上海长宁区2018届高三英语二模

1、2018届长宁区第二学期教学质量检测(二模)高三英语试题AGreatFriendshipThomasJeffersonandJamesMadisonmetin1776.Couldithavebeenanyotheryear?TheyworkedtogetherandstartedtofurtherAmericanRevolutionandlatertoshapetheofficialnewplanofgovernment,21(develop)aclosefriendship,whichlastedfor50years.Therewere22(share)purposesandacommone

2、ndonbothsides.Fourandahalfmonths23hedied,whenhewasillandworriedabouthisfamily,Jeffersonwrotetohislongtimefriend.HiswordsandMadisonsrepthatfriendsarefriendstilldeath.“Thefriendshipwhich24(exist)betweenusforhalfacentury,theharmonyofourpoliticalprinciplesandpursuitshavebeensourcesofconstanthappinesstom

3、ethroughthatlongperiod.Itsalsobeenagreatcomforttome25(believe)thatyouareengagedinvindicating(证实)totheyoungergenerationthecoursethatweverpueseevirfgtothem.Ifevertheearthhasnoticedasystemofadministrationconductedwith26singleandkeeneyetothegeneralinterestandhappinessofthosecommittedto,itmustbethesystem

4、protectedbytruth,to27ourliveshavebeendevoted.Tomyself,youhavebeenagreatsupporterthroughoutlife.TakecareofmewhendeadandbeassuredthatIshouldleavewithyoumylastAffections.”Aweeklater,Madisonreplied.“Youcannotlookback28thelongperiodofourprivatefriendshipandpoliticalharmonywithmoreaffectingrecollectionsth

5、anIdo.29theyareasourceofpleasuretoyou,itisthesametome.Wecannotbedeprived(失去)ofthehappyconsciousnessofthepuredevotiontothepublicgoodandIhaveconfidence30sufficientevidencewillfinditswaytoanothergenerationtoensure,afterwearegone,whateverofjusticemaybewithheldwhilewearehere.”SectionB.A.analysisB.usually

6、C.assuresD.poursE.developmentF.necessaryG.cloudyH.absentI.cultivateJ.allowK.extremelyHeiskindlyTheothereveningatadancingclubayoungmanintroducedmetoMr.andMrs.F.ScottFitzgerald,andScottseemedtohavechangedalotfromthefirsttimeImethimatPrinceton,whenhewasaneagerundergraduatetryinghisbestto_31_himselfinto

7、agreatauthor.Heisstilltryinghardtobeagreatauthor.Heisatworknowonanovelwhichhiswife_32_meisfarbetterthanThisSideofParadise,butlikemostofouryoungernovelistshefindsit_33_toproduceacertainnumberofshortstoriestomakethewheelsgoaround.ThatTheVegetable,hisplay,didnotreceiveaManhattanpresentationseemstohaved

8、isappointedratherthandiscouragedhim.Heisstill_34_light-hearted.Ihavealwaysconsideredhimthemostbrilliantofouryoungernovelists.Notoneofthemcantoughhisstyle,northesuperbqualityofhissatire(讽刺).Hehasyettoputtheminanovelwithcarefulnessofconceptionand_35_ofcharacter.Hecanbecomealmostanykindofwriterthathisp

9、eculiarlyrestlesscharacterwill_36_.BorninSt.Paul,heattendedPrinceton,servedintheArmy,wrotehisfirstnovelinatrainingcamp,achievedfameandfortune,marriedaSoutherngirl,hasachildandlivesinNewYork.Atheart,heisoneofthekindliestoftheyoungerwriters.ArtistrymeansagreatdealtoF.ScottFizgerald,andintohisownbestwo

10、rkhe_37_greatefforts.Hedemandsthisintheworkofothers,andwhenhedoesnotfindithecriticizeswithpassionateearnestness.Ihaveknownhim,afterreadingayoungfellow-novelistsbook,totakewhatmusthavebeenhoursoftimetowritehimalengthy,careful_38_.Justwhathewillwriteinthefutureremains_39_.Withafirmerreputationthanthat

11、oftheotheryoungpeople,heyetseemstometohaveachievedratherlessthanRobertNathanandrathermorethanStephenVincentBenet,CyrilHume.Hiscomingnovelshouldmeanadefinitepredictionforfuturework.Itistobehopedthatfromitwillbe_40_theseeminglyunavoidablemoderngirls.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionAStandardsforSchools:

