2018英语全国卷阅读理解详解

1、2018英语全国卷阅读理解详解2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英 语（阅读理解）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文&从每题所给的 A B、C和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWashington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantasticway to see the world-famous cherrytrees wit

2、h beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability and the cherry blossoms - disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bi

3、ke tour and view someof the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monumentsand memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration:

4、3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides willentertain youwith the most interestingstoriesaboutPresidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable

5、 bikes and a smooth tour route (路线)make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for evening of explorationin the heartWashington, D.C. Get up close to monuments and memorials as you bikean of the

6、 thesites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21. Which tour do you need to book in advance?A. Che

7、rry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington D.C.B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.D. Washington Capital Bicycle Tour.22. What will you do on the Tour?SitesCapitalA. Meet famous people. national park.C. Visit well-known museums.B.at NightCity BikeGo to a

8、D. Enjoyinteresting stories.23. Which of the following does the bicycletour at night provide?A. City maps.C. Meals.B. Cameras.lights.D. Safety解析：本篇文章讲的是华盛顿举办的几个自行车骑行活动，内容较简单。21. A. 细节理解题。原文中 Reserve your spot before availability对应题目中的book in advance0出题人喜欢将原文中的内容进行同义词或者同义句的 替换，这一点考生要多加注意。22. D.细节理解题。

9、根据设问快速定位其在原文中的位置，进行简单排除即可 得出 答案。 Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents GoodMorning Britain ' s Susanna Reid is23. D.细节理解题。由设问中的at night 定位到 Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour,然后由 All riders are equipped with reflective vests and sa

10、fety lights 得出答案。used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food

11、waste, while preparing recipes for under £ 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she' s been able to put a lot of what she' sIn Save Money: Good Food she visits alearnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.“We

12、love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant, " she explains."I pay £5 fora portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we ' re not aware howcheaply we can make this food ourselv

13、es.The eight-part series （系歹U节目）， Savea portion （一份），but Matt makesthem for 26PMoney: Good Food follows in the footsteps of ITV ' s Save Money: Good Health , which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household

14、expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight' sEaster special they come to the aid of a family in need of somedelicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family ' s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24

15、. What do we know about Susanna Reid?A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B. She has started a newprogramme.25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A. He buys cooking materials for her.B. He prepares food for herkids.C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a tight budget for her

16、 family.C. He assists her in cooking matters.D. Heinvites guest families for her.26. What does the author intend to do inparagraph 4?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.B. Provide some advice for thereaders.C. Add some background information.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion. 27. What can be a

17、 suitable title for the text?A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart Balancing Our Daily DietC. Making Yourself a Perfect Chef Cooking Well for LessB.D.解析：本文是关于 Susanna Reid所创办的一个新的节目 Save Money： GoodFood的介绍,for Less24.role 一教人们在日常生活中怎样用最少的钱做出美味的食物, ,文章难度不大。Cooking WellB.推理判断题。文章中 she is cooking up a storm i

18、n her latestshowing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious mealson a tight budget.还有后文中的The eight-partseries 者B可以推出 SusannaReid开办了一个新的电视节目。25. C.细节理解题。In Save Money: GoodFood, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tipson how to reduce food

19、waste可知Matt Tebbutt 的作用是给Susanna Reid提供建议。26. C.推理判断题。定位到第四段follows in the footsteps ofITV' s Save Money: Good Health 可知，这一段主要讲的是这档节目的灵感来 源，所以答案选C.27. D.主旨大意题。本文主要是对 Save Money: Good Food这档节目的 介绍，文章第一段 showing families howto prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget 说明了这档节目的目的，所以

20、D选项正是对这句话的 最好诠释。Languages have been coming and going for xl _ £ I X _J Xrthni iQinnQctvaara ni itin raranttimaao 11 usai iisi z aisu l i i i receiiL Liiiies, , , , ,系）groupsspeech independent of each other.there has been less coming and a lot more going. Whenthe world was still populated by hun

21、ter-gatherers, small, tightly knit （联Some系）groups developed their own patterns oflanguage experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.languages to disap languages such asr, and dominant lish, Spanish andi

22、ng over.Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 ,*BI,Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling downto becomefarmers, and their languages too becamemore settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the n

23、ation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused manyby many people, lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven

24、. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken .while hot, wet zones haveare spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of6,800 l亡)，wianguage ith onlyes are close to extinction(消 left.a few elderly speakersPick, at random, Busuu in Cameroo

25、nlanguages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for z well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which meansthat half the world ' s languages(150), Lipan Ap (two or three)(eight remaining

26、 speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico ache in the United Statesor Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number.C. They had simi

27、lar patterns. D. They were closely connected.29. Which ofthe following best explains “dominant" underlined in paragraph 2?A. Complex.B. Advanced.C. Powerful.D. Modern.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A. About 6,800.B.About3,400.C. About 2,400.D.About1,200.3

28、1. What is the main idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B. People / s lifestyles are reflected in languages.C. Human development results in fewer languages.D. Geography determines language evolution.解析：本文主要讲的是随着人类的发展，语言的种类却越来越少，很多语言已 经灭绝或者濒临灭绝，这是全球化和工业化带来的副作用需要引起我们的重视。28. B.推理判断题。本题的答案

29、主要出自第一段，只要认真研读，进行 简单的排除，答案不难选出。Somelanguage experts believe that 10,000 years ago, whenthe world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.这句话是答案的出处。29. C.词义猜测题。词语出自第二段。Dominant这个词应该是比较常见的，只要考生平时注意词汇积累这个词应该能认识，所以我们在平时的英语学 习中一定要注意词汇的积累。假如不认识的话，后边的例子中例举了Engl

30、ish,Spanish and Chinese 还有词组take over 这些线索都可以帮助我们来猜测词30. B推理判断题。答案出自第三段 The median number （中位数）of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world ' s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.结合前面的 At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.这两句话就可以把答案推出来，6800和half 是关键词。31. C.

31、主旨大意题。本篇文章结构清晰，第一段是总领全文，提出观点 in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going。第二段是解释原因，第三段是对现状的介绍，第四段是举例子。所以答案很容易选 出。本篇文章考生可以注意出题人的出题范围，前三题分别出自前三段，第四题是 对全文的考查，这也是出题人出题的一个暗含的线索，考生应该多加关注。,DWemay think we' re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of someth

32、ing shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices （装 置）well after they go out of style. That s bad news for the environment and our wallets as these outdated devices consume muchmore energy than the newer ones that do the same things.throughout its life from whenits mineral

33、s are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmenta

34、l costs for each product2007.Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. AndMP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up inAs weaccumula

35、ted more devices, however,we didn ' t throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids ' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house, " said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four

36、per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We ' re not just keeping these old devices- wecontinue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt ' s team, 01d desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse g

37、as emissions （排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what' s the solution （解决方案）？ The team' s data only went up to 2007, but theresearchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a ta

38、blet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly. B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitt ' s team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost o