高考英语必考点专题——特殊句式(精讲深剖)(含解析)

1、专题15特殊句式一一精讲深剖1. （ 2019 天津高考） The professor warned tie students that on no account use mobile phones in his class.A. should theyB. they shouldC. dare theyD. they dare【答案】A【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。on no account决不，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，应该做 should do,敢于做dare do ,根据句意表示“应该“， 故选Ao2. （2018 d匕京高考

2、） In any unsafe situation , simply the button and a highly-trained agentwill get you the help you need.A. pressB. to pressC. pressingD. pressed【答案】A【解析】考查祈使句。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按下按钮，一个训练有素的代理人就会给你需 要的帮助。根据句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，所以用动词原形。3. （2018 天津高考） It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we s

3、aw Lilyin the passenger seat.A. whichB. thatC. whenD. where【答案】选Bo【解析】考查强调句式。去掉题干的It was和空处后，这个句子语法结构依然完整，表示“只有当汽车停在我家房前的时候，我们才看到乘客座位上的莉莉”，因此这是一个强调句式，被强调的是“ only +状语 从句”，因此选 Bo【方法点拨】 当题干中出现“it is/was .that .”句式时，考生应首先判断这个句子是不是强调句。判断的方法就是去掉强调句的外壳it is/was 和that ,如果去掉之后整个句子语法结构是完整的，那么 .这就是一个强调句式，否则就不是

4、。二.单句语法填空1. （2018 全国卷 n 改编 ）Diets have changed in Chinaand so too its top crop .【答案】has【解析】该句是一个倒装句。当前面的句子是肯定句时，用“so +助动词+主语”表示“某人也”。 助动词的选用根据前面句子的谓语动词来判断。三.单句改错1. （2019 全国 II 卷）They were two reasons for the decision. 【答案】they改为there【解析】考查there be句型。句意：有两个原因可以解释这个决定。句中的 they在前边句中找不到 指代关系，且后边句子中的one与

5、the other 是对这两个原因的解释。故将 they改为there 。特殊句式比较杂乱，掌握起来有一定的难度。其中倒装句是高考的热点，强调句是高考的难点。同时，祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用也是高考考查的重点项目。近三年的高考题更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象， 如在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句，把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、 地点状语从句的考查等融合在一起，考查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。完全倒装1.常常指时间，地点的副词及方位的副词和介词短语here, there, up, down, in,away, off, out, now, then位于句首。At the foot

6、of the hill lies a beautiful lake./ Away flew the bird.注思： a.代词作主语时，主谓小倒装Here he comes.b.此结构不用于进行时态。2.表语提前：形容词/过去分词/现在分词/介词短语Included among the presents is an ipad that his father gave him.Sitting on the rock is a girl who wants to commit suicide.部分倒装一般包括：a. 某些否定词位于句首时，如：rarely, scarcely, nowhere, n

7、o morehardly/scarcely/barely when; no sooner than; not only but also ； so/ nor/ neither ;not until b. only + 副词、介词短语、状语从句位于句首作状语时c.在 so/such - that 结构中 so+adj/adv/such+n等位于句首时So fashionable are the clothes she was wearing that she became the focusof attention.Such fashionable clothes was she wearing

8、 that she became the另：Such are the facts: no one can deny.d.省略if的虚拟条件状语从句，had, were, should 提前注：not /to 在原位。e.用丁 as(though)引导的让步状语从句Search as they would/Much as he likes the bike/ Exhausted as she wasf.用于某些表示祝愿的句子Long live Chairman Mao! May you succeed!Wish you success/successful!1.2强调It is/was +被强调

9、部分+that/who+其它句子成分此句型的常见考点有：a.还引用 It might be/ must have been/ can it bethat 等句式。It might have been John that bought a new book for Mary .b.It was not until- that 昨天直到半夜我才上床睡觉。It was not until midnight that I went to bed.Not until midnight did I go to bed.c.含有特殊疑问词的强调句词序When and where was it that yo

