大学英语翻译技巧(新2-)

1、7.重复法重复法 *翻译时，有时为了明确、强调或生动，须将一翻译时，有时为了明确、强调或生动，须将一些关键性的词重复。些关键性的词重复。 重复名词:1) Theybegantostudyandanalyzethesituationoftheenemy. 他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。(为了明确)2)Watercanbedecomposedbyenergy,acurrentofelectricity. 水可由能量来分解，所谓能量也就是电流。(为了明确)3)Ihadexperiencedoxygenand/orenginetrouble. 我曾经碰到过,不是氧气设备出故障,就是引擎出故障,或者两者都

2、出故障 4) But there had been too much publicity about my case. 但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。（为了生动） 5)I know you hate me and I hate you ,we had better part right now. 我知道你恨我,我也嫌你,咱们最好马上分手.（为了强调） Hebecameanoil baronallbyhimself.他成为了一个石油大王-一个白手起家的石油大王. Thishasbeenourpositionbutnottheirs.这一直是我们的立场-而不是他们的立场.Wesee,t

3、herefore,howthemodernbourgeoisieisitselftheproductofalongcourseofdevelopment,ofseriesofrevolutionsinthemodesofproductionandofexchange. 由此可见,现代资产阶级本身是一个长期发展过程的产物,是生产方式和交换方式的一系列变革的产物.May I extend my heartiest congratulations to the great Chinese people and its Communist Party, through you, for the glo

4、wing success of your tremendous revolution, which is now inspiring the world.让我通过您最衷心地祝贺伟大的中国人民及其共产党,祝贺你们的巨大革命的辉煌胜利, 这个胜利正在鼓舞着全世界.(从句中的先行词)The President announced, with obvious relish, that the planes took off from “Shangri-la”, the fictional, remote retreat in the Himalayas.(同谓语)这位总统洋洋得意地宣称,这批飞机是从“

5、香格里拉”起飞的,而“香格里拉”是一个虚构的喜马拉雅山中的世外桃源. 重复动词 For a good ten minutes, he cursed me and my brother. 足足有十分钟之久,他既骂我,又骂我兄弟. Chairman Mao is an activist, a prime mover, an originator and master of strategy achieved by alternating surprise, tension and easement. (Edgar Snow.) 毛主席是一位活动家,是原动力,是创始者,是交替运用出其不意,紧张和松弛

6、而取得成就的战略大师. 重复前置词 We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other of everything but our host and hostess. 我们谈到自己,谈到前途,谈到旅程, 谈到天气, 谈到彼此的情况-谈到一切,只是不谈我们的男女主人. He no longer dreamed of storms, nor ofgreat occurrences, nor of great fish, nor fights, nor contests of

7、strength. 他不再梦见暴风雨,不再梦见惊人的遭遇,也不再梦见大鱼,搏斗和角力.重复代词重复代词1.物主代词(its，his , their, etc.)Each country has its own customs.各国有各国的风俗2.强势关系代词/副词(whoever, whenever, wherever,)Whoever violates the disciplines should be criticized.谁犯了纪律，谁就应该受到批评Wherever sever oppression existed, there would be revolution.哪里有残酷的压迫，

8、哪里就有革命运用重叠词运用重叠词His children, too, were asragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody.他的那些孩子，也是穿的破破烂烂，粗野不堪，像是没有父母似的Only a very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him.欢迎他的只有轻轻的，零零落落，冷冷淡淡的掌声He had decided to live for ever or die in the attempt.他已觉定,要么庸庸碌碌长命百岁,要么

9、跃跃一试猝然离世 Her room is always kept clean and tidy though she is busy all day. 尽管她整天忙忙碌碌,她 的房间却保持的干干净净. He deserve not the sweet that will not taste the sour 不吃苦中苦,哪得甜上甜 John is your friend as much as he is mine. 约翰既是你的朋友，又是我的朋友。 The little apprentice in particular lived in terror of the boss, who had

10、borne down on him so often and so hard that there was little left.小学徒对老板尤其怕得要死，老板经常整他而且整得很重，简直把他整瘪了。They covered the 19th century foreign intervention in China, Maos Long March in the mid-1930s, the French and American revolutions. 他们谈到十九世纪外国对中国的干涉，谈到毛泽东在三十年代中期的长征，还谈到法国革命和美国革命。They wanted to determi

