GRE填空实用教案

1、因果关系语义对应：原因、结果原因与结果等价(dngji)标志词明显因果关系词：because (of), for, as,since, in that, be due to, owing to, so, so that, hence, thus, therefore, thereby, as a result of, consequently, according to, and 第1页/共35页第一页，共36页。因果关系 隐含(yn hn)因果关系词: 导致: lead to, cause, render, engender, result in, give rise to, make, p

2、roduce, support, stimulate, spur, spark, fuel, push, motivate, be responsible for, so.that., so as to. 由而来：derive from, result from, come from, on the basis of, for the reason that, spring from,initiate from, originate from, be responsive to, attribute to 反映，体现：reflect, present, portray, bespeak, im

3、ply, underlying, suggest第2页/共35页第二页，共36页。因果关系隐含因果关系词:4. 考虑到：given, considering, on account of, in view of, by, by way of, rely on, resort to, according to5. 条件关系词：if , when, while, once, as, as soon as, as long as6. 分词短语、不定时、独立(dl)主格等表原因第3页/共35页第三页，共36页。因果关系Congress is having great difficulty develo

4、ping a consensus on energy policy, primarily because the policy objectives of various members of Congress rest on such _assumptions.CommonplaceTrivial(C) Explicit(D) Divergent(E) fundamental第4页/共35页第四页，共36页。因果关系(A and B模式(msh)He was regarded by his followers, as something of _, not only because of h

5、is insistence on strict discipline, but also because of his _ adherence to formal details.Blank (i)Blank(ii)A martinetD conscientiousB tyrantE rigidC acolyteF maniacal第5页/共35页第五页，共36页。The successful_ of an archaeological site requires scientific knowledge as well as cultural_.因果关系Blank (i)Blank(ii)A

6、 evolutionD awarenessB reconstructionE aestheticsC analysisF sensitivity第6页/共35页第六页，共36页。因果关系The English novelist William Thackeray considered the cult of the criminal so dangerous that he criticized Dickens Oliver Twist for making the characters in the thieves kitchen so_.ThreateningRiveting(C) Con

7、niving(D) Fearsome(E) Irritating第7页/共35页第七页，共36页。The question of (i) _ in photography has lately become nontrivial. Prices for vintage prints (those make by a photographer soon after he or she made the negative) so drastically (ii) _ in the 1990s that one of these photographs might fetch a hundred t

8、imes as much as a nonvintage print of the same image. It was perhaps only a matter of time before someone took advantage of the (iii) _ to peddle newly created “vintage” prints for profit.因果关系Blank (i)Blank(ii)Blank(iii)A forgeryD ballonedG discrepancyB influenceE weakenedH ambiguityC styleF variedI

9、 duplicity第8页/共35页第八页，共36页。因果关系It was her view that the countrys problems had been _ by foreign technocrats, so that to invite them to come back would be counterproductive.AmelioratedAscertained(C) Diagnosed(D) ExacerbatedOverlookedWorsened第9页/共35页第九页，共36页。递进(d jn)关系让步(rng b)转折和递进转折语义对应元素：递进前项和递进后项标

10、志词Even, indeed, not only.but also, almost, not completely.however第10页/共35页第十页，共36页。递进(d jn)关系In the seventeenth century, direct flouting of a generally accepted system of values was regarded as _, even as a sign of madness.Adventurousfrivolous(C) willful(D) impermissible(E) irrational第11页/共35页第十一页，共

11、36页。递进(d jn)关系Few of us take the pains to study our cherished convictions; indeed, we almost have a natural_ doing so.Aptitude forRepugnance to(C) Interest in(D) Ignorance of(E) Reaction after第12页/共35页第十二页，共36页。递进(d jn)关系The macromolecule RNA is common to all living beings, and DNA, which is found i

12、n all organisms except some bacteria, is almost as _.Comprehensivefundamental(C) inclusive(D) universalSignificantubiquitous第13页/共35页第十三页，共36页。递进(d jn)关系While not completely nonplussed by the unusually caustic responses from members of the audience, the speaker wasnonetheless visibly _by their livel

13、y criticism.Humiliateddiscomfited(C) deludedDisgracedTantalized第14页/共35页第十四页，共36页。复指关系(gun x) 语义对应：复指前项和复指后项 关键(gunjin)元素：continue, remain, 平行结构，分号，表同义的并列连词（and/or） 注意否定和双重否定对语义的影响第15页/共35页第十五页，共36页。复指关系(gun x)The First World War began in a context of jargon and verbal delicacy and continued in a cl

14、oud of _ as _as language and literature, skillfully used, could make it.Blank (i)Blank(ii)A clichD literalB euphemismE impenetrableC subjectivityF enthralling第16页/共35页第十六页，共36页。复指关系(gun x)Although he attempted repeatedly to (i) _ her of her conviction of his insincerity, he was not successful; she r

15、emained (ii) _ in her judgment.Blank (i)Blank(ii)A conviceD unfeignedB remindE adamantC disabuseF indulgent第17页/共35页第十七页，共36页。 It is refreshing to read a book about our planet by an author who does not allow facts to be _ by politics: well aware of the political disputes about the effects of human a

16、ctivities on climate and biodiversity, this author does not permit them to _ his comprehensive description of what we know about our biosphere. He emphasizes the enormous gaps in our knowledge, the sparseness of our observations, and the _, calling attention to the many aspects of planetary evolutio

17、n that must be better understood before we can accurately diagnose the condition of our planet.BLANK(i)BLANK(ii)BLANK(iii)A overshadowedD enhanceG plausibility of our hypothesesB invalidatedE obscureH certainty of our entitlementC illuminatedF underscoreI superficiality of our theories复指关系(gun x)第18

