高二英语Unit 2 Global Warming冀教版知识精讲

1、高二英语Unit 2 Global Warming冀教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Unit 2 Global Warming二. 具体过程1. announcer n. 广播员,告知者announce v. 发表, 广播（电台节目）,通告,正式宣布例:The news announcer is standing by for the broadcast program at 8. 新闻广播员正在为八点钟的播音节目作好准备。The news was announced by Radio Beijing. 这条消息是由北京广播电台播发的。announce 与declare 的区别declar

2、e 经常用于正式场合, 指“清楚, 有力地, 公开让人知道”, 如: He declared his intention to run for office. 他宣布了自己参加竞选的想法。announce 指“把人们关心或感兴趣的事正式公布于众”, 如: announce a sale 公布减价。 另外announce和declare后边一般跟宾语和宾补2. under way 在进行中Examples:The program is under way. 计划正在进行中。含有way的词组all the way一路上 by the way顺便说 by way of经由，作为 make/lose/

3、find ones way到/迷路/找到路 get/have ones own way为所欲为 give way屈服,倒塌 go ones own way按自己的意愿行事 in a way/in one way/in some ways在某种程度上 in the way挡路 on the way to在某人去的路上 give ones way让路 3. means n. 方法,手段Please find alternative means of transport.请另外找一个运输方法。Radio and television are important means of communicat

4、ion.无线电和电视是重要的通信手段。by means of用,凭借 by all means尽一切办法,务必 by no means决不4. bring about带来,造成 ;发生,引起Science have bring about many change in our lives.科学为我们生活带来了很多变化。Indigestion may bring about this disease. 消化不良可能引起这种病。bring down 使倒下，使崩溃，杀死 bring forth 引起；产生： bring forward 呈上；提出： bring in 【法律】 宣布（裁决） 生出、

5、产生或挣得（利润，收入） bring out 揭示，揭露； 推出，出版bring up 照料，教育（小孩）；抚养 ;呕吐; 使突然停下5. locate v. 找出,设于,位于Examples:（1）The company wished to locate its new factory beside the river. 这家公司希望把新工厂设在河边。（2）After he retires hes going to locate in California. 他打算退休后到加利福尼亚定居。locate，situate这两个词可以用作主动，表示“把放置在地方；确定的位置”Bats locate

6、 obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置。The council is trying to decide where to situate the new hospital.委员会正试图决定将新医院建在何处。这两个词也可以用作被动, 表示“位于”My school was located near the river. 我的学校靠近河边。The village is situated in a valley. 那个村子在山谷里。6. debate n. 辩论,讨论 v. 辩论After a long debate the bill was passed. 经长时间的辩论，议案获得通过。arg

7、ue 指一方坚持自己的意见,立场和观点,通过争论企图说服对方(argue with sb. about/over sth.) debate 多指公开,正式场合进行的辩论或严肃的争论,双方各自陈述理由,“交锋”“往返”的意味较强 discuss 指为了解决问题或弄清对方的观点而进行的讨论,磋商 dispute 指持续,激烈的争论,语气较强,有“相持不下,未得解决”的意思(in dispute在争论中) quarrel 争吵,争论,含与人发生口角的意思7. manageable a. 易办的,易管理的,易控制的We are trying to reduce the problem to manag

8、eable proportions. 我们正努力把问题缩小到可以控制的范围内。manage v. 处理,维持,达成,管理（1）I finally managed to find the book I was looking for. 我终于找到了一直在找的书。（2）His wife knows how to manage him when he is angry. 他的妻子知道在他生气时怎么对付他。（3）He managed the company when his father was away ill. 在他的父亲生病不在的时候，他管理公司。8. run out of 用完= use up

9、He has run out of red ink. 他的红墨水用完了。run out 用尽 耗尽注意两者的区别: Our time is running out./We are running out of time. 我们剩下的时间不多了。9. fade v. 褪色,消失,凋谢 fade out淡出 fade away逐渐消失fade into逐渐消失而变成(无足轻重的东西)Examples:（1）The closing music fades out when the hero rides off into the sunset. 当男主角策马向夕阳驰去时，尾声音乐逐渐消失。（2）Flo