11、ne if he complied with the terms of his employment and his obligations as an American. 他们想要确定，他是否履行了受雇条件，是否履行了作为美国公民应尽的职责。He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others. 他讨厌失败，他一生中曾经战胜失败，超越失败，并且藐视别人的失败。The streets were overrun by Hitlers bullies. 那时希特勒的暴徒在街

12、上横行霸道，无恶不作。With his tardiness, carelessness and appalling good humor, we were sore perplexed.(使无耐;不知所措) 他老是磨磨蹭蹭，马马虎虎，脾气又好的惊人，我们都对他毫无办法。If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few. 多数人兴高采烈之日，却是少数人伤心失意之时。 The questions were evidently unexpected to the slow-witted sp

13、okesman, who instantly found himself tongue-tied. 这些问题显然使这位头脑迟钝的发言人感到意外，他立即显得张口结舌，哑口无张口结舌，哑口无言言。 What John said made his wife stare with mouth open. 约翰的话让他的妻子张口结舌张口结舌,目瞪口呆目瞪口呆With what seemed my last hope frustrated, I slipped into a deep lethargy. 随着最后一线希望的破灭，我不知不觉不知不觉地掉进了一种懒惰冷漠，意气消沉懒惰冷漠，意气消沉的状态。An

14、d now, you who have son long been bound to the most narrow and material views! 你这个一向目光短浅,见解卑俗的人!She came to the dining-room window and then cautiously look in. 她来到餐厅的窗子前,小心翼翼地朝里观望/看.Great contribution丰功伟绩 ; gratitude感恩戴德 ; ingratitude 忘恩负义; Vivid 生动活泼; hesitate 彷徨犹豫; arrogance 骄傲自大; careless 粗心大意; i

15、n chaos乌烟瘴气 ; triumph 兴高采烈;painful 伤心失意; street gossip 街谈巷议; rumors 流言蜚语;8.正说与反说正说与反说 正说指句中无否定词，反说指句中有否定词。英语和汉语都有同一种概念即可从正反也可反面来表达的情况。翻译时，原文是正面表达的，译文可从反面来表达；反之亦然。Eg. 1） “Dontstopworking,”hesaid. 他说，“继续干活吧。”（反-正） 2) He knew he was mortally ill. 他知道他得的是不治之症。（正-反） No smoking! The train will arrive in n

16、o time. 列车很快将到达.4) The significance of these incidents wasntlostonme. 这些事件引起了我们的重视。（反-正）5）Hewas80,buthecarriedhisyearslightly. 他80岁了，可是并不显老。（正-反）6）我 们决不辜负全国人民对我们的希望.Wewillliveuptotheexpectationsofourpeople. （反-正）正反表达正反表达动词 The first bombs missed the target.第一批炸弹没有击中目标.Such a chance was denied me.我没有

17、得到这样一个机会.He husband hates to her stony face.她丈夫不愿见到她那张毫无表情的脸.Stop talking nonsense!别胡说八道!他一直希望自己能成为老板的助手. Theideathatheshouldbecomeanassistanttohisbosshasneverdesertedhim.那个房间的窗子总是关着. Thewindowsofthatroomwereneveropen.这个小孩现在完全能够自己走路了Thechildcanwalkwithoutanyhelpnow.法律面前,人人平等.Lowisnorespecterofperson

18、s.她光着脚进了房间(她没穿鞋进了屋子里)Shecameintotheroomwithnoshoeson.副词We may safely say so.我们这样说万无一失.(错不了)A: The boy is very clever. B: Exactly!甲:这孩子很聪明. 乙: 一点不错.She got extremely excited before she reached her home .还没到家,她就激动得不得了. 形容词Hesnotstupid,merelyignorant.他并不苯,只是无知而已.Wearewatchingthefluidsituationwithconcer

19、n.我们密切关注动荡不安的局势.Theexplanationisprettythin.这个解释是相当不充实的.Hisrefusalisnotfinal.他的拒绝不是不可改变的.Hewasabsent fromhisowncountrylastyear.他去年不在自己的国家.前置词Thisproblemisabove me .这个问题我不懂(我解决不了).Itwas beyond hispowerto sign such a contract.他无权签订这种合同.连接词Theguerrillaswouldfighttodeathbeforetheysurrendered.游击队员宁愿战斗到死也决

20、不投降.IwillnotgounlessIhearfromhim.如果他不 通知我,我就不去.短语The islanders found themselves far from ready to fight the war.岛民发现自己远远没有做好作战准备.Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with dignity.双方认为,那和平建议是他们可以接受而不失体面的建议.We believe that the young generation will prove worthy of our t

