高英II-2课文后练习+答案

1、高英II-2课文后练习：I.Writeshortnoteson:MarrakechandMorocco.SuggestedReferenceBooksSRB1. anystandardgazetteer2. EncyclopaediaBritannicaMarrakech:inwestcentralMorocco,attheNorthernfootofthehighAtlas,130milessouthofCasablanca,thechiefseaport.Thecityrenownedforleathergoods,isoneoftheprincipalcommercialcenterso

2、fMorocco.Itwasfoundedin1062andwasthecapitalofMoroccofromthenuntil1147andagainfrom1550to1660.ItwascapturedbytheFrenchin1912,whenitsmoderngrowthbegan.Ithasextremelyhotsummersbutmildwinters.Yearlyrainfallis9inchesandlimitedtowintermonths.ThecitywasformerlyalsocalledMorocco.Morocco:LocatedinNorthAfrica,

3、ontheMediterraneanSeaandtheAtlanticOcean.MoroccoisthefarthestwestofalltheArabcountries.Rabatisthecapital.Theestimatedpopulationin1973was15,600,000.About2000B.C.itwassettledbyBerbertribes,whohaveformedthebasisofthepopulationeversince.TheArabsinvadedMoroccointhe7thcentury,bringingwiththemIslam.Fromthe

4、endofthe17thcenturyuntiltheearly19thcenturyMoroccowasalmostentirelyfreefromforeigninfluence.Butin1912,aFranco-SpanishagreementdividedMoroccointo4administrativezones.Itgainedindependencein1956andbecameaconstitutionalmonarchyin1957.MoroccoisamemberoftheUnitedNations,theLeagueofArabStates,andtheOrganiz

5、ationofAfricanUnity.Moroccansaremainlyfarmers(70%)whotrytogrowtheirownfood.Theyoftenusecamels,donkeysandmulestopulltheirplows.Inthesouthafewtribesmenstill,wanderfromplacetoplaceinthedesert.II.Questionsoncontent:1. Insteadoftellingthereaderthatthenativesarepoor,Orwellshowspovertyinatleastfiveways.Ide

6、ntifythem.Herearefivethingshedescribestoshowpoverty-(a)theburialofthepoorinhabitants(b)anArabNavvy,anemployeeofthemunicipality,beggingforapieceofbread(c)themiserablelivesoftheJewsintheghettoes(d)cultivationofthepoorsoil;(e)theoldwomencarryingfirewood.2. HowarepeopleburiedinMarrakechSeeparagraphs1and

7、23. Explainthesentence,"Allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthatfact."(para3)Alltheimperialistsbuilduptheirempiresbytreatingthepeopleinthecoloniesasanimalsinsteadofashumanbeings.4. WhatdoyouthinkmedievalghettoeswerelikeMedievalghettoeswereprobablyliketheJewishquartersinMarrakech-overc

8、rowded,thousandsofpeoplelivinginanarrowstreet,housescompletelywindowless,andthewholeareadirtyandunhygienic.5. Whydoesthewritersay,"Agoodjob.Hitlerwasn'there"IfHitlerwerehere,alltheJewswouldhavebeenmassacred大规模屠杀.6. Whatkindofpeople,accordingtoOrwell,arepartlyinvisibleWhydoeshestressthi

9、spointThosewhoworkwiththeirhandsarepartlyinvisible.It'sonlybecauseofthisthatthestarvedcountriesofAsiaandAfricaareacceptedastouristresorts.Thepeoplearenottreatedashumanbeings,anditisonthisfactthatallcolonialempiresareinrealityfounded.7. HowwaslandcultivatedinMoroccoSeeparagraph188. Whywastheoldwo

10、mansurprisedwhenthewritergaveherafive-soupieceTheoldwomanwassurprisedbecausesomeonewastakingnoticeofherandtreatingherasahumanbeing.Sheacceptedherstatusasanoldwoman,thatistosay,asabeastofburden.9. WhatdideverywhitemanthinkwhenhesawablackarmymarchingpastEverywhitemanthought."Howmuchlongercanwegoo