12、DevelopingOrganizationalAccountability（绩效）Qualityteachingdependsonnotjustteachersknowledgeandskillsbutontheenvironmentinwhichtheywork.Schoolsneedtoofferacoherentcurriculumfocusedonhigher-orderthinkingandperformanceacrosssubjectareasandgrades,timeforteacherstowork_41_withstudentstoaccomplishchallengi

13、nggoals,opportunitiesforteacherstoplanwithandlearnfromoneanother,andregularoccasionstoevaluatetheoutcomesoftheir_42_.Ifschoolsaretobecomemoreresponsible,theymust,likeotherprofessionalorganizations,makeevaluationandassessmentpartoftheireverydaylives.Justashospitalshavestandingcommitteesofstaffthatmee

14、tregularlytolookatevaluationdataanddiscussthe_43_ofeachaspectoftheirwork-apracticereinforcedbytheiraccreditation（评定）requirements,-schoolsmusthaveregularoccasionstoexaminetheirpracticeandeffectiveness.AsRichardRothsteinandcolleaguesdescribeinGradingEducation:GettingAccountabilityRight,school-levelacc

15、ountabilitycanbesupportedbyschool_44_,likethosecommoninmanyothernations,inwhichtrainedexpertsevaluateschoolsbyspendingseveraldaysvisitingclassrooms,_45_samplesofstudentwork,andinterviewingstudentsabouttheirunderstandingandtheirexperiences,_46_lookingatobjectivedatasuchastestscores,graduationrates,an

16、dsoon.Insomecases,principalsaccompanytheinspectorsintoclassroomsandareaskedfortheirownevaluationsofthelessons.Inthisway,theinspectorsareabletomake_47_abouttheinstructionalandsupervisorycompetence（能力）forprincipals.Asdescribedearlier,inspectorsmayalsoplayaroleinensuringthe_48_andcomparabilityofschool-

17、basedassessments（asinEnglandandAustralia）,aswellasschoolsinternalassessmentandevaluationproc（asinHongKong）.Inmostcountriesinspectionsystems,schoolsareratedonthequalisyroctionandotherservicesandsupports,aswellasstudents_49_andprogressonawiderangeofaspects,includingandgoingbeyondacademicsubjectareas,s

18、uchasextra-curricular,personalandsocial_50_,theacquisitionofworkplaceskillsandthe_51_towhichstudentsareencouragedtoadoptsafepracticesanda_52_lifestyle.Schoolsareratedastowhethertheypassinspection,needmodestimprovements,orrequireseriousintervention（介入）,andtheyreceiveextensivefeedbackonwhattheinspecto

19、rsbothsawand_53_.Reportsarepubliclyposted.Schoolsrequiringinterventionarethengivenmoreexpert_54_andsupport,andareplacedonamorefrequentscheduleofvisits.Thosethatpersistentlyfailtopassmaybeplacedunderlocalgovernmentcontrolandcouldbe_55_iftheyarenotimproved.41.A.occasionallyB.closelyC.strictlyD.peacefu

20、lly42.A.challengesB.competenceC.curriculumD.practices43.A.effectivenessB.faultsC.progressD.requirements44.A.instructionB.protectionC.inspectionD.consideration45.A.takingB.improvingC.examiningD.copying46.A.asfarasB.ratherthanC.otherthanD.aswellas47.A.judgmentsB.decisionsC.inquiriesD.suggestions48.A.q

21、uantityB.qualityC.instructionD.support49.A.educationB.performanceC.attentionD.interest50.A.responsibilityB.structureC.resourcesD.benefits51.A.frequencyB.consistenceC.satisfactionD.extent52.A.comparableB.healthyC.differentD.unique53.A.appreciatedB.criticizedC.recommendedD.rewarded54.A.attentionB.prog

22、ramsC.evaluationD.explanations55.A.setdownB.putdownC.closeddownD.pulleddownSectionB22%（A）NATIONALGEOGRAPHICNEWSHumanAnimalNewsAncientWorldSpaceTechCultureWarningfromExpertsAgrowingamountofhuman-madeorbitaldebris（太空轨道残骸）一fromrocketstagesandout-of-datesatellite-iscirclingtheEarth.Scientistssaytheorbit

23、aldebris,betterknownasspacejunk,posesanincreasingthreattospaceactivities.Thisisagrowingenvironmentalproblem,Jonson,thechiefscientistandprogrammanagerfororbitaldebrisatNASA（美国航空航天局）inHouston,Texas.Johnsonandhisteamhavedevelopedacomputermodelcapableofsimulatingpastandfutureamountsofspacejunk.Themodelp