18、页/共35页第十八页，共36页。 No other contemporary poets work has such a well-earned reputation for _, and there are few whose moral vision is so imperiously unsparing. Of late, however, the almost belligerent demands of his severe and densely forbidding poetry have taken an improbable turn. This new collection

19、 is the poets fourth book in six yearsan ample output even for poets of sunny disposition, let alone for one of such _ over the previous 50 years. Yet for all his newfound _, his poetry is as thorny as ever.BLANK(i)BLANK(ii)BLANK(iii)(A) patent accessibility(D) penitential austerity(G) taciturnity(B

20、) intrinsic frivolity(E) intractable prolixity(H) volubility(C) near impenetrability(F) impetuous prodigality (I) pellucidity复指关系(gun x)第19页/共35页第十九页，共36页。修饰（解释(jish)）关系 语义对应：被修饰（解释）主体及修饰（解释）内容(nirng) 标志词：分词短语、不定式短语、形容词短语、介词短语、定语从句、同位语从句、冒号.第20页/共35页第二十页，共36页。 What readers most commonly remember abo

21、ut John Stuart Mills classic exploration of the liberty of thought and discussion concerns the danger of _: in the absence of challenge, ones opinions, even when they are correct, grow weak and flabby. Yet Mill had another reason for encouraging the liberty of thought and discussion: the danger of p

22、artiality and incompleteness. Since ones opinions, even under the best circumstances, tend to _, and because opinions opposed to ones own rarely turn out to be completely _, it is crucial to supplement ones opinions with alternative points of view.BLANK(i)BLANK(ii)BLANK(iii)(A) tendentiousness(D) em

23、brace only a portion of the truth(G) erroneous(B) complacency(E) change over time(H) antithetical(C) fractiousness(F) focus on matters close at hand(I) immutable修饰(xish)（解释）关系第21页/共35页第二十一页，共36页。修饰（解释(jish)）关系Vaillant, who has been particularly interested in the means by which people attain mental h

24、ealth, seems to be looking for _answers: a way to close the book on at least a few questions about human nature.TemporaryConfused(C) DefinitivePersonalDerivative第22页/共35页第二十二页，共36页。修饰（解释(jish)）关系Vain and prone to violence, Caravaggio could not handle success: the more his _as an artist increased, th

25、e more _ his life became.Blank (i)Blank(ii)A temperanceD tumultuousB notorietyE providentialC eminenceF dispassionate第23页/共35页第二十三页，共36页。转折(zhunzh)关系语义对应：转折(zhunzh)前项和转折(zhunzh)后项标志词关键元素：(al)though, even though, albeit, despite, in spite of, however, but, yet, while, whereas, nevertheless, nonethele

26、ss, notwithstanding, whatever固定模式：Although A_, B_Although A_X_, A_Y_第24页/共35页第二十四页，共36页。 Room acoustics design criteria are determined according to the rooms intended use. Music, for example, is best _ in spaces that are reverberant, a condition that generally makes speech less _ . Acoustics suitabl

27、e for both speech and music can sometimes be created in the same space, although the result is never perfect, each having to be _ to some extent.BLANK(i)BLANK(ii)BLANK(iii)A controlledD abrasiveG compromisedB appreciatedE intelligibleH eliminatedC employedF ubiquitousI considered转折(zhunzh)关系第25页/共35

28、页第二十五页，共36页。 Some paleontologists debate whether the diversity of species has _ since the Cambrian period, or whether imperfections in the fossil record only suggest greater diversity today, while in actuality there has been either_ or decreased diversity.BLANK(i)BLANK(ii)A changedD escalationB incr

29、easedE stasisC declinedF deviation转折(zhunzh)关系第26页/共35页第二十六页，共36页。转折(zhunzh)关系Even in the business, where _ is part of everyday life, a talent for lying is not something usually found on ones resume.aspirationmendacity(C) prevarication(D) insensitivity(E) baseness(F) avarice第27页/共35页第二十七页，共36页。转折(zh

30、unzh)关系A restaurants menu is generally reflected in its decor; however, despite this restaurants _ appearance it is pedestrian in the menu it offerseleganttawdry(C) modern(D) traditional(E) conventional(F) chic第28页/共35页第二十八页，共36页。对比(dub)关系 语义对应：两个对比项 关键元素(yun s) 时间对比：before, until, since, previous,

31、current, recently, now, today, yesterday, later, future, origin, begin, formerly, once, initially, pristine, erstwhile, hitherto, no longer, having done结构 结构对比：not.but., instead of, in contrast to, on the contrary, far form. on the other hand, rather than, otherwise, unlike, not so much.as.第29页/共35页

32、第二十九页，共36页。对比(dub)关系动词逻辑关系对比：give way to, be challenged by, be discredited by, shift/decay/change/distinguish fromto, replace/reconcilewith, 动词+betweenand特殊含义(hny)对比：paradoxical(ly), ironical(ly), unexpected(ly)反义词直接对比：encourage/discourage, active/dormant第30页/共35页第三十页，共36页。对比(dub)关系The popularity of

33、 pseudoscience and quack medicines in the nineteenth century suggests that people were very_, but the gullibility of the public today makes citizens of yesterday look like hard-nosed _.Blank (i)Blank(ii)A cautiousD pragmatistsB credulousE educatorsC rationalF skeptics第31页/共35页第三十一页，共36页。 Philosophy, unlike most other subjects, dose not try to extend our knowledge by discovering new information about the world. Instead it tries to deepen our understa