2017年12月六级仔细阅读真题与解析卷二

1、Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.You mayhave heard that Coca-Cola once contained an ingredient capable of sparking particular devotion in consumers: cocaine. The “coca in the name referred to the extracts of coca leaf that the drinks originator, chemist John Pemberton

2、, mixed with his sugary syrup 姜汁.At the time, coca leaf extract mixed with wine was a common tonic 滋补品, and Pemberton' s sweet brew was a way to get around local laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol. But the other half of the name represents another ingredient , less infamous名声不好的,perhaps, but a

3、lso strangely potent: the kola nut.In West Africa, people have long chewed kola nuts as stimulants, because they contain caffeine that also occurs naturally in tea, coffee, and chocolate. They also have heart stimulants.Historian Paul Lovejoy relates that the cultivation of kola nuts in West Africa

4、is hundreds of years old. The leafy, spreading trees were planted on graves and as part of traditional rituals. Even though the nuts, which need to stay moist, can be somewhat delicate to transport, traders carried them hundreds of miles throughout the forests and grasslands.Europeans did not know o

5、f them until the 1500s, when Portuguese ships arrived on the coast of what is now Sierra Leone. And while the Portuguese took part in the trade, ferrying nuts downthe coast along with other goods, by 1620, when English explorer Richard Jobson madehis way up the Gambia, the nuts were still peculiar t

6、o his eyes.By the late 19th century, kola nuts were being shipped by the tonne to Europe and the US. Many made their way into medicines, intended as a kind of energy boost. One such popular medicinal drink was Vin Mariani, a French product consisting of coca extract mixed with red wine. It was creat

7、ed by a French chemist, Angelo Mariani, in 1863. So when Pemberton created his drink,it represented an ongoing trend. When cocaine eventually fell from grace as a beverage ingredient, kola-extract colas became popular.The first year it was available, Coca-Cola averaged nine servings a day across all

8、 the Atlanta soda fountains where it was sold. As it grew more popular, the company sold rights to bottle the soda, so it could travel easily. Today about 1.9 billion Cokes are purchased daily. It' sbecome so iconic that attempts to change its taste in 1985 sweetening it in a moveprojected to bo

9、ost sales proved disastrous, with widespread anger from consumers. "Coca-Cola Classic , returned to store shelves just three months after the “New Cok? was released.These days, the Coca-Cola recipe is a closely guarded secret. But it ' s said to no longer contain kola nut extract, relying i

10、nstead on artificial imitations to achieve the flavour.你可能听说可口可乐曾经含有一种能够使消费者“死忠的成分：可卡因.名中的“ coca指的是古柯叶的提取物,该饮料的创始人化学家约翰彭伯顿用 它与含糖的姜汁混合在一起.当时,古柯叶提取物与葡萄酒混合是常见的滋补品, 而当地法律禁止出售含酒精饮料,彭伯顿的甜饮那么避开了该法律.“cola代表 另一种成分一一可乐果：尽管名声不太好,但非常给力.在西非,人们长期以来一直嚼着可乐果作为兴奋剂,由于它们含有咖啡因. 咖啡因在茶、咖啡和巧克力中也天然存在.它们也有心脏兴奋剂.历史学家保罗洛夫乔伊指出,

11、西非的可乐果种植已有数百年的历史.枝繁 叶茂的可乐果树被种植在坟墓上,作为传统仪式的一局部.尽管可乐果需要保持 湿润,在运输上需要谨慎处理,但是贸易商却带着它们穿越森林和草原,运送了数百英里.直到十六世纪,葡萄牙船只抵达现在的塞拉利昂海岸时,欧洲人才知道它们.尽管葡萄牙人也参加了可乐果贸易,将可乐果和其他货物一起装船运输,但1620 年英国探险家理查德乔布森前往冈比亚看到可乐果时,仍觉得它奇怪.到十九世纪后期,可乐果才被大量运往欧洲和美国.很多可乐果入了药,把 它做能量增强剂.当时有一种受欢送的药用饮料叫马里亚尼葡萄酒,是一种法国 产的古柯提取物与红葡萄酒的混合.该产品由法国化学家安杰洛马里亚