21、rust.我们相信,年青一代将不会辜负我们的信任.When he missed the last bus, he was at a loss to know what to do.他误可最后一班公共汽车,茫然不知所措. 句子 If it worked once, it can work twice. 一次得手,再次不愁. My guess is as good as yours. 我的猜测并不比你的高明 The decision has to come. 决定还没有做出.反-正表达:The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanat

22、ions.虽然经他一再解释,疑团仍然存在.Mr. Rumsfeld said the Soviet Union was unprecedentedly engaged in a missile-building programme. 拉姆斯菲尔德说,苏联正以空前的规模推行制造导弹计划.All the articles are untouchable in the museum.博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸.It was said that someone had sown discord among them.据说有人在他们中间挑拨离间.Dont lost time in posting this

23、 letter.赶快把这封信寄出去.Students, without no exception, are to hand in their papers this afternoon.今天下午学生统统要交书面作业.The significance of these incidents wasnt lost on us.这些事件引起了我们的注意.9.语态的变换语态的变换 汉语被动式使用较少，而英语被动式的使用比汉语多，英汉翻译有时需进行主动式和被动式的互换。Eg. 1) Thesenseofinferioritythatheacquiredinhisyouthhasneverbeentotal

24、lyeradicated. 他在青少年时期留下的自卑感，还没有完全消除。 2) Thewholecountrywasarmedinafewdays. 几天以内全国武装起来了。3.这座桥将在今年年底建成。 Theconstructionofthebridgewillbecompletedbytheendofthisyear.4)这个问题正在研究正在研究。 Theproblemisnowbeingstudied.5.进攻的决定不是轻易做出的做出的. Thedecisiontoattackwasnottakenlightly.6.Hewaspolicedbythebossescops. 他受到老板雇

25、佣的警察的监督.7.IwassoimpressedbythesewordsthatIusedthemlaterforaChristmascard. 我为这些话所深深地感动了,后来我就把它写在圣诞贺卡. 英汉两种语言都有被动语态，但由于表达习惯上的差异，英语往往习惯用被动语态来表达，而汉语则和主动语态来表达。如：That young man cannot be relied upon.译成汉语就应该是“那位年轻人不可信赖”或者“我们不能信任那位年轻人”。如果将此句译成汉语的被动句“那位年轻人不可以被信赖”，译文就会显得很别扭，不符合汉语的表达习惯。由此可见，翻译时经常进行语态的转换是十分必要的。

26、英语中被动语态的使用十分广泛，尤其在考研翻译中，这种现象更为多见。相比之下，汉语被动语态使用的范围要小得多。因此，在英译汉时，大量被动语态的句子需要通过种种方法加以处理，以保证译文通顺流畅地表达原意。英语被动语态的汉译一般有以下几种方法。 一、译成汉语主动句一、译成汉语主动句 将英语被动语态译成汉语主动语态的方法一般包括以下几种： （一） 保存原文主语 当英语被动句中的主语为无生命的名词，而且句中不出现由by引导的行为主体时，翻译时往往将原句中的主语仍然译成主语。 The meeting is scheduled for April 6th. 会议定于四月六日举行。 Water can be

27、changed from a liquid into a solid. 水能从液体变成固体。 When rust is formed , a chemical change has taken place. 当锈形成的时候，就发生了化学变化。 （二） 主宾颠倒 英语中很多被动句子在表示行为主体的词前都加上by， 翻译时可将这类by结构中的宾语译成主语，而将原来的主语译成宾语。 Shewasgivenanewpenbyherfather. 她爸爸送给她一支新钢笔。 Heatandlightcanbegivenoffbythischemicalchange. 这种化学反应能放出热和光。 Onlya

28、smallportionofsolarenergyisnowbeingusedbyus. 现在我们只能利用一小部分太阳能。 有时英语被动句中并未出现by结构，而只是代之以一个由介词短语构成的状语。这时仍可采用主宾颠倒的译法，将介词短语中的名词或名词词组译成句子的主语。 Communication satellites have already been used for living transmission in our country. 我国已将通讯卫星用于实况转播。 The numerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter

