试点本科英语2课件-unit 7-text A

1、#christmas Text : christmas Fun time Background knowledge#1.Christmas is a religious holiday. It is celebrated on December 25 as the birthday of Christ. 2. Most churches have Christmas Eve services. The services usually begin just before midnight on Christmas Eve and end early Christmas morning.#3.

2、It was not until the 4th century that the church in Rome began to celebrate Christmas. Midwinter festivals had always been celebrated by many peoples. The approach of the winter time, as the days grew shorter and colder and the sun seemed to threaten to disappear entirely, was a time of fear. But th

3、e shortest day also meant that winter was leaving and that ahead were spring, the warmth of the sun and the return of vegetation to the fields.NN#4. Christmas is a family holiday. Stores, post offices, banks, and businesses close for the day. Schools and colleges close between Christmas and New Year

4、s Day. People stay at home and spend the time with their families. Everybody tries to come home for Christmas.#5. People send cards or Christmas greetings to their families and friends. Some families send and get dozens of Christmas cards through the mail. They wish their friends “A Merry Christmas”

5、 and “A Happy New Year”.#6. The day before the vacation begins, schools have Christmas parties and programs. The children sing Christmas songs and recite Christmas poems. They trim their Christmas trees with strings of colored lights. They put glass ornaments on the trees and put white paper or a wh

6、ite sheet around the feet of the trees, so that they seem to be covered with snow, sometimes they hang Christmas cookies and little candies around them.#7. The use of mistletoe as part of Christmas decorations in private houses is common in the United states. A spring is fastened to a chandelier in

7、the living room and the youths regard it as their privilege to kiss any pretty young girl who wittingly or unwittingly stands under it. Kissing under the mistletoe originated in Britain in the early 17th century. The custom was for a berry to be removed from the bough every time a girl was kissed un

8、der it. When all the berries had been removed the kissing came to an end. #8. Little children hang on their stockings on Christmas Eve near their beds, and they believe that when they are asleep, Santa Claus will come to visit them. He comes down from the North Pole and drives a big sled. In the sle

9、d are toys for all the good children. Eight little reindeer pull the sled there through the air. Santa gets out when he comes to the roof of the childrens house. He comes down the chimney with a bag of toys. If the children have been good, he will fill their stockings with candies, fruits and toys,

10、and he also puts some toys under the tree.#9. On Christmas morning, children look into their stockings. They open their Christmas packages and examine their gifts. Usually the whole family has a big Christmas dinner in the afternoon or evening. The Christmas dinner, which is similar to the Thanksgiv

11、ing feast, is traditionally distinguished by a plum-pudding dessert.#10. Sometimes American families trim trees outside their homes. They put electric lights in a tree growing near the door and at night, they turn on the lights. Many towns have very large Christmas trees set up outdoors in the parks

12、. #11. In many rural sections of the country and in sections of some cities, candles, placed near the windows, light the paths of singers who go from house to house singing.#12.The air is filled with Christmas songs, and the stores are decorated in red and green, the traditional Christmas colors. Do

13、zens of Santa Clauses welcome the customers.#13. The common people have created legends of Santa Claus as a symbol of their deep love for children. However, the businessmen and the advertising companies on the main roads have turned Santa Claus into a cold commercial attraction.#14. Christmas is the

14、 biggest time for selling goods and American newspapers and magazines make a countdown before Christmas: “Twenty one shopping days before Christmas, twenty days before Christmas”, “Employ your time, for time glides on with speedy foot.”symbol: n. 象征，标志；符号，代号e.g.The lion is a symbol of courage.“H2O”

15、is the symbol for water.狮子是勇气的象征。“H2O” 是水的化学符号。advertise: vt. & vi. 登广告， （为）做广告e.g.If you want to sell your product you must advertise it.He heard that the firm was advertising for another typist.你要推销产品就要给它做广告。他听说那家公司正在打广告，要再聘一名打字员。hang : vi. 挂，悬，吊，垂（过去式和过去分词为hung, hung）vt. 挂，悬，吊，垂 （过去式和过去分词为hun

