科技英语单词

1、P16Surfacewater地表水Totalsolid总固体Groundwater地下水Scale-forming结垢Finishedwaters处理后的水Per-capitausage人均用量Color色度Turbidity浊度Taste味道Odor臭味Nitrate硝态氮Harmfulmetalions有害金属离子Organicchemicals有机化学物质Pesticide农药Chlorinatedsolvent氯代溶剂.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency美国环保局Hardness硬度P17disposal处置Drainageorsewersystem排水或污水

2、系统Purificationortreatmentfacilities净化或处理设施effectivenessoftreatmentprocesses处理工艺的有效性Biochemical生化的Physicochemical物理化学的Organicandnitrogenloading有机和氮负荷Ammonia氨气Dissolvedoxygen溶解氧Pollutionalload污染负荷Streampurificationcapacity河流净化容量Effluentqualityoreffluentstandard出水质量或出水标准Nitrogenfertilizer氮肥Organicchemi

3、cals有机化学物质Municipalwastewatertreatmentplant(MWTP)市政污水处理厂P18Inorganicchemistry无机化学Colloidalchemistry胶体化学Radiochemistry放射化学Contamination污染Cleanup清理Analyticalchemistry分析化学Sampling采样Separation分离Quantification量化Leachate渗滤液Aquifer水体P19Urbanpopulation城市人口Populationdensity人口密度combustion燃烧Incinerator焚烧炉Parti

4、culatematter颗粒物质Visible可见的Atmosphericinversion大气逆温Respiratorytract呼吸道Photochemical光化学的Unsaturatedhydrocarbon不饱和烃Automobileexhaustgases汽车尾气Ozone臭氧Formaldehyde甲醛Radioactivematerials放射性物质Nuclearpowerplant核电厂Solarenergy太阳能Biomass生物质Ultravioletradiation紫外辐射Carbondioxide二氧化碳Methane甲烷Chlorofluorocarbons氟利昂

5、Greenhousegases温室气体P23organicchemistry有机化学synthesis合成liquid水体中by-product副产物impurities杂质organicload有机负荷formaldehyde甲醛methanol甲醇vital-forcetheory生命力理论ammoniumcyanate氰化胺urea尿素P24Elements（元素）hydrocarbon烷烃nitrogen氮phosphorous磷sulfur硫halogen卤素P25Properties（性质）combustible可燃的meltingpoint熔点boilingpoint沸点solu

6、ble可溶的formula分子式isomerism同分异构molecular分子的ionic离子的molecularweight分子量Bacteria细菌Sources（来源）fibers纤维cellulose纤维素starch淀粉alkaloids生物碱fermentation发酵acetone丙酮glycerol甘油antibiotics抗生素acid酸microorganism微生物P27Isomerism（同分异构现象）isomer同分异构体hydroxyacid羟基酸structuralformula结构分子式aliphatic脂肪族aromatic芳香族heterocyclic杂环

7、的Hydrocarbon（烃）Saturatedhydrocarbons饱和烃Unsaturatedhydrocarbons不饱和烃Paraffinseries链烷烃系列petroleum石油gasoline汽油Dieselfuel柴油Methane甲烷Marshgas沼气Naturalgas天然气Gasengines燃气发动机Firedamp瓦斯Greenhousegas温室气体Stratosphere同温（平流）层P28methane甲烷ethane乙烷propane丙烷butane丁烷normal正N-butane正丁烷Prefixiso-前缀isobutane异丁烷Straightch

8、ain直链Branched-chain支链Roomtemperature室温Homologousseries同族系列Generalformula通用分子式P30nomenclature系统命名法IUPAC（InternationalUnionofPureandAppliedChemistry）国际纯粹化学和应用化学联合会strongbase强碱strongacid强酸oxidizingagent氧化剂concentratedsulfuricacid浓缩的硫酸Oxidation氧化substitution取代pyrolysis高温裂解cracking裂化high-molecular-weight

9、高分子量petroleumindustry石油工业chemicalsynthesis化学合成terminalcarbonatoms末端碳原子omegaoxidation末端氧化intermediatesteps中间步骤P32Unsaturatedhydrocarbonsethyleneseries烯类doublebond双键alkenes链烯ethylene乙烯propylene丙烯butylene丁烯pyrolysisofpetroleum石油高温裂解diolefins二烯烃polyenes多烯acetyleneseries炔类triplebond三键P34syntheticrubber合成