10、u were born?I ' ve already forgotten where it was that you put the dictionary.d.强调句中的主谓一致问题It is not help but obstacles that make a man.It is the sales manager, rather than/instead of/not/other than the salesgirls, that is to blame.e.与其他从句的比较 It was in the small house which/ that was built with

11、stones by his father that he spent his childhood.(which/that) It was playing computer games that cost the boy plenty oftime (which/that) he ought to have spent doing his lessons.(which/that)f.强调句的省略- -He was nearly drowned once. -When was it?- -It was in 1998 when he was in middle school.- -Who is m

12、aking so much noise in the garden?- It is the children.2 .do/does/did +动词原形Do come early. He does/did know Beijing well.省略1. 状语从句中省略主语的情况：a.从属连词+动词：不定式、现在分词、过去分词，如：3 He opened his mouth as if to say something.He looked around as if looking for something.He let out a scream as if bitten by the snake.

13、b.从属连词+非动词：名词、形容词、副词、介词短语，如：Unless necessary, you ' d better not refer to the dictionary.注意：before/after/since 不属此列2 .不定式的省略：He did not give me the chance, though he had promised如果不定式中含有 be, have, have been 通常保留-Are you an engineer? -No, but I want to be.- He hasn' t finished the task yet.-W

14、ell, he ought to have.3 .省略了一个从句或从句的一部分，用 so或not (切不可用it或that )代替。 Is he coming back tonight?- I thinkso.(2)- Is he feeling better today? I ' m afraid not.一.倒装句的考查要点1 .全部倒装 在 There be/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。Look, there ' s that bookshop I was telling you about.(2)表示

15、时间、地点和动作转移的副词如here , there , now, then , up, down, in , away, out等置于句首，主语是名词而不是代词时，用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。There goes the phone.I ' ll answer it.(3)such作表语置于句首时。Such was Albert Einstein , a simple man but the 20th century ' s greatest scientist.(4)直接引语的全部或部分位于句首时。“If you die , who will get

16、your money ?” asked Holmes.(5)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。In the center of the square stands a monument.(6)为平衡句子结构，或使上下文衔接紧密，而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首， 引起倒装。Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.2 .部分倒装在下列几种情况下，只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。(1)little , never , not , seldom, neithe

17、r , nor, hardly , rarely , by no means, at no time , under no circumstances , in no case 等表示否定意义的单词或短语位于句首时。Little does he care about what others think.(2)在 notuntil,no soonerthan,scarcely/hardlywhen,not onlybut also. ,neither.nor等句式中。Neither does he drink nor smoke.(3)当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。Only

18、then did I find I had made a mistake.(4)在so/such.that. 从句中，当so +形容词/副词或such 十名词位于句首时。So exhausted was she that she wanted to have a rest.(5)当表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“ so/as + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主 语”，表示“也是”。Times have changed and so have I.(6)当neither , nor位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用" neither/nor+

19、be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”，表示"也不”。They couldn ' t understand it at that time , and nor could we.省略if的虚拟条件句，把助动词were , had, should提到主语前面。Had it not been for your help , we shouldn ' t have achieved so much.(8)as和though引导的让步状语从句。Try as she might , Sue couldn' t get the door open.(9) “ma什动词原形”表

20、示祝愿，通常把may置于句首，构成倒装语序。May you succeed !【考题印证】(高考天津卷改编 )Only when Lily walked into the office she realize that she hadleft the contract at home.【解析】：句意：只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候，她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。本题考查only位于句首，引导的时间状语从句，主句要主谓倒装。根据时态和句意可知填did。【答案】：did二.强调句的考查要点1 .使用助动词do, does和did对谓语动词进行强调。First impressions really do

21、count.2 .运用强调句型来强调除谓语动词以外的其他句子成分。强调句型的基本句型结构为：It is/was +被强调部分+ that/who +其他成分。可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语、表语、同位语等成分。在复习强调句型时，要注意以下几个方面：(1)强调句型中的主谓一致在强调句型中，当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时，无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，主句中的谓语 动词都要用单数形式It is/was. ,同时，that从句中的谓语动词要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持 一致。It is my parents that/who often help me get out of trouble.(