16、g, hung）e.g.Your coat is hanging on the wall.The picture hangs now on my room.你的外套在墙上挂着。这幅画在我房间里挂着。e.g.Hang those pictures on the wall, please.Will you hang the curtains?请把这些画挂在墙上。你能挂上窗帘吗？vt. 在（屋里墙上等）挂着 （过去式和过去分词为hung, hung）vt. 吊死，绞死 （过去式和过去分词为 hanged, hanged）All the walls were hung with pictures.所有

17、的墙上都挂着图画。e.g.e.g.He hanged himself in sorrow after his wife died.妻子死后，他在痛苦中上吊自杀了。distinguish : vt.看清，识别vt. （使）区别，（使）区分vi. 区分，区别e.g.I cannot distinguish things so far away.这么远，我看不清东西。e.g.It is hard to distinguish her from her sister.Can you distinguish the twins apart?What distinguishes a horse from

18、a donkey?她和她姐姐很难区分。这对双胞胎你能区分开吗？马和驴怎样区分？e.g.You should be able to distinguish between right and wrong.How do you distinguish between a star and a planet?你应该能够区分对错。恒星和行星怎样区分？vt. 使突出，使超出别人，用在distinguish oneself 结构中e.g.She distinguishes herself as a lawyer.Tom distinguished himself by winning three priz

19、es.她律师干的很突出。汤姆得了三个奖，非常突出。形容词distinguished 意思是“著名的，卓越的”e.g.He is the most distinguished chemist in the country.他是这个国家最著名的化学家。celebrate : vi. 庆祝，庆贺vt. 赞颂，赞扬e.g.The people celebrated their victory.We celebrate Christmas with trees and presents.人们欢庆胜利。我们圣诞节时用圣诞树和礼物来欢庆。e.g.The names of many heroes are ce

20、lebrated by the people.Their courage was celebrated in all the newspapers.很多英雄的名字都为人们所称颂。各家报纸纷纷赞扬他们的勇气。vi. 欢乐形容词 celebrated 的意思是“著名的，出名的”e.g.When the children saw the snow, they celebrated.孩子们看见了雪一个个兴高采烈。e.g.Lake Michigan is celebrated for its white fish.密歇根湖以出产银鱼著名。originate : vi. 起源于，由引起，原来是vt. 创造

21、，创始e.g.I believe that rumor originated from what you said yesterday.Her book originated from a story.我认为这谣言源于你昨天的话。她的书源自于一个故事。e.g.He is credited with originating a new printing process.The use of steam originated many other reforms.他被认为拥有一种新型印刷方法的发明权。蒸汽的使用引起了其他许多革新。employ : v.1）使用，利用(formal) 2） sb.

22、(as sth.) 雇用 n. 雇用e.g.He criticized the repressive methods employed by the countrys.The police had to employ force to enter the building.in sbs employ / in the employ of sb.他指责了这个国家的政府采取的镇压手段。警察不得不强行进入大厦。为某人所雇用/ 替某人工作dozen : 1)（一）打，十二个 2）十来个，十几个，十多个 3）dozens of 许多e.g.Two dozen eggsSeveral dozen peop

23、leIve been there dozens of time.两打鸡蛋 数十人我到那里去过很多次。recite : v. 1) (sth.) (to sb.) （尤指对听众）背诵，吟诵，朗诵2) (sth.) (to sb.)口头列举，逐一讲述e.g.Each child had to recite a poem to the class.每个孩子都得在班上朗诵一首诗。e.g.recite the dates of important historical events列举重大历史事件的日期trim : v. 1) sth. (with sth.) 装饰，修饰，点缀， （尤指某物的边缘）2)

24、 修剪，修整3） sth. (off sth.), sth. (off / away) 切去，割掉，剪下，除去（不必要的部分）e.g.gloves trimmed with fur毛皮镶边的手套e.g.to trim your hairThe training budget had been trimmed by 10,000.列举重大历史事件的日期培训预算缩减了10，000英镑。e.g.Trim any excess fat off the meat.把多余的肥膘从肉上切掉。n. 修剪；边饰，饰物 a.1）苗条的，修长的，健康优雅2)精心照料的，整齐的e.g.She has kept ver

