初中英语语法之时态

1、时时 态态女性版女性版表表 明明 谓谓 语语 动动 词词 动动 作作 发发 生生 时时 间间 的的 动动 词词 形形 式式中考常考时态中考常考时态一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 现在完成时现在完成时中考链接中考链接：2014 安徽安徽Mr. Wang has left for Guangzhou.He a speech there in two days.A.gives B.gave D.has givenC.will give 态态时时一般一般进行进行完成完成完成进行完成进行现在work/ worksis / are workinghas/have worked过去workedw

2、as/were workinghad worked一般将来shall/ will work过去将来should/ would work初中阶段的八种时态，以初中阶段的八种时态，以work为例为例一一. . 一般现在时一般现在时用法用法：经常性的和习惯性的动作经常性的和习惯性的动作常用时间状语常用时间状语 ： always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,everyday,every week/ month/ year, once a week,now and then,from time to time,at times等动词构成动词构成 ：动词原型动

3、词原型. /. /三单三单否定构成否定构成 ： dont+dont+动原动原 /doesnt+ /doesnt+动原动原一般疑问构成及简答一般疑问构成及简答：Do/does+Do/does+主语主语+ +动原动原+ +其它？其它？Be+Be+主语主语+ +动原动原+ +其它？其它？特殊疑问举例特殊疑问举例 ：What do you often do on Sundays?What do you often do on Sundays? Where does he live? Where does he live? 注意注意： 1.客观事实或真理客观事实或真理 The earth moves a

4、round the sun. 2.表示运动的不及物动词常用一般现在时表示安排或表示运动的不及物动词常用一般现在时表示安排或计划好了的将来动作计划好了的将来动作 The movie starts in ten minutes. come,go,leave,arrive,fly,return,be,start,begin,open,close, end,stop等 3.以以here或或there开头的倒装句中用一般现在时表示开头的倒装句中用一般现在时表示正在进行的动作正在进行的动作 Here comes the bus. 4.时间状语或条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时代替时间状语或条件状语从句中通常

5、用一般现在时代替一般将来时一般将来时 I will give the letter to him as soon as I see him.二.一般过去时用法：用法：过去时间发生的过去时间发生的, ,过去经常性的动作过去经常性的动作, ,连续动作连续动作常用时间状语：常用时间状语：yesterday,last night,two days ago, yesterday,last night,two days ago, in 2000,at that time,before liberationin 2000,at that time,before liberation，when when 等引

6、导的含过去时的句子。等引导的含过去时的句子。动词构成动词构成：动词过去时（：动词过去时（-ed-ed） 、was/were was/were 否定构成：否定构成：didnt+didnt+动原动原 一般疑问构成及简答：一般疑问构成及简答：Did+Did+主语主语+ +动原动原+ +其它？其它？ 特殊疑问句举例特殊疑问句举例：What did he do yesterday? What did he do yesterday? When did he get up this morning? When did he get up this morning? 动词动词-ed形式的构成：形式的构成：在

7、动词后加-ed以字母e 结尾的动词，只+d“ 辅音字母+y ” ，变y 为i, 再+ed重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的，双写+edwantanswermovediecarrycrystopplanmoveddiedcarriedcriedstoppedplannedwantedansweredgetgoeataredocutsaygot gottenwent goneate eatencut cutwere beendid donesaid saidtakeswimdrinkhavecomeputseetook takenswam swumdrank drunkput puthad hadca

8、me comesaw seen 注意：注意： 表示过去的时间内连续发生的几个动作，常在最表示过去的时间内连续发生的几个动作，常在最后一个词前加后一个词前加 and and He stood up,turned off the TV and went out.He stood up,turned off the TV and went out.中考链接中考链接：2008 安徽安徽The dress smooth and soft.A.felt C.is felt D.is feelingB.feels三.一般将来时用法：用法：将来会出现或发生的动作将来会出现或发生的动作常用时间状语：常用时间状语

9、：this evening,tomorrow,next month,this evening,tomorrow,next month,in a few minutes,at the end of this termin a few minutes,at the end of this term构成构成: : 1.will/shall+do 1.will/shall+do 2.be going to+do 2.be going to+do 3.be (about)+to do 3.be (about)+to do 即将发生即将发生 4.be +coming 4.be +coming等现在分词等现

10、在分词 进行时态表将来进行时态表将来否定构成：否定构成：will/shall not am/is/are notwill/shall not am/is/are not特殊疑问句举例特殊疑问句举例: :What will you do tomorrow?What will you do tomorrow?When are we going to have a class meeting?When are we going to have a class meeting? 注意：注意：1.1.be going to do be going to do 和和shall /will shall /w

11、ill be going to do:be going to do:打算，计划安排，有迹象表明要打算，计划安排，有迹象表明要发生的事情发生的事情 Look at the clouds.Its going to rain. Look at the clouds.Its going to rain.shall /willshall /will：预见或意图，临时决定和打算：预见或意图，临时决定和打算2.2.在在ifif条件或条件或as soon asas soon as等时间状语从句中用一般等时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。现在时代替一般将来时。3.3.be to do be to do

