英语的单词比较

1、实用标准文案1.neglect, ignore, omit“忽略，遗漏”neglect指对职责、义务或应做的事没有给予足够的注意，这种忘记可能是有意的，也可能是无意的。Those who neglect their duties should be punished.玩忽职守者应受惩罚。Why do they always neglect the traffic regulation?ignore指疏忽、不顾、强调对某人或某物故意不理会，有时还带有固执地拒绝的意味。When I saw Tom, I stopped to greet him, but he ignored me and wal

2、ked on.The teacher ignored my difficult questions.omit指因专注或疏忽而忘记某事，这种失误可能是有意或无意的，该词还可指删除不利或不必要的东西。She should not omit to visit the museum.The third part of the book may be omitted.The joys of travel having long _C_the disabled，are opening up to virtuallyanyone who has the means.A. omittedB. missedC.

3、 neglectedD. Discarded2.principal, principleprincipal既可作形容词，又可用作名词。作形容词用时，通常用来形容地位、作用等优于精彩文档实用标准文案任何其它的物或人，常作“首要的”、“主要的” 、“最重要的”解。作名词用时，通常指技术学校、师范学校或音乐学校的“校长”，在美国可指中小学的“校长”，等于英国英语中的headmaster；也可指剧团里的“主要演员”，在法律方面，只犯罪团伙中有别于教唆犯或从犯的“主犯” ，在财政方面指经营的活产生利息的“资本”、“本金”等。principle属名词，通常指做某事的“原则”或某种学科的“原理”。3.con

4、tinual, continuous, constant这三个形容词都有“连续的”，“不断的”的意思，但也有所区别。continual“连续的，继续的，老是“，指在一个较长时间或空间内有间歇的重复。通常修饰一个令人不快的东西。continuous“连续的，不断的” ，指某事在或长或短的时间或空间内连续发生，毫无间歇，但有开始和结束。constant“不断的；经常的” ，含有“永恒不变”的意思。1. _ smoking does harm to health.2. She was tired of _ trips to the grocery, school and office.3. The

5、noise of _ hammering disturbed me.4. The brain needs a _ supply of blood.5.There was _ rain for weeks.6.Itisimportantinscientificexperimentsthatalltheconditionsshouldbe_.7. He was _ in his efforts to improve his skills.精彩文档实用标准文案4.emerge， appear loom这三个词都有“出现”之意appear指人物的显现，几乎不含背景或来源，只表示进人视野之内。He ap

6、peared before the audience.他出现在观众面前。loom指从雾中或从不清晰的背景中显露出来，尤指以庞大或使人产生恐惧的形态突然出现，其后常接up 。A figure loomed up out of the mist.迷雾中突然出现了一个身影。emerge表示从包围中进入开阔空间，由此比喻初露锋芒。The moon emerged from behind the clouds.月亮自云后现出。Richard was waiting outside the door as the teacher emerged.老师出现的时候理查德正在门外等着。After a long

7、hunt of him， we saw him emerge from the crowd.我们找了他半天，才见他出现在人群中5.worth， worthwhile， worthy这三个词都有“值得”的意思，但用法有区别。worth可作形容词或名词。一般可用well ， hardly修饰，其后接名词或动名词作宾语。接动名词时，以主动形式表被动意义。整个结构可用作表语或后置定语。worthwhile中的 while是名词（仅用单数形式），原来的意思等于time ，但现在多作为一般的而且意思含糊得多的词使用。有时 while前还可有形容词性的物主代词修饰，其后可接精彩文档实用标准文案动名词或不定式

8、短语，其动名词和不定式短语不是while的宾语， 而是句中的真正主语，为形式主语。worthy是形容词，用作表语或后置定语时，后常接of 加名词或动名词的被动形式，也可接动词不定式的被动形式。有时，该词也可接主动形式的不定式，这时作“完全能够”解，如： In peculiar, a king must set a good example to his subjects. Only then would hebe worthy to rule.君主特别要身体力行做其臣民的表率，只有这样，君主才能君临天下。它还可作前置定语，表示“可敬的”的意思，主要形容在品行方面令人尊敬的人。注意：以 it 开

