高考英语必背单词分类归纳汇总

1、高考英语必背单词分类归纳汇总清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站： 清华大学英语教授研究组提供高考英语必背单词汇总从现在开始记忆!单词拼写必背一、一个星期七天1. Monday 2. Tuesday 3. Wednesday 4. Thursday 5. Friday 6. Saturday 7. Sunday二、一年十二个月1. January 2. February 3. March 4. April 5. May6. June 7. July 8. August 9. September 10. October 11. November 12. December三、一年四

2、季1. spring 2. summer 3. autumn 4. winter四、容易拼写错的数字 1. eighth第八2. ninth第九3. forty四十4. twelfth第十二5. twentieth第二十 四、亲属称呼 1. daughter (女儿)2. niece (女性晚辈)3. nephew (男性晚辈)4. cousin (同辈兄弟姐妹)5. aunt (女性长辈)6. uncle (男性长辈) 五、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母 1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔2. control (controlled, co

3、ntrolling) 控制3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认 4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿 6. refer (referred, referring) 提到7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记 8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备 注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语）六、部分过

4、去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词 1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰6. hang (作“绞死”讲，是规则的；作“悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung)7. lie (作“说谎”讲时，是规则的；作“位于”讲时，其过去式是lay，过去分词是lain)8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求9. shake (s

5、hook, shaken) 发抖10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉12. spread (spread, spread) 传播 13. swim (swam, swum) 游泳14. tear (tore, torn) 撕碎15. weave (wove, woven) 编织七、意思相近的词 1. check / examine/ test2. receive / accept3. destroy /damage 4. celebrate/ congratulate5. wear / dress 八、注意形容词变名词时

6、的拼写变化 1. longlength 长度2. widewidth 宽度3. highheight 高度4. strongstrength力量 九、以-ic结尾的动词，应先把-ic变为-ick，再加ing或ed1. picnic (picnicked, picnicking) 野餐 十、个别名词的复数拼写 1. German (Germans) 德国人2. gulf (gulfs) 海湾3. handkerchief (handkerchiefs) 手帕4. hero (英雄)，potato (土豆)，tomato (西红柿) 等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。 5. roof

7、(roofs) 房顶6. stomach 胃 (其复数是stomachs而不是加es)十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化 1. succeedsuccess成功2. pronouncepronunciation 发音3. explainexplanation解释4. decidedecision 决定5. enterentrance进入6. permitpermission 允许7. refuserefusal 拒绝8. considerconsideration 考虑9. discoverdiscovery 发现 10. buryburial 埋葬11. concludeconclusion

8、得出结论12. arrivearrival 到达13. weighweight 重量 十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化 1. beautifulbeautifully 美丽的2. possiblepossibly 可能的3. practicalpractically 实际的4. particularparticularly 特别的5. successfulsuccessfully 成功的 十三、其它必背单词 1. abroad 国外2. absence n. 缺席 (absent adj.)3. accepted (NMET1997)4. accident事故 (accidental adj

9、. 偶然的，accidentally adv. 偶然地)5. achievement成就 (achieve v. 获得)6. address地址7. admire钦佩8. admitting (2000北京春季卷)9. agreement 协议10. agriculture农业 (agricultural adj. 农业的)11. altogether总共12. ancient 古代的13. announced(NMET1999)14. anxiety 忧虑 (anxious adj. 焦急的，anxiously adv. 焦急地)15. apologize v. 道歉 (apology n.

10、 道歉apologetic adj. 道歉的，apologetically adv.道歉地)16. apologize/apologise (2000全国卷)17. appreciate感激/欣赏 (感激人用thank sb；谢谢某人做的事用appreciate sth.)18. Asian(NMET1996)19. assistant 助手 20. astonish吃惊 (astonishment n. 吃惊，astonishing，astonished)21. astronaut 宇航员22. atmosphere气氛23. attempt尝试 (可作名词也可作动词)24. attenti

11、vely 专心地25. attentively(NMET1996)26. attitude 态度27. attract 吸引 (attraction吸引力)28. average 平均29. average(NMET1999)30. balance平衡31. beauty 美 (beautiful)32. believe相信 (belief n. 信念，其复数是beliefs)33. beyond超过34. biology生物35. birthday生日36. bravery 勇敢37. broadcast(NMET1996)38. broadcast广播 (过去式、过去分词同原形)39. c

12、arefully 小心 (carefully)40. ceiling天花板41. celebrated (2000北京春季卷)42. celebration 庆祝 (celebrate n. 庆祝)43. century 世纪44. challenge 挑战45. character 性格46. charge收费47. cinema电影院48. comfort v. & n. 安慰 (comfortable adj. comfortably adv.舒适地)49. comfortably(NMET1997)50. comment 评论51. communication 交流52. co

13、mpetition 竞赛 (compete v. 竞赛competitor 竞赛者)53. composition 作文54. concert 音乐会55. conclude v. conclusion n. 结论56. condition情况 (conditions条件)57. confessing (2000北京春季卷)58. congratulations 祝贺 (congratulate v.)59. constantly 不断地60. construction(NMET1996)61. continue继续62. contribution 贡献 (contribute v.)63.