11、nkiddingthesepeopleHowlongbeforetheyturntheirgunsintheotherdirection"Theyknewtheycouldnotgoonfoolingtheseblackpeopleanylonger.Somedaytheywouldriseupinrevoltandfreethemselves.III.Questionsonappreciation:1. Thethingsofvalue,Orwellsaysin"WhyIWrite,"arealwayspolitical.Isthisessaypolitical

12、HasthewritersaidanythingofvalueYes,itis.InthisessayOrwelldenouncestheevilsofcolonialismorimperialismbymercilesslyexposingthepoverty,miseryanddegradationofthenativepeopleinthecolonies.2. Orwelldescribeshumansufferingandmiseryratherobjectively.HowthencanyoutellthatheisoutragedatthespectacleofmiseryHem

13、anagestoshowthatheisoutragedatthespectacleofmisery,first,throughtheappropriateuseofwordssecond,throughthecleverchoiceofthesceneshedescribes;third,throughthetoneinwhichhedescribesthesescenesandfinally,bycontrastingtheindignationatthecruelhandlingofthedonkeywiththeunconcerntowardsthefateofthehumanbein

14、gs.3. WhydoesthewriterrevealhisfeelingsaboutthedonkeysbutconcealhisfeelingsaboutthepeopleWhateffectdoesthiscontrasthaveonthereaderBecausethatshowsthecrueltreatmentthedonkeysreceiveevokesagreaterfeelingofsympathyinthebreastsofthewhitemastersthanthemiserablefateofthepeople.Thiscontrasthaveonthereadera

15、neffectthatthepeoplearenotconsiderednortreatedashumanbeings.4. Couldparas4-7justaswellcomeafter8-15asbeforeCouldothergroupsofparagraphsberearrangedWhatdoesthisindicateabouttheorganizationWhatgivestheessaycoherenceParagraphs4-7couldaswellcomeafter8-15asbefore.Othergroupsofparagraphscouldberearranged.

16、Thisindicatesthatthewholepassageismadeupofvariousindependentexamplesorillustrationsofthepeople'spovertyandsuffering.Thecentraltheme-allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthisfact-givesunityandcohesiontothewholeessay.5. DoesthisessaygivereadersanewinsightintoimperialismHasthewritersucceededins

17、howingthatimperialismisan"evilthing"Thisessaygivesanewinsightintoimperialism.Yes,hehassucceededinshowingthatimperialismisan"evilthing".6. CommentonOrwell'slucidstyleandfineattentiontosignificantdescriptivedetails.Orwellisgoodattheappropriateuseofsimplebutforcefulwordsandthecl

18、everchoiceofthesceneshedescribes.Hislucid明畅,清楚的styleandfineattentiontosignificantdescriptivedetailsefficientlyconveyedtothereadersthecentralidea"allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthisfact",thefactthatthepeoplearenotconsideredortreatedashumanbeings.IV. Paraphrase:1. Theburying-ground

19、ismerelyahugewasteofhummockyearth,likeaderelictbuilding-lot.(para2)Theburing-groundisnothingmorethanahugepieceofwastelandfullofmoundsofearthlookinglikeadesertedandabandonedpieceoflandonwhichabuildingwasgoingtobeputup.2. Allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthatfact.(para3)Alltheimperialistsbuild

20、uptheirempiresbytreatingthepeopleinthecolonieslikeanimals(bynottreatingthepeopleinthecoloniesashumanbeings).3. Theyriseoutoftheearth,theysweatandstarveforafewyears,andthentheysinkbackintothenamelessmoundsofthegraveyard(para3)Theyareborn.Thenforafewyearstheywork,toilandstarve.Finallytheydieandareburi

21、edingraveswithoutaname.4. Acarpentersitscrossleggedataprehistoriclathe,turningchair-legsatlightningspeed.(para9)Sittingwithhislegscrossedandusingaveryold-fashionedlathe,acarpenterquicklygivesaroundshapetothechair-legsheismaking.5. Instantly,fromthedarkholesallround,therewasafrenziedrushofJews(para10

22、)Immediatelyfromtheirdarkhole-likecellseverywhereagreatnumberofJewsrushedoutwildlyexcited.6. everyoneofthemlooksonacigaretteasamoreorlessimpossibleluxury(para10)EveryoneofthesepoorJewslookedonthecigaretteasapieceofluxurywhichtheycouldnotpossiblyafford.7. Still,awhiteskinisalwaysfairlyconspicuous.(pa

