英语翻译技巧方法介绍2

1、Chapter 5 Amplification 吴宜涛吴宜涛 2013/4 Amplification means supplying necessary words in translation, making the version grammatically correct, semantically clear, rhetorically sound, logically acceptable, and culturally appropriate. 增词并不是给译文增加额外的信息或意义，也不意味着译文没有忠于原文。恰恰相反，所增加的词语往往是原文中没有直接说出但却隐含其中的信息，只是

2、由于翻译所涉及的两种语言之间的差异，原文可以隐含该信息，但译文必须明示出来。 采用增词翻译法需要注意的问题是，所增加的词语必须既要同原文意义上保持高度的一致，又要在句法结构上或者修辞上同译文保持搭配上的和谐。换言之，增词翻译法是为了忠实再现原文信息和在译文中进行通顺表达之所需而使用的翻译方法。contents英译汉 Structural amplification Semantic amplification Rhetorical amplification汉译英Structural Amplification Structural amplification is mainly due to

3、 the structural or grammatical differences between English and Chinese. What is omitted or unnessary in English may be indispensable in Chinese, or vice verse; hence the principle of amplification in translating. Supplying words omitted or substituted in the original We wont retreat; we never have a

4、nd never will. 我们不后退，我们从来没有后退后退过，我们将来也决不后退后退。 Water evaporates more rapidly when the temperature is high than when it is low. 温度高，水蒸发得快；温度低，水蒸发得慢。 Supplying words necessary in structure or collocation of the target text You cannot build a ship, a bridge or a house if you dont know how to make a desi

5、gn or how to read it. 不会制图或看不懂图纸，就不可能造船、架桥或盖房子。Semantic Amplification Supplying Supplementary Nouns (Category Words) to Make the Meaning Concrete and Clear The arrogance of the aristocracy helped to lead to the French Revolution. 贵族的傲慢态度傲慢态度促发了法国革命。 Examples of Chinese category words:complacency 自满情

6、绪 remedy 补救方法jealousy 嫉妒心理 transition 演变过程alienation 异化现象 necessity 必要性tension 紧张局势 readability 可读性madness 疯狂行为 preparation 准备工作backwardness 落后状态 transformation 转化过程 Recourse to arms is not the best solution to a quarrel between countries. 国与国之间的争端借助武力，并不是最好的解决办法。 At the same time, inequality has be

7、come worse. 同时，不平等现象变得更严重了。 He manifested a strong dislike for his fathers business. 他对父亲的生意表现了强烈的厌恶情绪。 Supplying Supplementary Verbs to Explain the Meaning of Nouns In the event of war, the side which has a high degree of mobility will get a decided advantage. 如果发生战争，哪一方有高度的机动性，哪一方就会获得决定性的优势。 Foots

8、teps announced his return.听见脚步声，知道他回来了。 For my own part, I consider it as nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery. 依我看来，我认为这完全是一个要么赢得自由要么沦为奴隶的问题。 For the international community the most striking consequence of these changes is that China has grown to be the worlds eleventh largest econom

9、y, and is set to grow further. 对于国际社会来说，这些变化所带来的最为引人注目的结果是，中国已跃居世界第十一位经济大国，而且今后定会更强。 My work, my family, my friends were more than enough to fill my time. 我要干活，要做家务，还要招待朋友，这些足够占去我全部时间。 In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of

10、 the final communique. 晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演以后，他还得起草最后公报。 Rhetorical Amplification Necessary words or expressions may be added to make the translation more expressive, idiomatic and appealing to the Chinese readers. Dont take it seriously. Its only a joke. 不要认真嘛！这不过是开个玩笑而已。 不要认真。这只是一个玩笑。 What have y

11、ou got to be so proud of? 你究竟有啥了不起的？ Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked and laughed, proposed health. 他们的主人，（又是）割啊，（又是）倒啊，（又是）端菜啊，（又是）切面包啊，又说又笑，（又是）敬酒啊，忙个不停。 他们的主人割，倒，端菜，切面包，谈，笑，敬酒。 At the fair there is a great quantity of eating and drinking, making love and jilting, laughing and