22、2)当对地点状语、时间状语或其他状语从句进行强调时，只能用连接词that ,而不能用where, when,why 或 how 等。It was on August 8,2008 that the 29th Summer Olympic Games were opened in Beijing.(3)强调句型的疑问句在强调句中，无论被强调部分是什么句子成分，变为一般疑问句时，都须将主句改为疑问语序，即将“It is/was +被强调部分+ that +其他成分"改为"Is/ Was it +被强调部分+ that +其他成分？”或 "疑问词+ is/was it

23、that +其他成分？”结构。Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy?When was it that she changed her mind ?(4)在又not.until结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的not移至until 之前，构成：It is/was not untilthat.。注意that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。I didn ' t realize she was a famous film star until she took off

24、 her dark glasses.= It was notuntil she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.三.省略句的考查要点1 .状语从句中的省略由 when, while , if , as if , although/though , as, until , once, whether , unless , where 等弓I导 的状语从句中，如果其谓语动词为be,而主语与主句的主语相同时，则从句的主语和be可省略；或从句的主语为it ,谓语动词为be时，也可省略从句中的it和

25、be。When (I am) in trouble , I always turn to my classmates for help.If (it is) possible , this machine can be fixed at once.【考题印证】(高考湖南卷改编 )Video games can be a poor influence if (leave)in the wrong hands.【答案】：leftleave与其逻辑主语【解析】：句意：如果电子游戏落入一个错误的人手中就能够产生一个不良影响。是状语从句的省略形式。video games之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。if

26、 left2 .不定式的省略单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid ,expect ,forget , hope, intend ,like , love , mean, prefer , refuse , try , want, wish等词后；或放在表情绪的词后，代替被省略的动词， 常见词有：glad , happy, pleased等；但是，如果不定式中含有be, have, have been,则要保留be, have,have been 。Will you please look after my house when I ' m away)

27、一I ' m glad to.Are you a sailor ?No.But I used to be.Your work hasn' t been handed in , but it ought to have been.3 .常考的几个省略形式if ever , if any , if not better/worse/taller.than等。【考题印证】 The engineer cannot spare any time this afternoon. If , can we fix the computer by ourselves?【答案】：so【解析】：句意

28、：一一今天下午工程师抽不出任何时间。一一如果是这样的话，我们能自己修理这台 电脑吗？ if so如果是这样的话。4 .并列句中的省略并列句中的两个对等句里的动词相同时，后者的动词可以省略。He is going to Hong Kong , but his brother (is going) to America.My room is on the third floor and his, on the fifth.注意事项1 .如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。He asked me who it was that took his u

29、mbrella by mistake.2 .强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式。在强调句型结构中，其反意疑问句白主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was.保持一致。It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about that matter, isn ' t it ?3 .强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清结构“强调句型与定语从句”。It was on the farm where we worked that I got to

30、know her.4 .强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉“ it is/was ”和连词“that ”，原句仍然完整；而在时间状语从 句中，若去掉"it is/was "和连词"when/before ",原句不完整。It was at 14： 28 that the terrible earthquake broke out.（强调句型）It was 14： 28 when the terrible earthquake broke out.（状语从句）【考题印证】realized what a good feeling

31、it was1 . （2015 湖南）It was when we were returning home to have helped someone in trouble.【答案】that【解析】句意：当我们回家的时候，我意识到帮助了有困难的人感觉有多好。when we were returning home是一个when引导的时间状语从句，去掉"It was"和空处，句子成立，说明该句是个强调句型。2 .（高考重庆卷改编）Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th centuryhis musical

32、gift was fully recognized.【答案】:that【解析】：句意：巴赫于1750年去世，但是直到19世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被完全承认。it is/wasthat.是强调句型，本题被强调部分是时间状语not until the early 19th century。四、祈使句的重要考点祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语 you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。在表达请求或劝告 时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please ,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情