24、redictsthatevenwithoutfuturerocketorsatellitelaunches,theamountofdebrisinloworbitaroundEarthwillremainsteadythrough2055,afterwhichitwillincrease.Whilecurrenteffortshavefocusedolimitingfuturespacejunk,thesescientistssayremovinglargepiecesofoldspacejunkwillsoonbenecessary.Sincethefirstlaunchofsatellit

25、ein1957,humanshavebeengeneratingspacejunk.TheU.S.SpaceSurveillanceNetworkiscurrentlytrackingover13,000human-madeobjectslargerthantencentimetersindiameterorbitingtheEarth.Ofthe13000objects,over40percentcamefrombreakupsofbothspacecraftandrocketbodies,Johnsonsand.Inaddition,therearehundredsofthousandso

26、fsmallerobjectsinspace.Theseincludeeverythingfrompiecesofplastictobitsofpaint.Muchofthissmallerjunkhascomefromexplodingrocketstages.Stagesaresectionsofarocketthathavetheirownfuelorengines.Theseobjectstravelatspeedsover35,000kilometersanhour.Atsuchhighspeed,evensmalljunkcantearholesinaspacecraftordis

27、ableasatellitebycausingelectricalshortsthatresultfromcloudsofsuperheatedgas.Johnsonbelievesitmaybetimetothinkabouthowtoremovejunkfromspace.PreviousproposalsrangefromsendingupspacecraftstograbjunkandbringitdowntousinglaserstoslowanobjectsorbittocauseittofallbacktoEarthmorequickly.Givencurrenttechnolo

28、gy,thoseproposalsappearneithertechnicallynoreconomicallypractical,“Spacejunkislikeanyenvironmentalproblem.its.JohItsgrowing.Ifyoudontdealwithitnow,itwillonlybecomeworse,andthesolutionsinthefuturearegoingtobeevenmorecostly.”56. Whatisthispassagemainlytalkingabout?A. Advancedtechnologyisusedtoremovesp

29、acesjunkB. NASAisresponsiblefortheenvironmentalproblem.C. CleaningupthespacejunkisgreatlyneededD. Humanactivitiesgeneratemuchorbitaldebris57. Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassage?A. RocketlaunchesproducemoredebristhansatellitelaunchesB. SpacejunkisendangeringhumanbeingsspaceactivitiesC. Its

30、necessarytocleanupthelargepiecesofoldspacejunkD. Evenatinypieceofspacejunkcandestroyaspacecraft58. WhatdoesJohnthinkofthepreviousproposalstograbspacejunkandbringitdowntotheearth?A.ReasonableB.UnbelievableC.ReliableD.Impractical(B)ABCNews:ParentswhowanttopickuptheirkidsatschoolinoneNewJerseydistrictn

31、owcansubmittoiris(虹膜)scans,asthetechnologythathelpskeepournationsairportsandhotelssafebeginstomakeitswayfurtherintoAmericanlives.Whenpickingupachild,theadultprovidesadriverlicenseandthensubmitstoaneyescan.Iftheirisimagecamerarecognizeshisorhereyes,thedoorclicksopen.TheFreeholdBoroughSchoolDistrictla

32、unchedthisshigh-techsecuritysystemonMondaywithfundingfromtheDepartmentofJusticeaspartofastudyonthesystemseffectivenAsmanyasfouradultscanbeauthorizedtopickupeachchildinthedistrict,butinordertobeauthorizedtocomeintoschool,theywillbeaskedtoregisterwiththedistrictirissrecognitionsecurityandvisitormanage

33、mentsystem.Atthispoint,theNewJerseyprogramisnotamust.Ifsomeonetriestoslipinbehindanauthorizedperson,thesystemcausesanalarmandredflashinglightsinthefrontoffice.Theentireprocesstakesjustseconds.ThiskindoftechnologyisalreadyatworkinairportsaroundthecountrylikeOrlandoInternationalAirport,wheretheprogram

34、hasbeeninoperationsinceJuly.Ithas12,000subscriberswhopay$79.95fortheconvenienceofsubmittingtoirisscansratherthangoingthroughlengthysecuritychecks.Anirisscanissaidtobemoreaccuratethanafingerprintbecauseitrecords240uniquedetailsfarmorethantheseventotwenty-fourdetailsthatareanalyzedinfingerprints.Thech

35、ancesofbeingmisidentifiedbyanirisscanareaboutonein1.2millionandjustonein1.44trillionifyouscanbotheyes.PhilMeara,theFreeholdDistrictofficial,saidthatalthoughitwasexpensive,theprogramwouldhelpschoolsacrossthecountrymoveintoanewfrontierinchildprotection.Thisisallpartofalargeremphasis,hereinNewJersey,on