9、始的句子中，worth+V-ing和 worthwhile+V-ing的区别，一般来说，当it代表某说话人心目中的某个明确的事物时，只能用 worth+V-ing的形式。如：It is not worthsaving.这件东西不值得保存。当 it 无具体含义， 仅用作形式主语，代表句中后面动名词或不定式部分时，只能用worth while+V-ing的形式。如： It is not worth while saving.存放是不值得的。6.remote， distant far“远”distant意为“远的；远隔的” ，比 far庄严些，特指科学用语，含有距离大小的含义，可用于空间也可用于时间

10、，更常被用在比喻的意味上。e.g. ： He is a distant cousin of mine.他是我的远房表弟。far 意为“远的”，是一个比较纯的用语，它不仅指实际的距离，也用在比喻意义上，指遥远的前途、未来、过去等等。此词虽有像a far country，the far future等用法，但通常被用来作表语。此词用作副词时，常与distant连用。e.g. ： The hill is very far distant.那座山非常遥远。remote意为“遥远的” ，用以指场所，亦可用以指时间，还含有“孤独的、不易达到的、精彩文档实用标准文案难以出名的”等意味，如遥远的边疆、国家、大

11、海、古代、未来、亲戚等。e.g.: (1)They live in a mountain remote from any town or village.他们居住在远离任何城镇和村庄的大山里。(2)Some of your statements are rather remote from the subject we are discussing.你有一些话与我们所谈论的问题关系不甚密切。(3)The chance of finding him were so remote that they gave up the search.找到他的机会如此渺茫，以至于他们放弃了搜索7.faithfu

12、l， loyal truthful三个同都可作“忠实的，忠诚的”讲faithful adj.多指忠诚于相关联的人或事业，也指坚定不移地守信义，后常接 sb. ，doctrine，promise等，带有“始终不渝”的意味。He is faithful to his promise.他信守诺言。He was faithful from first to last.他始终是忠实的。loyaladj.指忠实履行自己的誓言或指一贯忠实于领导、国家、单位和道德准则，含有坚定不移的意味。We are loyal to our country.我们忠于自己的祖国。She is a loyal friend.她

13、是位忠实的朋友。truthful adj.在强调对个人情感上的忠诚程度时，语气比loyal 和 faithful强烈，主要强调诚实、不撒谎。A truthful man is one who habitually tells the truth.一个诚实的人是习惯说实话的。He gave me a truthful answer.精彩文档实用标准文案他给我一个坦诚的回答。pose, consist of, comprise, constitute (组成，构成）1 ）compose常用于被动语态。Be composed of表示“由 构成” ，用于主动语态时，一般包含“融合为一”的意思，主语是

14、复合名词或集合名词。Concrete is composed of cement, sand and gravel mixed with water.England, Scotland and Wales composes the island of Great Britain.2) consist of “由 构成”，强调结果是一个统一整体。New York City consists of five boroughs.3) comprise “由 构成”，也可表示“构成” 。The committee comprises men of widely different views.Fift

15、y states comprise the United States.4) constitute的主语可以是复数名词，也可以是单数名词，所“构成”的事物在属性和特征上，亦或在组织上与组成成分一致。Seven days constitutes a week.9.glorious， splendid，brilliant superb这四个词都有“辉煌的、壮丽的”之意splendid指人才华出众，成就辉煌；指物体外观雄伟美丽或光辉灿烂。The queen wore splendid jewels.女王戴着璀璨夺目的珠宝。brilliant比喻前程美好。He predicted a brillian

16、t future of the child.他预言那孩子前途无量。superb暗指“气派非凡,高级的”之意精彩文档实用标准文案The five star hotel offers superb cuisine.那家五星级的宾馆做的食物很出色。glorious指事迹等辉煌灿烂，景色等美丽壮观、值得赞赏或赞扬。Look at the glorious rainbow in the air.快看天空中那道美丽的彩虹啊。Her future could be more glorious even than her past.她的将来会比她的过去更加辉煌。10.speed, rate, pace都可以做

17、名词，都有速度的意思。speed一般指单位时间内所运动的距离，如：He drove at a speed of 70 miles per hour.We can t go any faster. We re already at top speed.rate 指比率，率，如速度，出生率，入学率等，指速度时，可与speed 换用，例如：She can read at the rate of 100 words a minute.He must pay at the rate of 10 percent.pace 主要指行走、跑步等的步速，也可指生活、生长、进展等方面的速度、进度等，例如：If y