14、conveniently方便 (convenient adj.)64. conversation 谈话65. coughing(NMET1997)66. cousin表兄弟67. cruelty 残酷 (cruel adj. cruelly adv.)68. curious 好奇 (curiosity n. 好奇)69. curious(NMET1996)70. customer 顾客71. customers (2000北京春季卷)72. custom习俗73. damage损坏74. declared(NMET1999)75. delicious 美味76. destroy毁灭 (其过去式

15、是destroyed)77. determined 有决心的78. develop发展 (development n. developing 发展中的，developed发达的)79. dialogue 对话80. diary 日记 (dairy 奶制品)81. difference 不同点 (有复数形式)82. disappointed失望 (disappointing 让人失望的)83. disappointment 失望84. discovery 发现 (其复数是discoveries，其动词是discover，discoverer发现者)85. disturb打扰86. dollar美

16、元 (其复数是dollars)87. downstairs楼下88. dream梦想 (其过去式是dreamed或dreamt)89. electricity电 (electrical电的，electric 电的)90. employ 雇用 (employment n. employer 雇主，employee雇员)91. empty倒空 (可用动词，其过去式是emptied)92. encourage鼓励 (encouraging, encouraged, encouragement n.)93. energy能量94. envelope 信封95. envy n. 妒忌 (envious

17、adj.)96. equal(NMET1998)97. equipment设备98. especially 尤其是99. essential(NMET1999)100. European 欧洲人101. event事件102. excellent极好 (excellence n. excellently adv.)103. exhibition(NMET1997)104. exhibition展览105. expense 耗费106. experience 经验 (experienced 有经验的)107. expert 专家108. expression 表达109. failure 失败

18、(fail v.)110. familiar(NMET1999)111. familiar熟悉的112. favorite 最喜爱的 (即作形容词也作名词，作名词时有复数)113. figure人物/数字114. finger手指115. flight飞行116. forehead前额117. foreign(NMET1998)118. fortunately幸运地119. forward向前120. freezing 极冷的 (frozen 冷冻的)121. frequently 经常地122. furniture 家具123. further进一步的124. generally (2000

19、全国卷)125. geography地理126. Germany德国127. government(NMET1996)128. gradually逐渐地129. graduation毕业 (graduate)130. grammar语法131. habits (NMET1997)132. handkerchiefs (2000北京春季卷)133. honesty 诚实 (honest)134. honor/honour 荣誉135. imagination 想象力 (imagine v.)136. immediate (2000北京春季卷)137. immediately马上138. impr

20、ess 印象 (impression n.)139. incident小事件140. including包括 (include v.)141. indispensable (NMET1999)142. industry工业 (industrial adj. 工业的)143. information 信息144. inspire激励 (inspiration n. inspiring, inspired)145. institute学院146. instrument 仪器147. interest 兴趣148. interrupt 打断149. interrupt打断 150. introduc

21、e介绍 (introduction n.)151. irregular 不规则的152. journey旅程153. judge判断 (judgment)154. kindergarten幼儿园155. knowledge 知识156. labor/labour劳动157. late1y(NMET1999)158. laughter笑声159. lawyer律师160. librarian图书馆理员161. loss损失 (lose, lost 是其动词形式)162. luckily幸运地163. magazine杂志164. majority (2000北京春季卷)165. majority

22、大多数166. manage 设法 (manager, management)167. market(2000全国卷)168. marriage 结婚 (marry v. 结婚，married已婚的)169. material(s)/cloth(NMET1996)170. material物质/材料171. mayor市长172. mean (NMET1999)173. measure测量 174. medal 奖章 (比较：model 模型)175. memory记忆力 (memorize v. 记住，remember 记得)176. messages (2000全国卷)177. metal

23、 金属178. modern现代的179. modest谦虚的180. monitor 班长/监控 181. moustache 胡子182. murder谋杀 (murderer 凶手)183. musician 音乐家184. mysterious 神秘的 (mystery 神秘)185. nationality国籍 (nation 国家，national国家的)186. naturally(NMET1998)187. naughty 淘气的188. necessary(NMET1999)189. ninth(NMET1998)190. normal 正常的191. obey (NMET1

24、997)192. obviously明显的193. offering (2000全国卷)194. operation手术195. opportunity 机会196. ordinary 普通的197. organized/organised(NMET1996)198. particularly 特别是199. passenger 旅客200. passengers(NMET1999)201. patience耐心 (patiently)202. patient病人/耐心203. perfect 完美 (perfectly)204. performed(2000北京春季卷)205. perhap