36、schoolsafety,hesaid.Wechosethisschoolbecausewewerelookingforatypicalslightlyurbanschooltolaunchthesystem.”Mearaappliedfora$369,000grantonbehalfoftheschooldistrictandhadtheeyescannersinstalledintwogrammarschoolsandonemiddleschool.Sofar,300ofthenearly1,500individualsavailabletopickupastudentfromschool

37、haveregisteredfortheeyescansystem.59. WhydoestheFreeholdBoroughSchoolDistrictadopttheeyescansecuritysystem?A. Toensuretheschoolsafetyandefficiencyofpickingupchildren.B. ToencouragemorestudentstoregisterinNewJerseyurbanschools.C. Totesttheeffectivenessofschoolsecurityandmanagementsystem.D. Tocollectt

38、heinformationofthechildrenandtheirbelovedparents.60. Whatstheadvantageoftheeyescansystemoverfingerprints?A. Havingmanymoresubscribersthroughoutthecountry.B. Authorizingtheadultstopickupchildrenmoreflexibly.C. Attractingparentsinalargerproportiontoregisterforit.D. Makingalmostnomistakesinidentifyingt

39、heauthorized.61.HowdoesPhilMearahelptoprotectthesafetyofchildren?A. Byaskingpeopletoregisterwiththesecuritysystem.B. Byapplyingforgranttoinstalleyescannersinschools.C. Byaskingthedepartmentofjusticetofundthisprogram.D. ByturningtoOrlandoInternationalAirportforhelp.62.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?

40、A.ParentsFavortheEyeScanSystemB.SecurityManagementNeedsImproving.C.HighTechnologyComestoSchoolD.IrisScannersareInventedintheCountry.(C)DustyNash,anangelic-lookingblondchildofseven,awokeat5onerecentmorninginhisChicagohomeandbegantothrowafit.Hecriedandkicked.Everymuscleinhis50-1b.bodyflewinviolentmoti

41、on.Finally,afterabout30minutes,DustyPulledhimselftogethersufficientlytoheaddownstairsforbreakfast.Whilehismotherwasbusyinthekitchen,theextremelyexcitedchildpulledaboxofKixcerealfromthecupboardandsatonachair.Butsittingstillwasnoteasythismorning.Aftergrabbingsomecerealwithhishands,hebegankickingthebox

42、,scatteringlittleroundcompuffsacrosstheroomNextheturnedhisattentiontotheTVset,orrather,thetablesupportingit.Thetablewascoveredwithacheck-boardCon-Tactpaper,andDustybeganpeelingitoff.Thenhebecameinterestedinthespilledcerealandstartedsmashingitintobits.Itwasonly7:30,andhismotherKyleNash,whoteachesamed

43、ical-schoolcourseondeathanddying,wasalreadyfeelinghalfdeadfromexhaustion.Dustywastoseehisdoctorsthatdayat4,andtheyhadaskedhernottogivetheboythedrugheusuallytakestocontrolhisextremeexcitementandattentionproblems,aconditionknownasattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD).Itwasgoingtobeaverylongdaywi

44、thouthelpfromRitain,apowerfuldrugwhichsomepeopletakeforpleasure,butwhichtheycanbecomeaddictedto.KarenneBloomgardenrememberssuchdaysalltoowellThespirited,43-year-oldbossandgymteacherwasadisasterasachildgrowingupinNewJersey.Ididverypoorlyinschoolsherecalls.Herteachersandparentswereconstantlyonhercasef

45、ortoughbehavior.TheyjustfeltIwasbeingbad-tooloud,toophysical,tooeverythingAnaughtytomboywithfewfriends,shesawapsychologistatage10.butnobodycameupwithadiagnosis.Asateenagershebeganprescribingherownmedication:marijuana,andlatercocaine.TheathleticBloomgardenmanagedtogetintocollege,butsheadmitsthatshech

46、eatedherwaytoadiplomaIwouldstudyandstudy,andIwouldntrememberathing.Ireallyfeltitwasmyfault.graduating,shedidfineinphysicallyactivejobsbutwasanxiousaboutadministrativework.Then,fouryeasago,adoctorputalabelonhertroubles:ADHD.ItsbeensuchaweighoffmyshoulderssaysBloomgarden,whotakesbothstimulantRitalinan

47、dtheantidepressantZolofttoimproveherconcentration.“Ihad38yearsofthinkingIwasabadperson.NowImrewritingthetapesofwhoIthoughtIwastowhoIreallyam.”63. Whatdoesthephrasethrowafitinthe1stparagraphprobablymean?A.turnoneselfaroundcasuallyB.falldowntothegroundcarelesslyC.loseonestempersuddenlyD.shoutandcompla