23、ra16)However,awhite-skinnedEuropeanisalwaysquitenoticeable.8. Inatropicallandscapeone'seyetakesineverythingexceptthehumanbeings.(para16)Ifyoutakealookatthenaturalsceneryinatropicalregion,youseeeverythingbutthehumanbeings.9. NoonewouldthinkofrunningcheaptripstotheDistressedAreas.(para17)Noonewoul

24、dthinkoforganizingcheaptripsforthetouriststovisitthepoorslumareas(forthesetripswouldnotbeinteresting)10. fornine-tenthsofthepeopletherealityoflifeisanendless,backbreakingstruggletowringalittlefoodoutofanerodedsoil(para17)lifeisveryhardforninetypercentofthepeopleWithhardbackbreakingtoiltheycanproduce

25、alittlefoodonthepoorsoil11. Sheacceptedherstatusasanoldwoman,thatistosayasabeastofburden.(para19)Shetookitforgrantedthatasanoldwomanshewasthelowestinthecommunity，that。shewasonlyfitfordoingheavyworklikeananimal12. Peoplewithbrownskinsarenextdoortoinvisible.(para21)Peoplewithbrownskinsarealmostinvisib

26、le13. Theirsplendidbodieswerehiddeninreach-me-downkhakiuniforms(para23)TheSenegalessoldierswerewearingready-madekhakiuniformswhichhidtheirbeautifulwell-builtbodies14. Howlongbeforetheyturntheirgunsintheotherdirection(para25)Howmuchlongerbeforetheyturntheirgunsaroundandattackus15. Everywhitemanthereh

27、adthisthoughtstowedsomewhereorotherinhismind.(para26)Everywhiteman，theonlookers，theofficersontheirhorsesandthewhiteNCOsmarchingwiththeblacksoldiers，hadthisthoughthiddensomewhereorotherinhismindV. Translateparas20and21intoChinese.20然而这些人的真正奇特之处还在于他们的隐身的特性。一连几个星期，每天在几乎同一时候总有一队老妪扛着柴草从我房前蹒跚走过。虽然她们的身影已映人

28、我的眼帘，但老实说，我并不曾看见她们。我所看见的是一捆捆的柴草从屋外掠过。直到有一天我碰巧走在她们身后时，一堆柴草奇异的起伏动作才使我注意到原来下面有人。我这才第一次看见那些与泥土同色的可怜老妪的躯体一些枯瘦得只剩下皮包骨头、被沉重的负荷压得弯腰驼背的躯体。然而，我踏上摩洛哥国土还不到五分钟就已注意到驴子的负荷过重，并为此感到愤怒。驴子遭到苛虐，这是无疑的事实。摩洛哥的驴子不过如一只瑞士雪山救人犬一般大小，可它驮负的货物重量在英国军队里让一头五英尺高的大骡子来驮都嫌过重。而且，它还常常是一连几个星期不卸驮鞍。尤其让人觉得可悲的是，它是世上最驯服听话的牲畜。不需要鞍辔或缰绳。它便会像狗一样跟随着

29、自己的主人。为主人拼命干上十几年活后，它便猝然倒地死去，这时，主人便把它扔进沟里，尸体未寒，其五脏六腑便被村狗扒出来吃掉。21这种事情当然令人发指，可是，一般说来，人的苦难却没人理会。我并非在乱发议论，只不过是指出一个事实而已。褐种人简直就是一种无影无形之物。一头背上被磨得皮破肉烂的驴子人人见了都会同情，而那驮着大捆柴草的老妇人则往往要有某种偶然因素才会受到注意。VI. Lookupthedictionaryandexplainthemeaningoftheitalicizedwords:1. wailingashortchantoverandoveragain(para2)chant：wor

30、dsrepeatedinamonotonoustoneofvoice2. anArabnavvyworkingonthepathnearby(para6)navvy：abbreviationof“navigator”，aBritishwordmeaninganunskilledlaborer，asoncanals，roads，etc3. hestoweditgratefully(para7)stow：putorhideawayinasafeplace4. hisleftlegiswarpedoutofshape(para9)warp：bend，curve，ortwistoutofshape5.