25、y trim.她身材保持得很苗条。e.g.a trim garden精心管理的家园privilege : 特权 1）特殊利益，优惠待遇2)特殊待遇3）荣幸，荣耀 honore.g.Education should be a universal right and not a privilege.教育应当是全民的权利而非某部分人所特别享有的。e.g.As a member of nobility, his life had been one of wealth and privilege.身为贵族的一员，他过着有钱有势的生活。e.g.I hope to have the privilege of

26、 working with them again.但愿有幸与他们再度合作。remove : v. 1） sth. / sb. (from sth. / sb.) 移开，拿开，去掉；从机构开除2）脱去（衣服等） 摘下e.g.He removed his hand from her shoulder.Illegally parked vehicles will be removed.Three children were removed from the school for persisted bad behavior.他将手从她的肩膀上拿开。非法停放的车辆将被拖走。e.g.三个孩子因持续行为不

27、检被学校开除。3） sth. (from sb. / sth.) 去除，排除（污渍，不愉快的事物等）， 使消失n. 距离，差距She removed her glasses and rubbed her eyes.他摘下眼镜，揉了揉眼睛。e.g.To remove problems / obstacles / objections解决问题 / 排除障碍 / 消除异议come down (from to ) : v. 1）从到（通常指从一国的北部到南部，或从大地方到小地方）2）失去财富或地位 3）传承：按习惯通过或处理 4）宣判：从更高权威传下来 e.g.He has really come d

28、own in the world.customs that come down from colonial times.An indictment finally came down.他在这个世界上真的失去了地位。从殖民时代传承下来的惯例终于宣判起诉It was not until the 4th century that the church in Rome began to celebrate Christmas : 直到公元4世纪，罗马教堂才开始庆祝圣诞。这句话是not until 句型的强调句，要注意not前移。e.g.It was not until yesterday that s

29、he got the news that her mother had passed away.直到昨天，她才得到了母亲已经去世的消息。Midwinter festivals had always been celebrated by mant peoples. : 各族人一直都在冬天欢庆生日。people做“人，人民”讲时，没有单复数形式；但表示“民族”时，是个普通的可数名词，单数为people,复数为peoples.Stores, post offices, banks, and businesses close for the day. 店铺、邮局、银行、商行都要关门。business:

30、做不可数名词时意思是“商业”，而这里businesses用了复数，表示“商行，商店”。The youths regard it as their privilege to kiss any pretty young girl who wittingly or unwittingly stands under it:小伙子们把亲吻有意无意地站在树下的漂亮姑娘看做他们的特权。youth: 本是不可数名词，做“青春”、“年轻人的总称”讲；但也可以做“男青年”讲，这时是个普通的可数名词，有复数youths。But the shortest day also meant that winter was

31、leaving and that ahead were spring, the warmth of the sun and the return of vegetation to the fields.:但白天最短也意味着冬天即将离去，春天就要来了，温暖的阳光，田野里植物返青也不远了。本句中, mean的宾语是两个that 引导的宾语从句，其中， 第二个宾语从句用了倒装语序，以保持句子的平衡，防止“头重脚轻”，正常语序应为spring, the warmth of the sun and the return of vegetation to the field were ahead.look

32、 into sth.: 1）to examine sth.调查，审查 2）向的里面看，窥视；浏览e.g.A working party has been set up to look into the problem.已成立一个工作小组来调查这个问题。glide : v. 1) usual + adv. / prep. 滑行，滑动，掠过2）滑翔n. 滑行，滑动，滑翔e.g.Swans went gliding past.The skaters were gliding over the ice.天鹅滑行而过。滑冰者在冰上滑行。e.g.An eagle was gliding high overhead.The plane managed to glide down to the runway.一只鹰在头顶上翱翔。飞机终于成功地滑翔降落在跑道上。e.g.The graceful glide of a