48、inloudly64. WhydidDustyNashmesstheroom?A. HewasreluctanttolistentohismotherB. HecouldntfocusonanythingforawhileC. HeforgottotakethemedicineheusuallytookD. Hewasafraidtoseethedoctorwithhismother.65. ThepassageischieflyconcernedwithA. thevisiblesymptomsofthediseaseADHDB. theprecisedefinitionofthedisea

49、seADHDC. DustysexperiencesinhischildhoodandcollegeD. Karennesconfessingofcheatingtogetadiploma66. Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A. Dustywenttoseehisprivatedoctoreveryweekinthepastyears.B. DustysmothertookcareofhimtillhewasadmittedtoacollegeC. ApsychologistexaminedKarenneandcuredherseriousdisease.D

50、. KarennedidntknowherselfwelluntilshewasdiagnosedwithADHDSectionCA. Someexpertsthinkthatthewealthgainedfromtradeallowedforsuchleisureinsportsandthearts.B. Expertsbelievethatakingandmostlyafemalepriestruledthegovernmentandcontrolledtrade.C. InancientGreekmyths,Minoansocietywasquiteprosperousandhighly

51、civilized.D. ThepalacethatEvansunearthedacenturyagowasthefirstproofofMinoanculture.E. MinoanculturedidntexistbeforeuntilArthurEvansdiscoveredthepalaceundertheearth.F. Althoughnotyetdecoded,writtenscriptonclaytabletsappearstolisttradeaccounts.TheMinoans:AForgottenPeopleThefirstadvancedcultureinancien

52、tGreecewastheMinoanculture.Forthousandsofyears,knowledgeofthesepeoplesurvivedonlyinGreekmyths.Inthelate19thcentury,archaeologistsbegantounearthruins.ThisinspiredArthurEvanstobegindiggingontheislandofCretenearmainlandGreece.OnadiginKbossos,Evansfoundanancientpalace.ExpertsthinkthatitwasthepalaceofKin

53、gMinos,acentralfigureinmanyGreekmyths.67Withhisteam,heuncoveredavaststructure,variedworksofart,andmanyhieroglyphicrecords,Thesefinds,togetherwithlaterfinds,compriseallthatexpertsknowaboutMinoanculture.Fromtheevidenceexpertsgathered,itisclearthattheMinoanswereaheadoftheirtime.ThepalaceatKnossoswasfiv

54、efloorshighwithhundredsofrooms.Buildingsthroughouttheancientcityhadplumbingandflushtoilets.Stonepavementlinedthesurfacesoftheroads.Inaddition,theMinoanspossessedahighlydevelopednavalfleetforlong-distancetrade.68Theserecordsconfirmthecentralroleofcommerceinculture.Expertanalysisoftheevidencealsooffer

55、sinsightintosomeaspectsofMinoansociety.69Ruinsandartworksuggestthatpeopleofallclassesenjoyedahighdegreeofsocialandgenderequality.ReligiousiconsshowthatMinoansworshipedbulls,thenaturalworld,andmanyfemalegods.AnunusualfeatureofMinoansculturewasthepursuitofleisureinterests.Sportandvisualartswerecentral

56、toMinoanlife.Boxingandbulljumping,asportinwhichplayersjumpedoverlivebulls,werepopular.Althoughbulljumpingmayhaveservedsomeritualpurpose,expertsbelievethatitwasdonemostlyforfun.Similarly,althoughsomeworksofartshowedpoliticalandreligiousthemes,otherworksservedonlyaspleasantdcor(装).70TheMinoansmettheir

57、demiseafteraseriesofnaturaldisasters.ExpertsbelievethatgroupfromtheGreekmainlandcapitalizedontheseeventsandlookedovertheisland.IV. SummaryWritingTheConflictoftheOrdersThetypesofpeoplewhoservedasofficialsintheRomangovernmentchangedovertime.Thesechangesstemmedfromtheattemptsofcommonpeopletomorerights.

58、ThestrugglesbecameknownastheConflictoftheOrders.Intheearlyrepublic,Romansweredividedintotwoclassesofpeople:patriciansandplebeians.Patricianswerepowerfullandownerswhocontrolledthegovernment.Asnobles,theyinheritedtheirpower.Plebeians,whomadeupmostofthepopulation,weremainlyfarmersandworkers.Formanyyears,plebeianshadfewrights.Theycouldvote,bu