29、. 下一章提供了有关的数据资料。 （三） 增加主语 有些英语被动句并未在句中出现表示行为主体的词或词组，在翻译这类句子时，可适当增添一些不确定的主语，如“人们”、“有人”、“大家”、“我们”等。 Theissuehasnotyetbeenthoroughlyexplored. 人们对这一问题迄今尚未进行过彻底的探索。 Shewasseentoenterthebuildingaboutthetimethecrimewascommitted. 有人看见她大致在案发时进入了那座建筑物。 Whatwesayherewillnotbelongremembered,butwhatwedoherecanch

30、angetheworld. 我们在这里所讲的话，人们不会长久记住。然而我们在这儿所做的事，却能改变世界。 二、译成汉语无主句二、译成汉语无主句 英语中有些被动句不需要或无法说出行为的主体，因此，翻译时往往译成汉语的无主句。这时，原句中的主语一般译成宾语。 Measureshavebeentakentopreventtheepidemicfromspreadingquickly. 已经采取了措施来防止这种流行病迅速蔓延。 Watercanbeshownascontainingimpurities. 可以证明，水含有杂质。 Theunpleasantnoisemustbeimmediatelypu

31、tanend. 必须全部停止这种讨厌的噪声。 三、译成汉语判断句三、译成汉语判断句 有些英语被动句并不突出强调被动动作，而着重对事物的状态、过程和性质等加以描述，其作用与系表结构类似。因此，翻译这种英语被动句，经常采用“是.的”判断句式。 The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。 Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。 The manuscript was sent to the printer in London a few wee

32、ks before the French revolution. 手稿是在法国革命前几周寄往伦敦付印的。 The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872. 美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实施的。 四、译成汉语被动句 有些英语被动句着重被动的动作，因此，翻译时仍然可以翻译成汉语的被动句，以突出英语原文的被动意义。一般说来，被动句指的是具有被动形式标记的句子。虽然英语被动语态使用范围颇广，但其被动标记却很单一，主要是“be+动词的过去分词”及其变化形式。另一方面，汉语被动句式使用较少，

33、但其被动标记要繁杂得多。汉语中表达被动意义的语言手段主要包括使用“被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为.所、由.来”等等。 The minister was found to have appropriated government money. 部长被发现挪用公款。 He had been fired for refusing to obey orders from the head office. 他因拒绝接受总公司的命令而被解雇了。 Theschoolboywas knockeddownbyaminibuswhencrossingthestreet. 那名男生在穿过街道

34、时让一辆小公共汽车撞倒了。 He was praised by his teacher. 他得到了老师的表扬。 Problemsshouldbe resolvedingoodtime. 问题应及时加以解决。 Foralongperiodtocome,mostofChinaselderlywillcontinueto be providedforbytheirfamilies. 在未来较长的一段时间里，中国的老年人仍旧要由家庭来赡养 五、常用被动句型“It+被动语态+that”的翻译 在这种句型中，it是形式主语，that引导出的是主语从句。汉语译文习惯上采用主动语态，有时还需要增译出泛指性的主

35、语“我们”、“人们”、“大家”、“有人”等等，有时也可译成无主语的汉语句子，并酌情加上汉语介词“根据”或“据”。 It is considered that bioclimatology is an involved subject. 有人认为，生物气候学是一门复杂的学科。 It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas: natural science and social science. 有人强调说，科学的范畴可以分成两个主要领域：自然科学和社会科学。 It should be po

36、inted out that this process is oxidation. 应该指出，这一过程就是氧化。 It is hoped that. 希望，有人希望 It is assumed that. 假设，假定 It is claimed that. 据说，有人主张 It is believed that. 有人想信，大家相信 It is reported that. 据报道，据通报 It is considered that. 人们认为，据估计 It is said that. 据说，有人说 It is supposed that. 据推测，人们猜测 It has been annou

37、nced that. 已经宣布 It is asserted that. 有人主张 It is rumored that. 有人主张 It is rumored that. 听说，谣传 It is noticed that. 有人指出，人们注意到 It is suggested that. 有人建议，建议 It is reputed that. 人们认为，可以认为 It is learned that. 据说，据闻，已经查明 It is demonstrated that. 据证实，已经证明 It is estimated that. 据估计，有人估计 It is estimated that

38、. 有人指出，人们指出 It is pointed out that. 有人推荐，有人建议 It is proposed that. 有人提出 It was told that. 有人曾经说 It was first intended that. 最初就有这样的想法 It will be said that. 有人会说 It will be seen from this that. It was noted above that. 前面已经指出 It must be admitted that. 必须承认，老实说 It has been illustrated that. 据图示，据说明 It