12、尼于 1863年创立.所以当彭伯顿创造了他的饮料,代表着不断开展的趋势.可卡因 作为饮料配料最终“失宠时,可乐果提取物变得受欢送起来.第一年,可口可乐在所有亚特兰大的冷饮小卖部的销量只有平均九份每天.随着它越来越受欢送,该公司开始销售瓶装苏打水,所以它更便于随身携带.现 在每天的销量高达约十九亿瓶.可口可乐俨然已成为一种标志,以至于 1985年 改变其的口味的尝试被证实是灾难性的：原以为使其变得更甜可以促进销售,不料引起了消费者普遍愤慨.“经典可口可乐在“新可乐发布后的三个月后 重新回到货架上.直到现在,可口可乐的配方仍是一个严格保守的秘密.据说它不再含有古柯 提取物,而是依靠人造的仿制品来到

13、达相同的口味.46. What do we learn about chemist John Pemberton?A) He used a strangely potent ingredient in a food supplement.B) He created a drink containing alcohol without breaking law.C) He became notorious because of the coca drink he developed.D) He risked breaking local law to make a drink with coca

14、 leaves.【答案详解】答案是A.由第一自然段最后一句"But the other half of the name represents another ingredient , less infamous, perhaps, but also strangely potent: the kola nut我们可以得知“ cola代表另一种成分可乐果：尽管名声不太好,但非常给力.很多同学首先就把A排除,理由是可口可乐不属于 食品(food)的范畴.食品定义是“可供人类食用或饮用的物质,饮料当然也 属于广义的食品.做阅读理解,几个选项一定要仔细比拟、揣摩.【干扰分析】B、D选项具有

15、很大的迷惑性.C选项很容易排除.由第一自然段第 三句 "Pemberton's sweet brew wasa way to get around local laws prohibitingthe sale of alcohol 我们可以得知：当地法律禁止出售含酒精饮料,彭伯顿 的甜饮那么避开了该法律.换言之,可口可乐是不含酒精的,他本人也没有冒违反 法律的风险.故可排除B> D选项.C选项“变得声名狼藉(becamenotorious ) 很容易排除,由于文章中提到声名狼藉的是可乐果,而不是彭伯顿.47. What does the passage say abou

16、t kola nuts?A) Their commercial value was first discovered by Portuguese settlers. B) They contain somekind of energy boost not found in any other food. C) Many were shipped to Europe in the late 19th century for medicinal use.D) They were strange to the Europeans when first imported from West Afric

17、a.【答案详解】答案是C.由第5自然段的头两句"By the late 19th century, kola nuts were being shipped by the tonne to Europe and the US. Manymadetheir way into medicines, intended as a kind of energy boost 我们可以得知：到十九世纪后期,可乐果才被大量运往欧洲和美国. 很多可乐果入了药,把它做 能量增强剂.【干扰分析】此题相关的阅读点散布在2-5自然段多个地方,信息量大.B选项容易排除,A、D有较大的迷惑性,需仔细比拟.文中第四

18、自然段提到,葡萄 牙人用船只将可乐果运往欧洲,并从事可乐果贸易,但并不能断定葡萄牙定居者 首先发现可乐果的商业价值,排除 Ao第二自然段提到,可乐果含有咖啡因,它 在茶、咖啡和巧克力中也存在,排除 B.第二、三自然段屡次提到西非,但没有 明确提及欧洲人首次从西非进口可乐果的相关信息.第四自然段中提到十六世纪 时葡萄牙船只抵达现在的塞拉利昂海岸,塞拉利昂是西非国家,但并不能由此断定首次进口可乐果是葡萄牙人所为,故排除 a48. How come kola-extract colas became popular?A) Cocaine had become notorious.B) Alcohol

19、ic drinks were prohibited.C) Fountains were set up to sell them.D) Rights were sold to bottle the soda.【答案详解】答案是Ao由第五自然段最后一句"Whencocaine eventually fell from grace as a beverage ingredient, kola-extract colas became popular我们可以得知：可卡因作为饮料配料最终“失宠 (fell from grace )时,可 乐果提取物变得受欢送起来.其“失宠是由于它声名狼藉,此后

20、作为代替品的 可乐果提取物变得受欢送.【干扰分析】B、C选项与题干相关度低,而 D有一定的迷惑性.B、C选项在文 中确实有提到,但与题干相关度低.倒数第二自然段第二句话提到,随着可口可 乐越来越受欢送,该公司开始销售瓶装苏打水,所以它更便于随身携带.这里讲 的是可口可乐受欢送与瓶装苏打水两者的关系,而不是讲可乐果提取物是如何变得受欢送的,故排除D49. What is known about the taste of Coca-Cola?A) It was so designed as to create addiction in consumers.B) It still relies on