18、ou advance one pace, I ll shoot you.The work progressed at a slow pace.11.exhausted, tired, worn out都作形容词，都有“累，疲惫”的意思tired为常见词，但本身没有指明精力的削减程度，例如：He became tired from hours reading.精彩文档实用标准文案exhausted指体力、精力的完全损耗，难以恢复或需要较长时间才可恢复，例如：He returned at last, too exhausted to eat anything.worn out指过度使用而失去价值或

19、功效。Hedivorcedhiswifebecausehewas erference, disturbancedisturbance强调的是扰动和扰乱秩序。More than l00 policemen were assigned to put down the disturbance in the street.一百多名警察被派去镇压街头的动乱。interference是指一般的“干扰、干涉”。The interference is originated from noise.干扰源于噪音。A

20、irlines will be able to set cheap fares without interference from the government.要是没有政府的干涉，航空公司就能够定低价。13.expand， extend ， enlarge stretchexpand表示长度、面积、体积等方面的扩张、膨胀，多含朝四面八方扩张或延伸之意。e.g. ： He expands his operation to include all aspects of the clothing business.他把他的经营扩展到服装生意的各个方面。extend意为“扩展、延伸” ，表示空间、时

21、间、土地等方面的扩展或延续，也表示将某事物延伸到所期望的地步，还可以表示将身体的各个部位尽可能地伸展开来。e.g. ： Can t you extend your visit for a few days?你不能多停留几天吗?精彩文档实用标准文案enlarge意为“扩大；增长” ，它可以指把照片放大、房子扩大、尺寸或空间扩大，也可以指体积、容积的增长，还可以指兴趣、活动范围等抽象观念的增加。e.g. ： The successful investment enlarged his personal fortune.成功的投资增加了他的财富。stretch意为“伸长；拉紧；展开” ，常指由曲变直

22、，由短变长的伸展，也可表示肢体的舒展，还可以表示时间、决定等超过了所规定的范围或限度。e.g.: The cables are designed not to stretch.电缆被设计成不可伸展的。Havingfinishedtheirmorningwork ， theclerksstoodupbehindtheirdesks,_A_ themselves.A. stretchingB. extendingC. prolongingD. Expanding14.remark, comment”谈论”，“评论”remark: 常用词，指议论、评价，常含有一种随便的意味，如I should be

23、 pleased to have your remark.Her absence of hair could hardly escape ment:强调批评性的评述。Some scathing comments were heard from visitors.在来宾那儿听到了一些尖刻的批评。It became a matter of cynical comment among the neighbors.精彩文档实用标准文案这件事成了邻居们冷嘲热讽的话题。15. rely, trust, depend“信任”“相信”rely 完全信任You are the only wo

24、man I can rely on.trust常强调基于没有说服力的证据的信仰产生的信心。We must try to trust one another. Stay and cooperate.depend意味着对另一个人的帮助或支持有信心，有“依 而定”的意思。It is fool hardy to depend on Middle Eastern countries for our oil supplies.我们依靠中东国家的石油供给是愚蠢的。16.abuse, misuse, mistreat“不公正对待” ，“伤害”，“滥用”abuse 最普通，指各种故意的或非故意的、言语上的辱骂或

25、行为上的伤害。如：He was always abusing people when he was drunk.The serf-owners had the right to beat, abuse or even kill the serfs at will.The professor plans to give a presentation on drug abuse in his lecture.misuse指不适当的使用，即“误用”，“滥用”，并不一定是有意的。He misused the idiom.He misused his knife at the table by lift

26、ing food with it.mistreat多用于美国英语，表示苛刻或残暴对待，如：The dog s owner mistreated it terribly.Themagistrateadministratedapublicthrashingtothelandlordwhohad精彩文档实用标准文案mistreated his brother.法官对那虐待兄弟的地主施以当众鞭笞。17.escape flee 两个词都有“逃跑”的含义escape 指逃离对自己的限制、对个人利益的危险等。He was recaptured after he escaped.他逃跑后又被逮捕了。flee

27、指因惧怕或避开危害而匆忙地逃遁，往往强调逃跑的行为动作。The enemy fled in disorder.敌人仓惶溃逃。Thousands have been compelled to flee the country.成千上万的人被迫逃离了祖国。He slammed the bedroom door behind him and fled.他摔上身后卧室的门逃走了。18.annoy ， bother，disturb， interfere interrupt这五个词都有“使.烦恼，使 .不安”之意bothervt., vi. 强调不停地“扰乱，烦扰，使人不得安宁”，强调动作，而不强调由此产