10、wers soon faded when they have been cut. 花剪下后很快就会枯萎。（3）Hopes of a peaceful settlement are now fading. 和平解决的希望正在消失。（4）As evening came the coastline faded into darkness. 夜晚来临，海岸线融入茫茫夜色中。10. observation观察; 了解observe v. 观察,遵守,注意到;庆祝Examples:（1）I observed him entering the bank with a gun. ( observe sb. d

11、o / doing 的结构) 我看到他带着枪进了银行。（2）Do you observe Christmas? 你有过圣诞节的习俗吗？（3）We should observe the proprieties. 我们应该遵守礼节。11. ruin n. 毁灭; 废墟(pl.), v. 毁坏,破坏in ruins 成了一片废墟了Examples:（1）The castle now lies in ruins. 那城堡现在已成了一片废墟了。（2）The rain ruined my painting. 这场雨把我的画给毁了。（3）His rashness led ultimately to his

12、ruin. 他的急躁卤莽最终导致了他的毁灭。（4）He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。1) damage指“损坏”，一般暗示损坏后价值或效益会降低，这种损坏是部分性的。有时该词也用于借喻。2) destroy 意为“破坏；摧毁；消灭；毁灭”，指完全彻底的破坏，含有无法修复之意，也可用于借喻。如： 3) ruin 多用于借喻之中，有时泛指一般性的破坏，指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。也可指对美好事物的破坏. 12. turn out生产；证明是 turn away 走开；把脸转过去 turn ones back on 不理

13、睬turn on 开，旋开(电灯等) turn off 关(水源等)；拐弯 turn into 进入；使变成，使成为turn in 转身进入；拐入；交出；上床睡觉 turn down 关小，调低；拒绝turn against 对采取敌对态度 by turns 轮流，交替take turns 依次，轮流 on the turn 正在转变中 in turn 依次，轮流；转而，反过来turn up 出现；找到；turn to 变成；求助于；着手；查阅 turn over (机器等)运转；翻过来；仔细考虑13. strengthen v. 加强,变坚固Examples:（1）The wind stre

14、ngthened during the night. 风在夜间刮得更猛了。（2）The soldiers strengthened their defenses. 士兵们加强了他们的防御工事。en-：加在名词、形容词或动词前构成动词。如：encourage（鼓励），enable , enlarge 还可以作为后缀, 如: widen; broaden; soften; shorten; lengthen 14. comparison n. 比较in comparison with 和比较起来by comparison 通过比较Examples:（1）He is rather dull in c

15、omparison with others. 和别人比较起来，他相当迟钝。（2）We can only tell good from bad by comparison. 我们可以通过比较来分辨好坏。compare to vt. 比拟compare with vt. 与相比(同比较起来)compared with ; +主句15. alternate a. 交替的,轮流的 v. 交替,轮流Examples:（1）Sunny weather alternated with rain. 天气晴雨相间。（2）We alternate in doing the housework. 我们轮流做家务。（

16、3）She gets Saturdays off in her new job as against working alternate weekends in her last one. 她新找的这份工作星期六放假，而原来的那份工作周末是隔周放假。alternative a. 两者择一的n. 替换物,取舍 v. 两者取一Examples:（1）Have you got an alternative suggestion? 你有没有其他建议？（2）We have no alternative, but to do it. 我们别无选择，只能做了。（3）There appears to be n

17、o alternative. 似乎没有别的选择。（4）Disillusioned voters want an alternative to the two main parties.失望的选民需要一个党派以取代这两个大党。alternately ad. 交替地,隔一个地16. circumstance n. 环境,状况,事件Examples:（1）Due to circumstances beyond our control the lecture was cancelled. 由于无法控制的情况，讲座取消了。（2）He was forced by the circumstances to