39、 is stressed that. 有人强调说 It is stressed that. 有人列举出了 It can not be denied that. 无可否认 It can be said without exaggeration that. 可以毫不夸张的说 It is sometimes asked that.人们有时会问 It was felt that. 有人认识到了 It is universally accepted that. 人们普遍认为 It is unanimously agreed that. 大家一致同意 It is alleged that. 据说 It i

40、s calculated that. 据计算 It has been proved that. 已经证明 It has been found that. 人们已经发现 It is still to be hoped that. 我们仍然希望 It is well-known that. 众所周知，大家都知道 It should be realized that. 我们应该认识到 （14）不用说（谁都知道） It is understood that （15）无可否认 It cannot be denied that. （16）已经证明 It has been proved / demonstr

41、ated that. （17）可以肯定 It may be confirmed that. （18）可以有把握得说 It may be safely said that （19）人们有时会问 It is sometimes asked that （20）人们希望 It is expected / hoped that 10.分句法与合句法分句法与合句法 分句法分句法:只把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子；合句法指把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。Eg.1）The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their econ

42、omic achievements. 中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。（分句法）2)Energy can neither be created nor destroyed , a universally accepted law. 能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。（分句法）3)There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人要见你。（融合法）4)There are many people who want to see the film. 许多人要看这部电影。（融合法）5)His fathe

43、r had a small business in the city of Pisa. This city is in the north of Italy near the sea. 他的父亲在意大利北部近海的比萨开小铺. ） 6) He was very clean. His mind was open. 他为人单纯而坦率。He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation. 他摇了摇头,两眼睁得大大的,接着又眯成一条缝,脸上露出了愤怒的神色.They were at home in the home

44、 of the people, moving confidently without fear. 他们在群众家里感到自在,行动时心里塌实,无忧无虑.Their power increased with their number. 他们人数增加了,力量也随之增强.His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery. 因为他没有遵守安全规则,机器出了故障.She went back home to take care of her husband. He was serious

45、ly ill. 她回家去照料病重的丈夫.They sat down in the waiting-room to do some reading. People came to and fro there. 他们在人来人往的侯车室里看点书.Her father became the mayor of the city. He was a murderer in the second World War. 她的父亲 , 二次大战中的一个杀人凶手,竟然当上了这个城市的市长.*汉译英1.王夫人打发人来唤宝钗王夫人打发人来唤宝钗.宝钗连忙过来,请了安. Summoned by Lady Wang, B

46、aochai hurried over to pay her respects to her. (adv)2.孔乙己着了慌孔乙己着了慌,伸开五指将碟子罩住,弯下腰去说道:“不多了,我已经不多了.” Growing flustered, he would cover the dish with his hand and bending forward from the waist would say, “There arent many left, not many at all.” (adv)3.他去年夏天把十九岁的女儿小福子卖给了一个军人. 卖了二卖了二佰块钱佰块钱. .The summer

47、 before, he has sold his nineteen-year- old daughter Joy to an army officer for two hundred silver dollars. (adv) 道静气得浑身发抖道静气得浑身发抖. 她二话没说,立即向经理次辞了职. Quivering with anger, Daojing promptly gave notice (to the manger). (adv)七月里的一个清晨,太阳刚刚出来太阳刚刚出来.地里,苞米和高粱叶子上,抹上了金子的颜色. Early on one summer day, the golde

48、n rays of sunrise daubed the maize and sorghum fields in a bright yellow. (adj,)他们到了杨集.这是老洪带着队伍从枣庄过来和申茂队员们会这是老洪带着队伍从枣庄过来和申茂队员们会合的庄子合的庄子. They arrived at Yangji, the village where Lao Hong and his men had first met Shen Maos group when they came from Zaozhuang.合句翻译英汉1.The are men here from all over t

49、he country. Many of them are from the south. 从全国各地来的人中有许多是南方人.2. When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat. 我在谈判时总是有些紧张.紧张时我就吃点东西.3. When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite. 我对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌.4.The young man was very miserable. He h

50、ad no money about him. All his savings had been stolen. 这个年轻人很惨,已经落到了身无分文的地步,因为他所有的积蓄被盗窃了.5.Darkness fell. An explosion shook the earth. It did not shake his will to go to the front. 夜幕降临时,一声爆炸震动了大地,可并没有动摇他上前线的决心.6.That day, the President had an interview with her father. Her father was going to the

