilowatt-hour.KThediversityofformsofgreenhouse-friendlyenergyunderdevelopmentinAustraliaisremarkable.However,supportonanationallevelisdisappointing.AccordingtoRichardHunteroftheAEA,'Australiahashugepotentialforwind,sunandwavetechnology.Weshouldreallybeattheforefront,buttherealityiswearealongwaybe

17、hind.'Question14-20DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage2?Inboxes14-20onyouranswersheet,writeTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformationNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis14. InAustralia,alternativeenergiesarelessexpensiv

18、ethanconventionalelectricity.15. Geoenergyneedstoadaptitssystemtomakeitlessharmfultotheenvironment.16. Dr.PrueChoprahasstudiedtheeffectsofradongasontheenvironment.17. Hot,dryrockscouldprovideenoughpowerforthewholeofAustralia.18. ThenewEnviropowerfacilitywillkeeptouristsaway.19. Wavetechwasestablishe

19、dwhenitsfounderswereturneddownbyanothercompany.20. AccordingtotheAEA,Australiaisaworldleaderindevelopingrenewableenergy.Question21-26Lookatthefollowingstatements(Questions21-26)andthelistofcompaniesbelow.Matcheachstatementwiththecorrectcompany,A-D.Writethecorrectletter,A-D,inboxes21-26onyouranswersh

20、eet.NBYoumayuseanylettermorethanonce.21. Duringtheprocess,harmfulsubstancesarepreventedfromescaping.22. Waterisusedtoforceairthroughaspecialdevice.23. Techniquesusedbyothercountriesarebeingcopied.24. Thesystemcanprovideservicesotherthanenergyproduction.25. Itisplannedtoforcewaterdeepundertheground.2

21、6. Originalestimatesforpartoftheprojecthavebeenrevised.2Passage2AmateurNaturalistsATimSparksslidesasmallleather-boundnotebookoutofanenvelope.TheAbook'syellowingpagescontainbeekeepingnotesmadebetween1941and1969bythelateWalterCoatesofKilworth,Leicestershire.Headdsittohisgrowingpileoflocaljournals,

22、birdwatchers'listsandgardeningdiaries."We'reuncoveringaboutonemajornewrecordeachmonth,"hesays,"Istillgetsurprised."AroundtwocenturiesbeforeCoates,RobertMarsham,alandownerfromNorfolkintheeastofEngland,beganrecordingthelifecyclesofplantsandanimalsonhisestate-whenthefirstwoo

23、danemonesflowered,thedatesonwhichtheoaksburstintoleafandtherooksbegannesting.SuccessiveMarshamscontinuedcompilingthesenotesfor211years.Today,suchrecordsarebeingputtousesthattheirauthorscouldnotpossiblyhaveexpected.Thesedatasets,andotherslikethem,areprovinginvaluabletoecologistsinterestedinthetimingo

24、fbiologicalevents,orphenology.Bycombiningtherecordswithclimatedata,researcherscanrevealhow,forexample,changesintemperatureaffectthearrivalofspring,allowingecologiststomakeimprovedpredictionsabouttheimpactofclimatechange.Asmallbandofresearchersiscombingthroughhundredsofyearsofrecordstakenbythousandso

25、famateurnaturalists.moresystematicprojectshavealsostartedup,producinganoverwhelmingresponse."Theamountofinterestisalmostfrightening,saysSparks,aclimateresearcherattheCentreforEcologyandHydrologyinMonksWood,Cambridgeshire.CSparksbecameawareofthearmyof"closetphenologists",ashedescribest

26、hem,whenaretiringcolleaguegavehimtheMarshamrecords.Henowspendsmuchofhistimefollowingleadsfromonehistoricaldatasetto.Asnewsofhisquestspreads,peopletiphimofftootherhistoricalrecords,andmoreamateurphenologistscomeoutoftheirclosets.TheBritishdevotiontorecordingandcollectingmakeshisjobeasier-onemanfrom:K

27、entsenthim30years'worthofkitchencalendar,onwhichhehadnotedthedatethathisneighbour'smagnoliatreeflowered.DOtherresearchershaveuneartheddatafromequallyoddsources.RafeSargarin,anecologistatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia,recentlystudiedrecordsofabettingcontestinwhichparticipantsattempttoguessthe