25、s 或许206. period 时期207. permission许可208. persuaded(NMET1996)209. phenomena 现象210. physicist 物理学家211. pilots (2000全国卷)212. poisonous 有毒的 (poison)213. political 政治的 (politics)214. popular受欢迎的215. population人口216. position 职位217. possibility(-ies)可能性 (possible 可能的)218. poverty 贫穷 (poor)219. poverty贫穷 22

26、0. practical (NMET1997)221. preparing(NMET1998)222. pressure(NMET1997)223. pretend假装224. professor 教授225. profit 利润226. progress进步227. pronunciation (2000北京春季卷)228. provide 提供 (比较：offer, supply)229. public 公众230. purpose目的231. quality(NMET1996)232. quantity数量233. realistic(NMET1997)234. receive 收到23

27、5. recently(NMET1999)236. recognised/recognized(NMET1999)237. recognize 认出 (recognition 承认)238. regards 问候239. remind提醒240. repeat (repetition)重复241. respect尊敬242. restaurant 餐馆243. restaurants(NMET1999) 244. satisfaction满意 (satisfy, satisfied, satisfying)245. satisfactory 满意的246. Saturday(NMET1998)

28、247. scientific 科学的248. scientific科学的249. secretary秘书 250. secretly (2000北京春季卷)251. separately单独地252. separates (NMET1998)253. serious 严重的 (seriously)254. service服务255. shortcoming缺点 256. silence 安静 (silent)257. similar (2000北京春季卷)258. similar 类似的 (similarity ies相似之处)259. situation形势/情况260. slightly

29、(2000全国卷)261. society 社会 (social adj. 社会的)262. southern(2000全国卷)高考英语7选5补缺题新题型2009高考英语辽宁卷“7选5补缺题”阅读填空题题样：阅读理解第二节(共5小题:每小题2分, 满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways. 71 Second, your notes are

30、 excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest.You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report. 72 whenever or however you

31、 take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process. 73 The following methods may work best for you.· Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.· Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts.· Write your no

32、tes in your own words.· 74 · Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written.As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. 75 A. Use words, not complete senten

33、ces.B. There are three practical note-taking methods.C. You must write your notes on separate paper.D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.E. You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in

34、your notes.G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.这篇文章整体分为四个段落层次，每个段落均由几个语段构成相对独立地语义单位，各段都围绕“Taking good notes”这样一个中心话题，形成了文章的线性结构；第一段讲述的是做笔记是好学生在多方面的一项省时技巧，第二段讲述的是不管何时、用何种方法做笔记，都要有选择性的做记录，第三段讲述的是做笔记的最佳方法，第四段讲述的是要记住自己的速记符号，这就形成了文章的层次结

35、构，这对下一步的做题有了明确的整体方向。7选5补缺题阅读填空题解题思路通读整篇文章，把握整段语脉，理出文章的中心。根据标点符号确定有几个句子。除中心词、关键词外，将所有句子按意义分出层次，如果是承接、平列、层进关系，则可分为两个或两个以上的层次，如果是解释、转折一般就可以一分为二。再分析各层次之间的关系。最后检查核对层次划分有无错误。如一篇文章或语段有几个句子单位，几个层次，特别是长难句构成的语段层次是否明确。阅读填空题详解分析：语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段

36、落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，我们在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只要层层入手，才能真正理解文章。阅读填空题的解题策略：1.理清句际间意义的关系文章的内容是根据各层各段的大意有机地组合而成，各个层次，各个段落之间不管怎样错落有致，但它所表达的内容都是要围绕中心的，各句之间都有一定的语脉，从逻辑意义上来看，语段的句际关系可分为平列、顺序、层

37、递、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系。构成语段的各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的句际关系。如上述2009年高考英语（辽宁卷）阅读理解新题型题样中，第一段的第一句“Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a batter student in several ways”与下面几句是解释关系，解释关系是指后面的句子对前面的句子作解释、引申、例证，使意思更加明了、具体。后三句之间是平列关系，平列关系指句与句之间处于平等并列的地位，互不相属，而只是组合在一起共同说明一个问题。平列关系组合的语段，在次序上并

38、不固定，如果局部改变句子的相互位置并不改变整个语段的意思。第二段的第一句与第二句是层递关系，层递关系是一种固定的顺序关系，但又不同与顺序关系，顺序关系指构成语段的各句子只能按事物发展的过程由先而后地顺序排列，不可随意改变次序，通常在记叙文或描述固定的操作程序的说明文中用得普遍，而层递关系组合的语段是按语意的轻重、认识的深浅作由轻到重、由浅入深的排列。第三句与第四句是解释关系，第一、二句组合为一个语段，第三、四句组合为另外一个语段，语段与语段之间是总分关系，总分关系是指前面的句子陈述两个过两个以上的对象，后面的句子紧接着分别对它们加以说明。用这种方式组合的语段能够前呼后应，彼此配合，使语脉清楚，