21、 traditional kola nut extract.C) It has become more popular among the old.D) It has remained virtually unchanged since its creation.【答案详解】答案是Do由倒数第二自然段的最后两句我们可以得知,1985年改 变其的口味的尝试被证实是灾难性的,经典可口可乐在“新可乐发布后的三个月后重新回到货架上.另外,由文章的最后一句我们可以得知,它不再含有 可乐果提取物,而是依靠人造的仿制品来到达相同的口味.综上所述,可口可乐自创立以来,其味道几乎没有变化.【干扰分析】B选项很容

22、易排除,A C在文中没有提及.有的同学错选 A,认为 A选项中的上瘾与文中提到的可卡因有关,早期的可口可乐含可卡因,而可卡因 可能让人上瘾,由此臆断这是该产品设计的目的.其实文中并未明确提及 addition,而它也绝非创始人设计产品的初衷.做阅读理解切忌先入为主,想当 然.可口可乐自创立以来,其味道几乎没有变化,确定D为正确选项的同时又可 以排除Bo文中没有明确的提及该饮料是否会让消费者上瘾或它是否在老年人群 中越来越受欢送,属“无中生有",故排除 A Co50. What is the passage mainly about?A) The evolution of Coca-C

23、ola.C) The medicinal value ofCoca-Cola.B) The success story of Coca-Cola. D) The business strategy of Coca-Cola.【答案详解】答案是Ao本文从可口可乐的名字谈起,然后说到该产品的创立与 开展.全文贯穿了其开展史中较为有趣的几件代表性事件,究其主旨,可口可乐的开展演变最为贴切.【干扰分析】B、C、D等干扰项在文中都有提及,但均以偏概全,不能作为全文 的主旨大意,故排除.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following pas

24、sage.Twenty years ago, the Urban Land Institute defined the two types of cities that dominated the US landscape: smaller cities that operated around standard 9-5 business hours and large metropolitan areas that ran all 24 hours of the day. Analyzing and comparing cities using the lens of this basic

25、divide gives interesting context to how investment capital flows and housing prices have shifted.In recent years, many mid-sized cities have begun to adopt a middle-of-the-road approach incorporating the excitement and opportunity of large cities with small cities' quiet after midnight. The se 1

26、8-hour cities are beginning to make waves in real estate rankings and attract more real estate investment. What is underlying this new movementin real estate, and why do these cities have so much appeal?18-hour cities combine the best of 24-hour and 9-5 cities, which contributes to downtown revitali

27、zation. For decades, manydowntown cores in small to mid-sized cities were abandoned after work hours by workers who lived in the suburbs. Movement out of city centers was widespread, and downtown tenants were predominantly madeup of the working poor. This generated little commercefor downtown busine

28、sses in the evenings, which madebusiness and generating tax revenue for municipal upkeep difficult. With the rise of a new concept in urban planning that aims to make life easier and more convenient, however, increasing popularity for urban areas that caused the real estate pushes, in major cities l

29、ike San Francisco or New York, has inspired a type of forward thinking urbanity and policy in smaller cities.Transforming downtown areas so that they incorporate modem housing and improved walkability to local restaurants, retail, and entertainment especially when combined with improved infra struct

30、ure for cyclists and public transit makes them appeal to a more affluent demographic. These adjustments encourage employers in the knowledge and talent industries to keep their offices downtown. Access to foot traffic and proximity to transit allow the type of entertainment-oriented businesses such

31、as bars and restaurants to stay open later, which attracts both younger, creative workers and baby boomers nearing retirement alike. Because of their smaller size , most keep hours that allow people to enjoy themselves, then have somequiet after midnight, as opposed to large major cities like New Yo

32、rk, where the buzz of activity is ongoing.These 18-hour cities are rapidly on the rise and offer great opportunities for homeowner investment. In many of these cities such as Denver, a diverse and vigorous economy attracted to the urban core has offered stable employment for residents. The right urb

33、an mix has propped up home occupancy, increased property values, and attracted significant investment capital.二十年前,美国城市土地学会限定了主导美国的两类城市：围绕朝九晚五工 作时间的小城市,以及24小时全天候的大都市区.以根本分类的视角来分析和 比拟城市,给资本流动和房价变化提供了有趣的背景.近年来,许多中等城市开始采取折中的方式,将大城市的精彩和机遇与小城市的夜间的宁静地结合起来.这些18小时城市开始在房地产排名上掀起波澜并吸引 更多的房地产投资.隐藏在新房地产运动背后的秘密是什