28、exacttimeatwhichaspeciallyerectedwoodentripodwillfallthroughthesurfaceofathawingriver.ThecompetitionhastakenplaceannuallyontheTenanaRiverinAlaskasince1917,andanalysisoftheresultsshowedthatthethawnowarrivesfivedaysearlierthanitdidwhenthecontestEOverall,Suchrecordshavehelpedtoshowthat,comparedwith20ye

29、arsago,araftofnaturaleventsnowoccurearlieracrossmuchofthenorthernhemisphere,fromtheopeningofleavestothereturnofbirdsfrommigrationandtheemergenceofbutterfliesfromhibernation.Thedatacanalsohintathownaturewillchangeinthefuture.Togetherwithmodelsofclimatechange,amateurs'recordscouldhelpguideconserva

30、tion.TerryRoot,anecologistattheUniversityofMichiganinAnnArbor,hascollectedbirdwatchers'countsofwildfowltakenbetween1955and1996onseasonalpondsintheAmerican.Midwestandcombinedthemwithclimatedataandmodelsoffuturewarming.Heranalysisshowsthattheincreaseddroughtsthatthemodelspredictcouldhalvethebreedi

31、ngpopulationsattheponds."ThenumberofwaterfowlinNorthAmericawillmostprobablydropsignificantlywithglobalwarming,"shesays.Butnotallprofessionalsarehappytouseamateurdata."Alotofscientistswon'ttouchthem,theysaythey'retoofullofproblems,"saysRoot.Becausedifferentobserverscanhave

32、differentideasofwhatconstitutes,forexample,anopensnowdrop."Thebiggestconcernwithadhocobservationsishowcarefullyandsystematicallytheyweretaken,"saysMarkSchwartzoftheUniversityofWisconsin,Milwaukee,whostudiestheinteractionsbetweenplantsandclimate."Weneedtoknowprettypreciselywhataperson&

33、#39;sbeenobserving-iftheyjustsay'Inotedwhentheleavescameout',itmightnotbethatuseful."Measuringtheonsetofautumncanbeparticularlyproblematicbecausedecidingwhenleaveschangecolourisamoresubjectiveprocessthannotingwhentheyappear.GOverall,mostphenologistsarepositiveaboutthecontributionthatama

34、teurscanmake."Theygetattherawpowerofscience:carefulobservationofthenaturalworld,"saysSagarin.Buttheprofessionalsalsoacknowledgetheneedforcarefulqualitycontrol.Root,forexample,triestogaugethequalityofanamateurarchivebyinterviewingitscollector."Youalwayshavetoworrythingsastrivialasvacat

35、ionscanaffectmeasurement.Idisregardalotofrecordsbecausethey'renotrigorousenough,"shesays.Otherssuggestthattherightstatisticscanironoutsomeoftheproblemswithamateurdata.TogetherwithcolleaguesatWageningenUniversityintheNetherlands,environmentalscientistArnoldvanVlietisdevelopingstatisticaltech

36、niquestoaccountfortheuncertaintyinamateurphenologicaldata.Withtheenthusiasmofamateurphenologistsevidentfrompastrecords,professionalresearchersarenowtryingtocreatestandardizedrecordingschemesforfutureefforts.Theyhopethatwell-designedstudieswillgenerateavolumeofobservations:largeenoughtodrownouttheidi

37、osyncrasiesofindividualrecorders.Thedataarecheaptocollect,andcanprovidebreadthinspace,timeandrangeofspecies."It'sverydifficulttocollectdataonalargegeographicalscalewithoutenlistinganarmyofobservers,"saysRoot.HPhenologyalsohelpstodrivehomemessagesaboutclimatechange."Becausethepubli

38、cunderstandtheserecords,theyacceptthem,"saysSparks.Itcanalsoillustratepotentiallyunpleasantconsequences,headdsays,suchasthefindingthatmoreratinfestationsarereportedtolocalcouncilsinwarmeryears.Andgettingpeopleinvolvedisgreatforpublicrelations."Peoplearethrilledtothinkthatthedatathey've

39、beencollectingasahobbycanbeusedforsomethingscientific-itempowersthem,"saysRoot.Questions27-33ReadingPassagehaseightparagraphsA-H.Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?WritethecorrectletterA-Hinboxes27-33onyouranswersheet.27. DefinitionofPhenologyintroduced28. Sparksfirstnoticedamateurrecordspredicting29. Surprisefunctionofcasualdatainscience30. Itseemslikemissionimpossiblewithoutenormousamateurdatacollection31. Exampleofusingamateurrecordsforascientificprediction32. Recordsfromanamateurcontributedtoclimatechange33. Collectionofol