28、生的烦恼心理。(1) He comes bothering me with foolish questions day after day.他天天拿傻问题烦扰我。(2) I don't bother my head about office politics； they have no interest for me.我不愿为人际关系自寻烦恼，我对此毫无兴趣。(3) They can't see any reason for bothering about you.他们认为没有任何理由为你担心。disturb vt.扰乱，搅乱，惊动，使.紊乱，使 .不安 (在医学上可指精神错乱

29、)。精彩文档实用标准文案(1) Tom threw a stone into the water and disturbed the smooth surface of the lake.汤姆将一块石头扔进水中，扰乱了平静的湖面。(2) Don't disturb my things.别弄乱我的东西。(3)We were disturbed to hear of your illness.听到你生病的消息，我们深感不安。interfere vt.干扰，干涉。指通过一系列手段来干预他人或他人的事物。(1)An elder man interfered to stop the quarre

30、l.一位长者出面干涉来平息这场争吵。(2) It's not wise to interfere between husband and wife.干涉别人夫妻间的事是不明智的。interrupt vt.打断，中断。尤指中断某活动的连续性。(1) He interrupted me for several times when I was delivering a speech.我演讲时他数次打断我。(2) The traffic of the city was interrupted by a snowstorm.该市的交通被暴风雪阻断了。annoy指使人由于干扰、挫折或受不了某种外

31、界情况而感到“烦，烦恼”。(1) Try making a note of the things which annoy you.试着把让你心烦的事情都记录下来。(2) It annoyed me that I didn't have time to do more ironing.我没有更多的时间来熨衣服，可真让人烦。(3) We were greatly annoyed at losing the order.我们因失去订货单而感到异常烦恼。19.feeling， affection， emotion， sentiment，sensation passion这几个词都可指人的感觉或

32、者感受精彩文档实用标准文案feeling为最常用的词，它既可以指人的任何感情，也可以指生理上愉快或痛苦的感觉。I have no feeling in my injured finger.我受伤的指头没有任何感觉affection指长辈对小辈，父母对于女等所怀有的那种持久的温馨、慈爱之情。Every mother has affection towards her child.每个母亲都爱自己的孩子。emotion意义最为广泛，意为“感情；情绪”，指人的喜、怒、哀、乐、激动等情感，一般不带任何感情色彩。Love ， hatred and grief are all emotions.爱、恨、悲

33、痛都是人的情感。sentiment一般表示一种温柔、细腻的或多愁善感的情感，如怜悯、忧伤以及对过去岁月的缅怀等。 ，There is no sentiment in business affairs.生意场上没有怜悯之情。sensation指任何感觉器官接受的感觉、印象，也可指对来自体内或体外刺激的任何反应；作为不可数名词讲时，有“感觉力”的意思。She thoroughly gave herself up to the enjoyment of the sensations.她完全融入到愉快的感觉中去了。passion表示强烈的、深沉的而且是无法控制的感情，有时也表示仇恨、气愤等。20.de

34、vote & dedicatedevote指专心从事某一事业，往往出自热情、理想或个人的兴趣而为某目标、事业等作出贡献。I don t think we should devote any more time to this question.我想我们不应该再花时间谈论这个问题了。The scientist devoted himself to the cure of cancer.那位科学家致力于癌症的治疗研精彩文档实用标准文案究。dedicate是正式用语，表示为某一崇高的目标或事业献身，强调决心和信心：She dedicated her life to caring for ot

35、hers.她献身于照顾他人。He dedicated his life to service of his country.他终生报效祖国。21.vain, empty, hollow, bareadj.“空的”，“空着的”vain ：意为“空洞的” 。empty ：主要表示某空间没有人或物，无任何内容。hollow：表示物体内部是空的，如树、气球等。bare ：主要指某物表面上是空的、无装饰的。1 ） The cinema was half _.2) We ve made a _ attempt to make him change his mind.3) Don t sleep on _

36、boards.4) The poor girl went on for another ten miles on an _ stomach.5) The walls look solid, but in fact they re _.22.startle, frighten, terrify: v.“恐吓”startle:指短时间内叫人震惊的恐惧，可能造成突然的不由自己的身体不能动弹。I was startled at the news of his death.frighten:是最普通的词，仅表示“吓唬”或“使害怕”。Notwantingtofrightenthepoorman,Mrs.R