34、么,为什么这些城市有 如此的吸引力18小时城市集24小时城市和朝九晚五式小城市的优势于一身,而这有助于 城市复兴.几十年来,许多工人在中央区上班,下班后返回郊区的家,以至于中 小城市的许多中央区在下班后被“遗弃.迁出市区运动普遍存在,在市中心居住的主要是在市区上班的贫困人口.这就导致了市中央区夜间商机微乎其 微,生意难做,税收减少,市政维护难.城市规划新概念旨在使生活更轻松、更 方便,然而诸如旧金山、纽约等大城市中,城区越来越受欢送,推动了地产开展. 城市规划新概念激发了中小城市关于都市风格和政策的前瞻思维.改造市中央区域,将现代住宅与可步行性结合,让人们步行就可以到达当地 的餐馆,零售和娱乐

35、场所,特别是为骑自行车者和公共交通系统提供更好的根底 配套.这样,市中央区对富裕人口也有吸引力.这些调整鼓励知识和人才行业 的雇王将办公室留在市中央.获得更大的人流量以及便利的交通使得诸如酒吧和餐馆等娱乐导向型产业 营业到更晚,这对年轻人,创意工作者和接近退休的婴儿潮一代同样具有吸引力. 由于这些城市规模较小,人们在营业时间享受乐趣,然后在午夜之后有一份安静, 而不是像纽约那样的大城市,时刻喧嚣不停.这些18小时的城市正在迅速崛起,为房主投资提供了巨大的商机.众多诸 如丹佛这样的城市,具多元和有活力的经济吸引人们走向中央城区,并为居民提供了稳定的就业时机.城市商住恰当组合推高了住宅的入住率,提

36、升了房地产价值,吸引了大量的投资资本.51. What do we learn about American cities twenty years ago?A) They were divided into residential and business areas.B) Their housing prices were linked with their prosperity.C) There was a clear divide between large and small cities.D) They were places where large investment capi

37、tal flowed.【答案详解】答案是Co由文章首句我们得知：二十年前,美国城市土地学会限 定了主导美国的两类城市：围绕朝九晚五工作时间的小城市,以及 24小时全天 候的大都市区.简而言之,大小城市之间存在明确的划分,故C为正确选项.【干扰分析】此题属事实细节题,关键在于找到对应的阅读点.作为第一题,其 在文中对应的阅读点通常出现在开头局部,选错的同学应该对顺序法进行反思. 文中并没有提及美国城市住宅区和商业区的划分,不应将第三自然段中“许多工人在中央区上班,下班后返回郊区的家与住宅区和商业区的划分等同起来.文 中提到了房价变化,却没有明确提及房价与城市的繁华二者之间的关系；文中最后一自然段

38、中提到了诸如丹佛这样的18小时城市,提升了房地产价值,吸引了大量的投资资本,讲的是现状,与题干中“二十年前不符,所以 R D选项也 可以排除.52. What can be inferred from the passage about 18-hour cities?A) They especially appeal to small businesses.B) They have seen a rise in property prices.C) They have replaced quiet with excitement.D) They have changed America 

39、9; s landscape.【答案详解】答案是B.由第五自然段最后一句"The right urban mix has propped up home occupancy, increased property values, and attracted significant investment capital 可以得知：城市商住恰当组合推高了住宅的入住率,提升 了房地产价值,吸引了大量的投资资本.换言之,以丹佛为代表的18小时城市, 随着住宅入住率提升,房价也会相应提升,故 B为正确答案.【干扰分析】此题干扰项中既有文中提到的信息,出题人将它们成心和一些无中 生有的信息甚至是

40、错误的信息放在一起,考生要注意甄别.A、D选项的局部信息在文中确有提到,如“ businesses "和"landscape ,但出题人成心增加了文 中没有 的信息.文中不止一次提到“ businesses ",但没有提到“ small businesses ",二者不能等同；文中第一自然段中提到“ landscape ,但讲述的 是大小城市的划分,而此题谈论的是介乎大小城市之间的第三种类型一一18小时城市,更不能混为一谈,故 A、D可以排除.而C选项明显不对,第二自然段 第一句告诉我们,近年来,许多中等城市开始采取折中的方式,将大城市的精彩和机遇与小城

41、市的夜间的宁静地结合起来.由此我们可以判断出, 18小时并非 是用精彩取代了安静,也可以排除 Bo53. Years ago, many downtown cores in small to mid-sized cities.A) had hardly any business activity.B) were crowded in business hours.C) exhibited no signs of prosperity.D) looked deserted in the evenings.【答案详解】答案是Do由第三自然段第二句话“ For decades, many downtown cores in small to mid-sized cities were abandoned after work hours by work