18、do this. 他做此事是为环境所迫。circumstance 意为“环境,情形,情况”,常用复数形式,表明与某事件或某人有关的情况,环境,境况等. under no circumstance在任何情况下决不，例：Under no circumstance should you lend him some money.无论如何你都不要借给他钱。（要用倒装）surroundings常用复数形式,指“环境,周围的事物”,词义较狭窄,仅指周围的具体的物质性的东西. The students live happily in beautiful surroundings.surround动词“包围”，

19、surrounding“周围的”environment意为“环境, 周围的状况,自然环境”一个生物体或一群生物体周围的整体状况,尤其指作用和影响这群生物体的生长,发展和生存的外界物质条件的总和. The twins were separated at birth and brought up in entirely different environment.【模拟试题】一、单项选择。1. The house wanted _, unless he decided to move into the country. A. done upB. to do upC. doing upD. bein

20、g done up2. If you _ earlier yesterday, you would have met him at the party. A. didnt leaveB. hadnt leftC. wouldnt leaveD. wouldnt have left3. Ill write a letter to _ people are on the list. A. anyB. allC. whoeverD. whichever4. What do these achievements have _? A. in commonB. the sameC. in shareD.

21、in store5. Some people waste a lot of food _ others havent enough to eat. A. howeverB. whenC. asD. while6. _ the dancer comes from? A. Do you suppose whereB. Where you suppose C. Where do you supposeD. You suppose where7. Mr. Green is an Australian, _ I know from his accent. A. who B. whom C. which

22、D. that8. - How time flies. It is already 10 oclock. - Oh, I _ it at all. A. dont realize B. didnt realizeC. havent realizedD. hadnt realize9. _ several times, but he doesnt know how to do it properly. A. Being shown B. Having shown C. Having been shown D. Ive shown him10. Not until the rain stopped

23、 _ to continue their way again. A. they startedB. started theyC. did they startD. had they started11. _ only 20 minutes to go before the train left, I felt uneasy in the taxi to the railway station. A. ForB. AsC. BecauseD. With12. He is not _ to leave at once. A. possibleB. probablyC. likelyD. possi

24、bly13. She tried her best to make her work _. A. perfectlyB. perfectC. beautifulD. beautifully14. Now we can see _ problem population is. A. what seriousB. such seriousC. how serious aD. so a serious15. Today, if you find something useful on the Internet, you can download and _ it. A. saveB. spareC.

25、 shareD. turn二、完形填空。While you are much safer inside than out, lightning can strike you even in the home. Heres how to 1 yourself indoors: Stay away from 2 . Get out of the shower of bath. Dont 3 conductors such as fireplaces and metal pipes. Chery1 Falvey of Killingworth Conn., was struck 4 lightnin

26、g last year while washing her clothes. Lightning 5 a window next to the washing machine, struck her right hand, 6 through her body and finally out of her 7 arm. “It was as though I was 8 a bolt（雷电）of lightning in my hands,” remembers Falvey, who was 9 across the room. Stay off the telephone. It isnt

27、 an old wives 10 many people have been hurt through telephone wires. It was 11 outside while Peter Van Artrijk, Jr. was on the 12 at his house in Florida. “Bam! A bolt hit the building,” he says. “I 13 the hair on my arms stand on end and a charge（电荷）hit me through telephone, which was 14 blown out

28、of my hand.” Unplug（拔插头）televisions, computers, etc. Dont just turn them 15 . If the house is struck, they could be damaged if you keep them 16 in. Try lightning rods（避雷针）if your 17 is very often hit by lightning. 18 fixed, says Rust, lightning rods 19 the chances of damage to a home and to the 20 i

29、nside it.1. A. saveB. hideC. spendD. protect2. A. housesB. roomsC. doorsD. windows3. A. touchB. graspC. moveD. seize4. A. byB. throughC. intoD. with5. A. brokeB. reachedC. enteredD. forced6. A. slippedB. travelledC. spreadD. rolled7. A. woundedB. hurtC. rightD. left8. A. holdingB. carryingC. keeping

30、D. placing9. A. shakenB. sweptC. thrownD. drawn10. A. talkB. taleC. newsD. report11. A. darkB. lightningC. silentD. raining12. A. phoneB. sofaC. bedD. chair13. A. feltB. discoveredC. foundD. sensed14. A. simplyB. hardlyC. almostD. completely15. A. onB. overC. offD. down16. A. turned B. pluggedC. ope