37、ichardsquicklyhidin thesmall精彩文档实用标准文案store-room under the stairs.terrify:含义是“使恐惧” ，这种恐惧是无法抵抗的，令人瘫痪的。Bruce drove at a terrify speed.23.adorn ， decorate ornamentv.这三个词都指在一种东西上增加一些装饰，以美化其外观adorn指装饰物不仅可以提高环境的美，而且本身就很美。Wild flowers adorned the river bank.野花点缀着河岸。ornament指装饰物作为附属品美化另一物。Whose bridle was o

38、rnamented with silver bells?谁的马套头上安有银制铃铛?decorate指装饰物作为通过增加色泽和花样消除了平淡无奇，该词使用比较广泛，尤其用于装饰地方或物品They decorated the tree for Christmas.他们把树装扮起来，供圣诞节用。24.own possess这两个词都有“拥有”的意思own指“有，拥有” ，比较通俗，往往指通过合法手段取得并长期占有。(1)Many households now own cars.现在许多家庭都有小汽车。(2)The houses are owned collectively by the compan

39、y.这些房子属公司集体所有。possess 指“ (使 .)占有， (使 .)拥有 (财产等 )，具有 (品质、才能等 )，掌握 (思想、语言、知识、技能等 )”，强调所有权，比较正式，也可以指通过任何手段取得或一时占有。精彩文档实用标准文案(1) He was arrested and charged with possessing an offensive weapon.他被捕了，并且因持有攻击性武器而被控告。(2) The family is possessed of a large fortune.这家人拥有大笔财产。25.ban, forbid, prohibit这三个词都可作及物动

40、词用，表示“禁止”ban 语气最重，指权威机关“正式禁止”。一般含有“严厉谴责”的意思，只能用于严重危害公众利益的事物，例如：The treaty bans all nuclear tests.forbid是普通用词，可用于较细小的事物， forbid sb. sth./ forbid sth./forbid sb. to do sth.如：He forbade his children sweets because he didn t want their teeth to be hibit指“（通过法律、 法令或严正警告）禁止某些事物” ，应用范围较ban 广， pro

41、hibitsb. from doing sth.,例如：In some countries the sale of alcoholic beverage is prohibited.26.create ， invent, discovercreate强调靠现有的技术、知识及想像力改造或创造出新的事物。He created many vivid characters in his novels.他在他的小说里创造了许多生动的角色。invent强调经过想象、思考或实验而创造出以前不存在的东西；James Watt invented the steam engine.詹姆斯·瓦特发明了蒸气

42、机。精彩文档实用标准文案discover指发现早己存在，只是先前末被人们知道或看到的事物。She discovered that her boyfriend was a liar.她发现她的男朋友是个骗子。The planet Pluto（冥王星）was discovered in 1930.27.alternate, alternativealternate轮流的，交替的：He comes here on alternate days.他隔一天到这儿来。alternative两者挑一的，另一个可选择的：We have two alternative courses; surrender or

43、 death.我们面前有两条路可选：要么投降，要么死亡。28.regardless, regardless ofregardless:副词，意为“不顾后果地，不管怎样，无论如何”We ll start at dawn, regardless.我们反正一定要在天一亮就出发。regardless of：介词词组，意为“不顾，不惜，不论”Regardless of wind and rain, they continued their journey.Fill in the blanks with“ regardless” and“ regardless of”_danger, he climbed

44、 the tower.There may be difficulties but I shall carry on _.I m buying the book _the cost.精彩文档实用标准文案Despite the problems, they carried on their reform _.29.sensible, sensitive, sentimentaladj.“感觉的”，“知觉的”sensible:“明智的，有判断力的”，也表示“可以感觉到的”You must be sensible, John. You don t have any reason to leave me

45、.sensitive:“敏感的，灵敏的”The stock exchange is sensitive to political disturbance.sentimental:“感情的”，“情绪的”，是相对于理性和实际而言的。She is very sentimental about animals.Most _ weight loss programs now recommend a combination of diet andexercise to slowly take off extra weight.Our noses and tongues are _ to certain chemical stimuli.She is so _! She cried all morning when she heard that her goldfish haddied.Mostchildrenare_ toanysignofreject