12、按计划注定要发生或者表命令，禁止，按计划注定要发生或者表命令，禁止，可能性等可能性等 The president is to visit the company.The president is to visit the company.be about to be about to 表示即将发生的动作表示即将发生的动作四.现在进行时用法：用法：说话时正在进行的动作或当前一段时间正在进行的说话时正在进行的动作或当前一段时间正在进行的动作动作常用时间状语常用时间状语 ：now,these daysnow,these days动词构成动词构成 ： am/is/are+am/is/are+现在分词现

13、在分词(-ing)(-ing) am/is/are working am/is/are working否定构成否定构成 ： am/is/are+not+am/is/are+not+现在分词现在分词一般疑问构成及简答：一般疑问构成及简答：Am/Is/Are+Am/Is/Are+主语主语+ +现在分词现在分词+ + 其它？其它？Yes,I am(he is.) No,they arentYes,I am(he is.) No,they arent特殊疑问举例：特殊疑问举例： What are you doing now?What are you doing now?Who is flying a

14、kite there?Who is flying a kite there? 注意：注意： go,come,leave.arrive,return,diego,come,leave.arrive,return,die等的进等的进 行行时有时表示即将发生的动作。时有时表示即将发生的动作。 Hurry up,they are waiting for you. Im . A.come C.comes D.is comingB. coming一般在动词原形后+ing以不发音的e结尾的，去e，+ing重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的，双写这一字母+ing动词动词-ing形式的构成：形式的构成：writin

15、gtakinggettingrunningswimminggoinggoaskwritetakegetrunswimasking五.过去进行时用法：用法：过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生的动作过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生的动作常用时间状语：常用时间状语：at this time yesterday,at that time,at this time yesterday,at that time,at ten oclock yesterdayat ten oclock yesterday或或whenwhen引导的从句引导的从句动词构成：动词构成： was/were+ was/were+现

16、在分词现在分词(-ing) (-ing) 否定构成：否定构成： was/were not+ was/were not+现在分词现在分词一般疑问构成及简答举例一般疑问构成及简答举例: :Was/Were+Was/Were+主语主语+ +现在分词现在分词+ +其它？其它？Yes,I was. No,IwasntYes,I was. No,Iwasnt特殊疑问句举例：特殊疑问句举例： What were you dong this time yesterday? What were you dong this time yesterday? Where was he standing when th

17、e teacher came in? Where was he standing when the teacher came in? 六.现在完成时用法用法: : 1 1、已经做完的事情，发生在过去的动作且对现在、已经做完的事情，发生在过去的动作且对现在仍有影响的动作，强调对现在的影响仍有影响的动作，强调对现在的影响. .2 2、从过去一直延续到现在的动作、从过去一直延续到现在的动作常用时间状语常用时间状语already,just,never,before,recently,in already,just,never,before,recently,in the past few years,

18、ever,so far,since+ the past few years,ever,so far,since+过去的点时过去的点时 间间,for+,for+段时间段时间动词构成：动词构成：have/has+have/has+过去分词过去分词(-ed) (-ed) 否定构成否定构成：have/has not+have/has not+过去分词过去分词一般疑问构成一般疑问构成： Have/Has+ Have/Has+主语主语+ +过去分词过去分词?特殊疑问句举例：特殊疑问句举例：What have you done recently?What have you done recently? Ho

19、w long has he lived in Beijing? How long has he lived in Beijing?注意：注意：1.1.暂时性动词暂时性动词在肯定句中不能与在肯定句中不能与for, since,How for, since,How longlong等表示段时间等表示段时间 的状语连用，但可以与否定式连用。的状语连用，但可以与否定式连用。He has gone.He has gone.He hasnt returned home for 3 years.He hasnt returned home for 3 years.2.2.表示表示“第几次到某地第几次到某地”

20、This is the second time+This is the second time+现在完成时现在完成时This is the first time I have come to America.This is the first time I have come to America.3.3.先行词是先行词是形容词或最高级或者被最高级修饰时形容词或最高级或者被最高级修饰时，定于从句，定于从句常用完成时态常用完成时态This is the best film I have ever seen.This is the best film I have ever seen.4.have

21、 gone to 4.have gone to 到某地去了与到某地去了与have been to have been to 去过某地去过某地中考链接中考链接：2010 安徽安徽Have ever been to Shanghai,Mary?Yes, I there for three days with my parents last month.A.have gone B.have been C.went 现在完成时和一般过去式的比较：现在完成时和一般过去式的比较：1.与现在的关系与现在的关系2.时间状语时间状语D.was七.过去完成时用法：用法：1 1、过去某时间或动作之前完成的动作或状态

22、、过去某时间或动作之前完成的动作或状态( (过过去的过去去的过去) )。2 2、过去某一时间的动作延续到过去另一、过去某一时间的动作延续到过去另一时间时间常用时间状语常用时间状语： by that time,by the end of , by that time,by the end of , when/before+ when/before+ 从句，从句，said/knew/askedsaid/knew/asked的宾从中的宾从中动词构成动词构成: :had+had+过去分词过去分词(-ed)(-ed)否定构成否定构成: :had not+had not+过去分词过去分词一般疑问构成一般疑问构成：Had+Had+主语主语+ +过去分词过去分词+ +其它？其它？Yes,I had. No,I hadnt.Yes,I had. No,I hadnt.特殊疑问句举例：特殊疑问句举例： How many English words How many English words had you learned by the end of last term?