10、橡胶oxidation氧化反应aqueoussolution水溶液potassiumpermanganate高锰酸钾reduction还原反应glycol乙二醇catalysis催化剂addition加成反应halogenacid卤酸hypochlorousacid高氯酸polymerization聚合反应polymer聚合物resin树脂fiber纤维rubber橡胶detergent洗涤剂bacterialoxidation细菌氧化P35Alcohols（醇类）alcohol醇类aerobiccondition好氧条件degradation降解hydroxyalkyl氢氧烷基ionize离

11、子化neutral中性的classification分类primaryalcohol伯醇secondaryalcohol仲醇tertiaryalcohol叔醇P36isopropylalcohol异丙醇methylalcohol甲醇ethylalcohol乙醇n-butylalcohol正丁醇carbonmonoxide一氧化碳enzyme酶glucose葡萄糖industrialalcohol工业酒精distillation蒸馏hydration水合反应cornstarch玉米淀粉waxysolid蜡状固体hexadecanol十六醇alkylgroup烷基团hydroxylgroup羟基团

12、2-methyl-1-propanol2-甲基-1-丙醇polyhydroxyalcohol多羟基醇pethyleneglycol乙烯二醇aldehydes醛ketones酮carbonylgroup羰基P41Ozonide臭氧化物steampowerplant蒸汽发电机internalcombustionengines内燃机embalming防腐biologicalspecimens生物标本dilution稀释toxicitythresholds毒性阈值nontoxic无毒的activatedsludge活性污泥P42-P44acetaldehyde乙醛condensation缩合aldeh

13、yderesinpaint醛类树脂颜料dimethylketone双甲基酮methylethylketone甲乙酮2-butanol2-丁醇solvent溶剂monocarboxylicacid单羧基酸polycarboxylicacid多羧基酸hydroxylgroup羟基P48Ester酯hydrolysis水解reversiblereaction逆反应generalformula通用分子式butylacetate乙酸丁酯perfumes香水flavoringextracts调味料odor气味immiscible难溶的separation分离purification纯化antibiotic

14、s抗生素hydrolyze水解P49ether醚strongdehydratingagents强脱水剂fragments断裂flammable可燃的diethylether乙醚anesthetic麻醉剂flotation上浮decantation沉淀alkylhalide卤化烃halogenatedaliphaticcompounds卤代脂肪化合物industrialwastewater工业废水municipalwastewater市政污水maximumcontaminantlevels（MCL）S最大污染水平volatile挥发性pollutants污染物P50vinylchloride氯乙

15、烯phosphorous磷bromide溴化物potassiumcyanide氰化钾nitrile腈carbonchain碳链methylchloride一氯甲烷ethylchloride一氯乙烷refrigerant制冷剂P51lead铅polyvinylchloride聚氯乙烯contaminatedgroundwater受污染的地下水sanitary卫生的carcinogen致癌的airpollutant空气污染ethylenedibromide（EDB）1，2-二溴乙烷pesticide杀虫剂ingredient成分dichloromethane二氯甲烷chlorination氯化反应

16、P52chloroform氯仿nonflammable不可燃的microgram微克disinfection消毒naturalwater天然水phosgene（COCl2）光气halogenatedethanes卤乙烷industrialsolvent工业溶剂halogenatedethenes卤乙烯degreaser除油器P53-P56dibromochloropropane（DBCP）chloroflurocarbon氟氯烃Tradename商品名Freon氟利昂fluorine氟ultravioletradiation紫外光辐射greenhousegas温室气体ozonedestruct

17、ion臭氧层破坏greenhouseeffect温室效应P57-P61Aromaticcompoundscyclicgroup环基aromaticcompound芳香族化合物aliphaticcompound脂肪族化合物benzenering苯环parentcompound母体化合物kekuleformula凯库勒分子式polycyclicaromatichydrocarbons（PAHS多环芳姓：P62combustionproduct燃烧产物chimneysweeps烟道清扫creosote防腐油chlorinatedaromaticcompound含氯芳香烃化合物polychlorina

18、tedbiphenyls多氯联苯chlorinatedbenzene氯苯P63hydrophobic疏水性dichlorobenzene二氯苯congener同类vaporpressure蒸气压capacitor电容器plasticizer增塑性biodegrade生物降解anaerobicmicroorganisms厌氧微生物P64phenols酚monohydricphenol一羟基酚carbolicacid碳酸ionize电离germicide杀菌剂hemicellulose半纤维Heterocycliccompounds杂环化合物Dye染料P71Sugar糖Carbohydrate碳水