39、条分缕析，如“Whenever or however you take notes”一句与前两句前呼后应，彼此配合，为前句选“E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes. ”埋伏了一笔，逻辑性很强。第三段的第一句与下面几句是解释关系，而后列举的方法是平列关系。第四段的最后两句是转折关系，转折关系指句与句之间存在意义的转折，通常表达对比或对照的意思。2.找出句子之间的连接性的词语文章的语句间的组合，除了从语句间的意义关系分析外，还可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握，因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层

40、之间的基本关系是：承接关系（如so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result等）；平列关系（如first, second, third;firstly, secondly, thirdly; first, next, then; in the first place, in the second place; for one thing, for another thing;to begin with, to conclude等）；转折关系（如however, nevertheless, nonetheles

41、s, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, otherwise等）；层递关系（如also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, whats more, too, either, neither, notbut, not

42、 onlybut also等）。比如2009年高考英语（辽宁卷）阅读理解新题型题样中的选项71，由Second、Third得知应选表示平列关系的句子G.项；如72 选项与前句组合为层递关系,故应选包含also的E.项句子,或者是解释关系；如73选项应选F.选项,与74选项平等的，是一组祈示句,而非陈述句,故应选A.项而非B项。如选项75与前句构成了转折关系,故应选D.项答案。总之，对一个语段或语篇的分析，可以按以上所述步骤进行；1第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Before going outside

43、in the morning, many of us check a window thermometer(温度计)for the temperature. This helps us decide what to wear. _71_ . We want our food to be a certain coldness in the refrigerator. We want it a certain hotness in the oven. If we dont feel well, we use a thermometer to see if we have a fever. We k

44、eep our rooms a certain warmth in the winter and a certain coolness in the summer.Not all the thermometers use the same system to measure temperature. We use a system called the Fahrenheit scale. But most other countries use the Centigrade scale.Both systems use the freezing and boiling points of wa

45、ter as their guide._72_ .The most common kind of thermometer is made with mercury(水银)inside a clear glass tube. As mercury (or any other liquid ) becomes hot, it expands. As it gets colder, it contracts(收缩). That is why on hot days the mercury line is high in the glass tube._73_.First. Take a clear

46、glass juice bottle that has a cap; fill the bottle with coloured water. Tap a hole in the center of the cap using a hammer and thick nail. Put the cap on the jar. Then stick a plastic straw(吸管) through the nail hole._74_.Finally. Place a white card on the outside of the bottle and behind the straw.

47、Now you can see the water lever easily._75_.As the temperature goes down, the water will contract, and the lever in the straw will come down. Perhaps you will want to keep a record of the water lever in the straw each morning for a week.A. We use and depend on thermometers to measure the temperature

48、 of many other things in our daily lives.B. Thermometers measure temperature, by using materials that change in the same way when they are heated or cooled.C. Now that you know this rule you can make a thermometer of your own that will work.D. The water will rise in the straw. As the temperature of

49、the air goes up, the water will expand and rise even higher.E. They label these in different ways. On the Fahrenheit scale water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees. On the Celsius scale water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100degrees.F. Take wax (you may use an old candle if you have

50、one) and melt some of it right where the straw is struck into the cap to seal(把.粘住) them together.G. People use thermometers which are made by themselves when travelling around the world. 2第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 What is your favouritecolour? Do you like y

51、ellow, orange, red? _71_ . Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colour preference,

52、 as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. _72_. If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly._73_ . A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress bri

53、ngs warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. _74_ . A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides(自杀) than any other bridge in the area-until it was repainted green. The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply. Perhaps it would have fallen ev

54、en more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue. _75_ . It is an established fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.A. On the other hand, black is depressing.B. They tell us, among other facts,

55、 that we do not choose our favouritecolour as grow up - we are born with our preference.C. The rooms are painted in different colours as you like.D. If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement.E. Light and bright colours make people not only

56、happier but more active.F. Life is like a picture or a poem, full of different colours.G. Colours do influence our moods-there is no doubt about it 1.答案与解析:71. A。从前面上下文意义可知温度计在我们日常生活中的功能，便可知道选择A正确。72. E。从上文可知“温度计分华氏标准和摄氏标准两种方式计量温度，”选项E进一步介绍了这两种温度计量方式的具体标准。故正确答案是E。73. C。本段前一部分介绍了温度计的构造原理，下文根据此原理制造一个能够计量温度工作的温度计。所以选项C符合文意。74. F。根据上下文的逻辑意义，选项F是正确答案。75. D。从下文可知应选与之对应的选项D。2.答案与解析:71. D。根据下文问答形式可以看出，选项D为正确答案。72. B。根据上文意义，选项填到此