12、the contrary, smoking, cheating, fighting, dancing and fiddling. (Vanity Fair) 市场上有许多人在大吃大喝，谈情说爱，又哭又笑，还有吸烟的、骗人的、打架的、跳舞的和拉手提琴的。 市场上的人有的在吃喝，有的在调情，有的得了新宠就丢了旧爱，有在笑的，也有在哭的，还有在抽烟的，打架的，跳舞的，拉提琴的，诓骗哄人的。 （杨必 译）其他需要增补的情况 You can almost put it down as a general rule in this town that presidents often invite “ho

13、nest criticism” from their aides. 你几乎可以把这一点看成这里的一种倾向：历届总统经常请他们的助手们提出“直率的批评”。 英语中的可数名词都有其单数和复数形式，其复数形式是在名词之后加上后缀 “-s” 构成。汉语中的名词复数可通过许多途径构成，如本例在“总统”前增加“历届”二字便成复数。 Cargo insurance is to protect the trader from losses that many dangers may cause. 货物保险会使贸易商免受许多风险所可能造成的种种损失。 The judge let him off with war

14、nings not to cause trouble again. 法官对他再三提出警告，不得重新作案，然后就将他放了。汉英翻译中的增补 在我十六岁还是一名乡下插队知识青年时，根本想不到还有今天。 （冯长根 我唯一的资本是勤奋） At 16 I was sent to live and work in the countryside as most urban school graduates were at the time. It never occurred to me that I could ever become what I am today. 特区是个窗口，是技术的窗口，管理的

15、窗口，知识的窗口，也是对外政策的窗口。 The special economic zones are a window opening to the outside world. They are a window through which to bring in from abroad sophisticated technology, advanced managerial expertise and up-to-date know-how. It is also a window through which to disseminate Chinas external policies

16、. 该句原文所蕴含的文化信息在汉语文化中可以省略或者被隐藏起来而不会影响汉语读者的理解，但在将该句翻译成英语时，则需要将其中所蕴含的文化信息（译文中的斜体部分）采取增添的办法明示出来，以帮助外国读者理解。 小姨和母亲谈得最多的话题是“转正”两个字。 The topic that most occupied the women was the change from a temporary laborer to the status of a worker on permanent basis. “转正”一词是具有中国特色的词汇，它对于中国读者来说容易理解，但对于外国读者来说则难以理解，因为它负

17、载丰富的文化信息，翻译时需要采用注释性的意译方法才能译出其含义。 一见面是寒暄，寒暄之后说我“胖了”，说我“胖了”之后大骂其新党。 （鲁迅：祝福） 译文一：When we met, after exchanging a few polite remarks he said I was fatter, and after saying that immediately started a violent attack on the revolutionaries. (Foreign Languages Press, 1972) 译文二：After exchanging a few polite

18、remarks when we met, he complimented me with the remark that I looked “fatter”, and after that he launched a violent attack on the revolutionaries. 在翻译时应增添解释性词语。译文一没有给出足够的解释，译文二则较清楚地传达出了汉语文化所负载的信息。Homework 4 An economy based on free enterprise is generally characterized by private ownership and init

19、iative, with a relative absence of government involvement. 以自由企业为基础的经济体制，其普遍特性特性就是私有制和个人创新精神，政府的介入相对很少。 Developed to meet the needs of very high output networks, this new socket is characterized first of all by its exceptional performance. 这种新型的插座是为了满足高度信息输出网络的需要而开发的产品，它首要的特点首要的特点是，它的性能卓越。 For stude

20、nts of composition, an awareness that rhetorical patterns differ from one culture to another culture can help them become more quickly proficent in a writing pattern that is not native to them. 学习写作的人，如果意识意识到修辞模式会因文化的不同而不同会有助于他们更快地掌握掌握他们不熟悉的写作模式。 The doctors extremely quick arrival and uncommonly ca

21、reful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery. 医生迅速到达到达了，并且非常仔细地检查检查了病人，因此病人很快就康复康复了。 Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty. 千百万山区人民终于摆脱摆脱了贫穷。 Exchange of ideas is a constant and vital necessity. 思想交流是经常需要的需要的，也是极其需要的需要的。 Because of Einstei

22、ns theory, scientists never again regarded the world as they had before. 由于爱因斯坦的学说，科学家们对世界的看看法法与过去再也不一样了。 The President had prepared meticulously for his journey. 总统为这次出访作了十分周密的十分周密的准备。 众所周知，中国在在1980年年成功地发射了第一颗洲际导弹。 As is known to all, 1980 saw the successful launching of Chinas first intercontinental guided missile. 世纪之交世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。 The turn of the century finds China most active in the diplomat