19、化合物monosaccharide单糖Disaccharide双糖polysaccharide多糖hexose乙糖glucose葡萄糖xylose木糖Galactose半乳糖Lacticacid乳酸P75Condensationproduct浓缩产品Starch淀粉Cellulose纤维Hemicellulose半纤维amylase直链淀粉amylopectin支链淀粉iodine碘indicator指示剂mammals哺孚L动物structuralfiber结构纤维sulfite亚硫酸盐sulfate硫酸盐pulping纸浆subunit亚单位digestivetract消化系统rumina

20、nt反刍动物P77-P84suspension悬浮液preliminarytreatment预处理sedimentation沉积作用anaerobicdigestion厌氧消化filtration过滤centrifugation离心incineration焚烧pentose戊糖lignin木质素resin树脂pitch柏油脂pulpingprocess造纸工艺derivation衍生物yeast酵母菌P85-P86protein蛋白质insulin胰岛素amino氨基ribonuclease核糖核酸hemoglobin血红蛋白nitrogen氮oxygen氧iron铁hydrolyticenz

21、yme水解酶P87-P96detergent洗涤剂ingredient成分surface-activeagent表面活性剂surfactant表面活性物质polar极性sodium钠potassium钾rodent利齿动物insect昆虫categorize分类herbicide除草剂algicide除藻剂fungicide除菌剂chemicalproperties化学特性toxicproperties毒性traceorganics微量有机物concentration浓度impurity杂质epidemiological流行病学statisticalstudy统计学P97organ器官kidn

22、ey肾liver肝extraction萃取gaschromatography(GC)气相色谱liquidchromatography(LC)液相色谱hexane正乙烷immune免疫的exudate渗出物decomposition分解polymeric聚合phenolic苯酚的humicsubstance腐殖质excneta排泄物aquaticplant水生植物potentialhazard潜在危险P100Solubility溶解性Hydrophobicity疏水性Polarity极性Volatility挥发性Density密度Sorption吸附Transformation转换Partiti

23、oning分配Photochemical光化学的P125Standardmethod标准方法Partspermillion(ppm)Partsperbillion(ppb)Partspertrillion(ppt)Internationalsystemofunits(SI)Milligramsperliter(mg/L)Microgramsperliter(ag/L)nanogramsperliter(ng/L)P133generaloperation一般操作keystone关键fieldinvestigation野外调查specializedcourse专业课程P134sample采样ins

24、tantaneously瞬间的frequencyofsample采样频率grabsample随机采样Compositedsample组合样品atregularintervals一定间隔detentiontime停留时间P135influent进水effluent出水apparatus装置reagent化学试剂solubility溶解度coefficientofexpansion膨胀系数specification规格precipitation沉淀purity纯度ignition灼烧purification纯化P136weightanalysis重量分析membrane膜boundwater结合水

25、filterpaper滤纸glassfiberfilter玻璃纤维滤纸porosity孔隙bariumsulfate硫酸钡ferrichydroxide氢氧化铁vessel容器drainage排水drying烘干freewater自由水crystallization结晶P137volatilization挥发decomposition分解desiccation干燥evaporationdish蒸发皿crucible坩埚moisture湿度relativehumidity相对湿度desiccator干燥器anhydrouscalciumchloride无水氯化钙analyticalbalance

26、分析天平P139fixedsolid固定固体volatilesolid挥发固体timeconsuming消耗时间的constantweight恒重grossweight毛重netweight净重porcelain陶瓷platinumware铂制器皿pretreatment预处理P140semisolidsample半固体样品volumetricanalysis容积分析standardsolution标准溶液glassware玻璃器皿suitablestrength适当强度stoichiometricendpoint化学当量终点八'、calibrate校正buret滴定管cylinder

27、量筒calibratedglassware标正玻璃器皿Indicator指示剂P141-P157pipet移液管chromicacid铬酸normalsolution当量溶液primarystandard一级标准secondarystandard二级标准acidtitration酸滴定basetitration碱滴定oxidationreductionmethods氧化还原方法calculation计算colorimetry比色法spectrophotometer分光光度计monochromaticlight单色光wavelength波长linearcoordinatepaper直角坐标纸nitrite亚硝酸根calibration校正turbidimetry浊度剂法nephelometry悬浮法precision精度Accuracy精确度P160Regulatory法规acidrain酸雨ozonelayer臭氧层WorldHealthOrganization世界卫生组织Pollutionawareness污染意