31、nedD. played17. A. townB. areaC. buildingD. courtyard18. A. ProperlyB. ExactlyC. CorrectlyD. Prettily19. A. recoverB. reuseC. repairD. reduce20. A. menB. womenC. peopleD. families三、阅读理解。ASINGAPORE-Another Thai worker died in his sleep last Friday, the second such mysterious death in the past three d

32、ays and the 10th since the beginning of the year. Thongchai Sombattra, 22, is said to be the youngest to have died mysteriously this year. A total of 10 young Thai construction workers in their late 20s or 30s who appeared well and healthy when they went to bed have died since the beginning of this

33、year. They were either found dead in the morning or had died suddenly in the middle of the night after some difficulty in breathing. (From China Daily, March 19, 1990)1. Thongchai Sombattra died _. A. in his 30sB. in his early 20sC. of lung troubleD. on Friday morning2. The workers died because _. A

34、. they went to bed late B. they are mysterious C. they had trouble in breathing D. of a terrible diseaseBThe money for the space program of the United States has been questioned by some people. There are suggestions that the money could be better spent elsewhere. Some people believe that the Apollo

35、to the moon could have been better and more cheaply done by robots. Their arguments may have some value. It is true, however, that never in history was mankind so united or so focused on one event as when Neil A. Armstrong climbed down a ladder from the Apollo and stepped onto the moon. The effect o

36、f feelings of this event is something to be considered when we look at the space program. President Nixon spoke these words to the astronauts, “ all the people on this earth are truly one - one in the pride in what you have done .” “We came in peace of all mankind.” These words give noble ideas that

37、 we on earth must try to achieve in our daily lives. Perhaps the writer Archibald Macleish made the best comment as to what the moon flight - Apollo might mean for all mankind. He wrote that to see the earth as it truly is, small and beautiful, to see ourselves as brothers, brothers who know they ar

38、e truly brothers.3. The writer believes that _. A. the space program is worthless B. President Nixon made the best comment about the Apollo C. The effect of feelings of the event of the moon landing is important in judging its cost D. Archibald Macleish is a great writer4. The writer suggests that _

39、. A. the space flight should be questioned B. all the people on the earth watch TV C. the moon flight may help us to see ourselves as brothers D. the astronauts came in peace5. The word “elsewhere” in the passage means _. A. other programB. other countryC. other placeD. other stateCThe story of the

40、Kennedy brothers is rather like one of those songs which children sing happily and which end up with the shout, “And then there none.”The eldest brother was killed in the war, John was shot in Dallas in 1963, Robert was murdered in 1968, and Edwards chances of becoming president may have died when h

41、is car had an accident, killing the passenger.The four boys were brought up by their father to do and fight for nothing but the best, whether on the games field or in political life. He managed to give them so much ambition(雄心) and energy that only since the youngest brother found his political deat

42、h, have people begun to ask themselves, “Why did we look on the Kennedys as the family chosen to lead the USA to a better future?”In fact, John and Robert had both shown their ability and courage in international politics and their work for civil rights, and Edward had a good record as senator(上议员);

43、 but so had many other people. Only history will show how much of the Kennedy story was built on fact and how much on the famous family name. 6. The best title for the article is _. A. Political MurderB. The Best Family of USA C. A Famous Family NameD. The Kennedy Brother7. From the article we know

44、that old Kennedy taught his sons _. A. to aim high and try to achieve great success B. to fight for everything C. to try their best to be good citizens D. not to waste so much of their energy in fighting8. According to the article, Edward Kennedy _. A. was the oldest of the four brothersB. liked to

45、sing childrens song C. died in a hospital soon after the car accidentD. was active in political life9. Which of the following is wrong? A. Two of the brothers were murdered in the 1960s. B. Edward was elected president of the US. C. The father raised the boys by teaching them what to struggle for. D. People used to think highly of the Kennedy brothe