33、态动词连用。Keep off the grass!勿踩踏草地！Put the boxes in the small room.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。【考题印证】（2018 d匕京卷单项填空 ）In any unsafe situation, simply the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.A. pressB. to pressC. pressingD. pressed【解析】考查祈使句。句意: 在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。and

34、 是连词，连接并列结构，and 后面是一个句子，那么，前面也应是句子，选项中只有动词原形可以构成祈使句，其余的都是非谓语动词，无法构成句子。故A选项正确。 祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Don' t或Never, 一般分为以下四种类型：1 . 在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don t ，构成Don t+ 行为动词原形+其他成分。Don t say that again! 别再那样说了！2 .在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don' t ,构成"Don' t be+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等 ) 。Don t be careless. 不要

35、粗心。注意：在这种句型中be 不能省略；否定副词not 不可置于be 之后。3 . Let 引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：(1)Let 开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在Let前加Don' t,也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加 not。(2)如果以Let' s开头的祈使句，必须在Lets 后加 not。Don t let me go with her tomorrow.=Let me not go with her tomorrow.不要让我明天跟她一起去。Let s not tell her the truth whenever we meet

36、her.无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。4 .在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用"No珀词/V-ing形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事"。NO PHOTOS!禁止拍照！ 祈使句的反意问句祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式：你一定要给我们写信，好吗？1. 祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用 will you； 表示邀请、劝说时， 用won t you。Be sure to write to us, will you?Come to have dinner with us this evening, won2

37、. 祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用Don t smoke in the meeting room, will you?3. Let 开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除 t you? 今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？will you 。不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？Let s 用 shall we 外，其他均用will you 。15让个那男孩先走，好吗？Let the boy go first, will you?晚饭后我们去散步，好吗?Let' s take a walk after supper, shall we?【考题印证】Li Ming, don' t forget to

38、 turn off the lights before you leave the office , you?【解析】：句意：李明，离开办公室前别忘了关灯，好吗？设空前为表示否定的祈使句，暗含主语you,故设空处应填will 。【答案】：will、祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用 will或won' t。在回答具有否 定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是“形式一致"，即Yes与will保持一致；No与won' t保持一致。二是" 意思相反"，即Yes是"不"的意思；No是"是&q

39、uot;的意思。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。一 Don' t go out, please. It ' s raining heavi ly outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。 Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。祈使句与陈述句的并列使用祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连接；如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。Leave it with me and I w

40、ill see what I can do.把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。Hurry up, or we ' ll be late. 快点，否则我们要迟到了。【考题印证】(高考天津卷改编)Give me a chance , I ' ll give you a wonderful surprise.【答案】：and【解析】：句意：给我一个机会，我就会给你一个大惊喜。本题考查“祈使句+and +简单句”。由空格前的“给我一个机会”和空格后的“我就会给你一个大惊喜”可知空格前后两部分是顺接关系，需用and连接。祈使句与条件状语从句的连用祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置

41、于祈使句前或后。Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow.如果他明天来这儿的话， 叫他给我来个电话。【考题印证】1 . Every day(read) a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.【答案】:read【解析】：句意：每天都要大声朗读几遍谚语，直到你能背诵为止。考查祈使句。连词until引导时间状语从句，前面为主句，主句是一个祈使句，故填动词原形。此处不要被时间状语“ Every day”所迷惑。2 .（2015 湖南）Alway

42、s （keep）in mind that your main task is to get this company runningsmoothly.【答案】keep【解析】句意：时刻谨记你的主要任务是让这家公司顺利运营。这是一个祈使句，应用动词原形。（六）祈使句的强调形式祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do（Do在句中无意义）。Do shut up!快住口！（七）特殊形式的祈使句在英语中，有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句，而是以一个名词短语来充当，且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上，这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。More water and the