51、 moon by the space shuttle. 那天,总统会见了她 的父亲, 因为她的父亲即将乘航天飞机去登月.7.She is very busy at home. She has to take care of the children and do the kitchen work. 她在家很忙,既要看好孩子,又要下厨房.汉译英1.贾琏见他去了,只得回来瞧凤姐.谁知凤姐已醒了,听他和鸳鸯借当. As soon as she had gone Jia Lian went in to see Xifeng, who was had woken up and heard him ask

52、 for a loan.2. 笛声止了. 远远地起了拍掌声和欢笑声. The flute stopped, and in the distance there was applause and laughter.3. 最后两个字特别用力的.大家都不懂“这个”是什么意思. He laid special stress on the word “this”, but nobody appeared to understand what he meant 这 是热,心里可镇定多了.凉风,即使是一点点,给了 人们许多希望. It was still hot but everyone felt much

53、 better, for the breeze, though slight, brought them hope. 过了两年,他又换了学校,却遇见了一个值得感佩的同事.那同事是个诚朴的人,担任教师有六七年了. Two years later he changed to yet another school, and there he met a colleague whom he could not help admiring and felling drawn to, as he was a sincere, plain-spoken fellow who had been a teach

54、er for six or seven years.11.从句的翻译从句的翻译 英语中的从句分为三大类：名次性从句，形容词性从句和副词性从句。大部分英语从句译成汉语不会有太大困难。困难主要在以下几个方面。 一、同位语从句的翻译 常用方法有三种：汉译时不提前、提前、增加“即”“以为”或用冒号破折号分开。Eg. 1)HeexpressedthehopethathewouldcomeovertovisitChinaagain. 他表示希望再到中国来访问。 2)They were very suspicious of the assumption that he would rather kill h

55、imself than surrender. 对于他宁愿自杀也不投降这种假设，他们是很怀疑的。 3)But considered realistically , we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good. 但是现实地考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样的事实：我们的前景并不妙。 4.Yet, from the beginning, the fact that I was alive was ignored. 然而,从一开始,我仍然活着这个事实却偏偏被忽视了. He son, my employers nephew, w

56、as himself an assistant. 她的儿子,也就是我老板的侄子,也在店里当伙计. 二、定语从句的翻译有三种译法：前置法、后置法、融合法(把原文的主语和定语从句融合在一起译成一个独立的句子)。E g.1)Thepeoplewhoworkedforhimliveinmortalfearofhim. 在他手下工作的人对他怕得要命。(前置法)2)Itishewhoreceivedtheletterthatannouncedthedeathofyouruncle. 是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了.（后置法） 3)Heunselfishlycontributedhisuncommonta

57、lentsandindefatigablespirittothestrugglewhichtodaybringsthem(thoseaims)withinthereachofamajorityofthehumanrace. 他把自己非凡的才智和不倦的精力无私地献给了这种斗争，这种斗争今天已使人类中大多数人可以达到这些目标。（后置法） TheyarestrivingfortheidealwhichisclosetotheheartofeveryChineseandforwhich,inthepast,manyChinesehavelaiddowntheirlives. 他们正在为实现一个理想而努

58、力,这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的,过去,许多中国人为了这个理想而牺牲自己的生命.(后置法) It is a consolation to know that they will surely carry on the cause for which Edgar Snow strove so faithfully all his life. 了解到他们一定会把斯诺终身为之奋斗斯诺终身为之奋斗不渝的不渝的事业继续下去, 这是一件令人愉快的事.(前置法) 注意兼有状语功能的定语从句的翻译：e g. 1)Heinsistedonbuildinganotherhouse,whichhehadnousef

59、or. 他坚持要再造一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要。（译成表让步的分句） 2)Menbecomedesperateforwork,anywork,whichwillhelpthemtokeepalivetheirfamilies. 人们极其迫切的要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。(译成表“条件” 的分句) 3)Weknowthatacat,whoseeyescantakeinmanymoreraysoflightthanoureyes,canseeclearlyinthenight. 我们知道由于猫的眼睛比我们人类的眼睛能吸收更多的光线,所以猫在黑夜里也能看得清楚.(表示“原因

60、”) 4)Therewassomethingoriginal,independent,andheroicabouttheplanthat pleased all of them. 这个方案富于创造性,独出心裁,很有魄力,所以所以他们都很喜欢他们都很喜欢.( 表示“结果”)主语从句的翻译1. What he told me was only half-truth. 他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而已.2. It was obvious that I had become the pawn in some sort of top-level power play. 很显然,某些高级人物在玩弄权术,