43、 young trees couldn ' t have died. =If you had given them more water, theyoung trees couldn ' t have died.如果你给那些小树多浇点水的话，它们就不会死了。一.单句语法填空1. . （2019 山东省德州市武城二中高三月考）Not until he retired from teaching two years ago he consider having a holiday abroad.【答案】did【解析】句意：直到他两年前从教育战线上退休，他才考虑去国外度假。not u

44、ntil 结构位于句首时，主句使用部分倒装语序，同时后面是实义动词，根据 two years ago 判断句子用一般过去时，答案为 did。2. （2019 河南周口 中英文学校高三月考） I wish my work could be settled within a day!【答案】How【解析】句意：我多么希望我的工作可以一天里解决！根据语境可知，本题是一个感叹句，how修饰整个句子，因此填 Howfc3. （2019 河北省衡水中学高三上学期二调考试）She opened it and let out a deep breath . Insideit（be） two sharp kni

45、ves .【答案】were【解析】句意：她打开它，深深地吸了一口气。里面是两把锋利的刀。介词Inside 在句首，句子应用倒装语序，主语是two sharp knives ,是复数形式，与之一致谓语也用复数，结合上句的opened,可知填were。4. . （2019 邢台市高三上学期第一次月考）It was through her study of caterpillars she discovered the truth about their life cycles【答案】that【解析】句意：正是通过她对于毛毛虫的研究，她才发现了它们生命轮回的真相。本句是强调句型“Itis/was t

46、hat ”，被强调部分是 through her study of caterpillars，故填 that 。5. . （2019 湖南师大附中高考模拟 ）There is no doubt that eating organic food will make you healthier, is ？【答案】there【解析】句意：毫无疑问，食用有机食物会使你更健康，是吗？考查反意疑问句。根据语境来确定反意疑问部分用there 。6. （2019 河南省中原名校高三第六次质量检测）Never before I seen such a wonderful park,where I'd l

47、ike to pay a visit again【答案】have【解析】句意： 我从没见过这么美丽的公园，我想再来参观一次。否定副词短语放在句首，句子要用部分倒装形式；never before 常与现在完成时连用。7. （2019 重庆巴蜀中学高三适应性月考）Not only you make yourself understood, but youalso keep the listeners engaged 【答案】do【解析】句意：你不仅要使他人明白你的话，而且也要让听众融入到谈话中。not only 放在句首，该分句用倒装语序，故填do。8. （2019 -安徽模拟 John has

48、not yet passed the driving test, and neither Henry.【答案】has【解析】句意：约翰还没有通过驾照考试，亨利也没有通过。否定副词neither 置于句首，后面的主谓语应用部分倒装。根据上一分句中的谓语动词“has passed（ 现在完成时） ”和该分句的主语 Henry可推知，设空处答案为has。9. （2019 广西梧州高三一模）Freddy gave him a job and housing and lent him pocket money while（train） him 【答案】training【解析】句意：弗雷迪在培训他期间给他

49、提供工作和住房，并借给他零花钱。根据宾语him 判断，train 在此是动词，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致，均为 Freddy ,且Freddy与train 之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填现在分词。while training him 相当于 while he was training him 。10. （2019 安徽六校联考 ）is it that he is not so friendly as he used to be?【答案】How/Why【解析】句意： 他怎么 / 为什么不如过去友好了呢？本句是强调句型的特殊疑问句形式，即“特殊疑问词 is/was it that 其他？”。本句改为普

50、通句型后为“ is he not so friendly as he usedto be ？”11. （2019 浙江杭州一次质检）A child, if actively （engage） in classroom activities, can be taught many things 【答案】engaged【解析】句意：如果一个孩子能积极参加课堂活动，他能学会许多东西。本句为省略句。将本句补全后为：If a child is actively engaged in classroom activities, he can be taught many things 把相同的主语a child 和 be 动词省去，故填engaged。二、单句改错1. . （2019 山西孝义高 三一模）The drivers don't agree to the deal, so do the passengers 【答案】sofneither/nor【解析】前面是 don't ,后面也应该使用否定词neither或者nor,而so用于肯定句中。2. （2019 广东仲元中学模拟）Only by