31、 astheJewsliveinaself-containedcommunity(para11)self-contained：self-sufficient；havingwithinoneselforitselfallthatisnecessary6. theploughisawretchedwoodenthing(para18)wretched：poorinquality，veryinferior7. allofthemaremummifiedwithageandthesun(para19)mummified：thinandwithered，lookinglikeamummy8. their

32、splendidbodieswerehiddeninreach-me-downkhakiuniforms(para23)reach-me-down：(Britishcolloquialism)second-handorready-madeclothing9. sohadtheofficersontheirsweatingchargers(para26)charger：ahorseriddeninbattleoronparadeVII. Discriminatethefollowinggroupsofsynonyms:1. wail,cry,weep,sob,whimper,moancry指因痛

33、苦、忧伤或悲哀而发出悲切的声音，并伴以流泪。weep更具体，强调流泪；sob指呜呜咽咽、一吸一顿地哭泣；wail指无法抑制悲哀而拖长声调痛哭；whimper指像受惊的小孩一样声音压抑地、时断时续地哭；moan则指因悲伤或痛苦而低声地、拖长声调地哀叹。2. frenzy,mania,delirium,hysteriamania本指狂郁精神病所表现出的症状，具体表现为喜怒无常，时哭时笑，行为不能自制；delirium指暂时性精神极端错乱(如酒醉发烧时)，具体表现为烦躁不安、语无伦次和产生幻觉；frenzy是非医学用语，指狂暴不能自制。hysteria在精神病学上指心因性紊乱，表现为容易激动、焦躁不

34、安、感官和运动功能紊乱以及不自觉地模拟眼瞎、耳聋等。用于引申义时，mania指对于某事的爱好达到狂热的程度，成为癖好，如amaniafordrinking(嗜酒)；delirium指极度兴奋，如adeliriumofjoy(狂喜)；hysteria指强烈的、不可控制的感情爆发，如：Shelaughedandcriedinherhysteria(她又是笑又是哭，感情难以控制。)3. glisten,glitter,flash,shimmer,sparkleflash指突发的、短暂而耀眼的闪光；gleam指黑暗中闪现出的一束稳定的光线；sparkle指星星点点的闪光；glitter指由物体反射出的

35、星星点点的闪光；glisten指外部亮光反射于沾水的平面上而显出的光亮；shimmer指由微波荡漾的水面反照出的柔和的闪光。SuggestedReferenceBooksSRB1. Webster'sNewWorldDictionaryoftheAmericanLanguage2. Webste'sNewDictionaryofSynonyms3. Reade'sDigest,UsetheRightWordVIII. Studytheformationofthefollowingcompoundnounsandlist5-10examplesofeach:1. hury

36、ing-groundburying-ground(verbalnounin-ing+noun)：drinkingcup，hidingplace，divingboard，waitingroom，freezingpoint，carvingknife，writingdesk，typingpaper，swimmingsuit2. gravestonegravestone(noun+noun)：oilwell，silkworm蚕，shirt-sleeves，girl-friend，gaslight煤气灯，bloodstain，血迹frogman，蛙人window-pane窗格玻璃3. mid-airmi

37、d-air(adjective+noun):half-brother同母异父(或同父异母)兄弟,black-market,half-pay减半薪水,darkroom暗房，madman，double-talk含糊其词的言谈,空话，hothouse温室,温床，handyman手巧之人,受雇做杂事的人4. overcrowdingovercrowding(adverb+verbalnounin-ing):dry-cleaning，overeating，oversleeping，deep-freezing,underpricing抑价,underrating低估,down-grading品位降低,up

38、-dating升级5. nine-tenthsnine-tenths(adjfromacardinalnumber+noun,fromanordinalnumber):one-fifth,two-sixths,three-eighths,one-ninthSuggestedReferenceBooksSRB1. anystandarddictionary2. anybookonlexicologyorwordbuildingIX. Inthisessay,thewritermakeseffectiveuseofspecificverbs.List10specificverbsyouconsid

39、erusedmosteffectivelyandgiveyourreasons.1. "thread"asin"Thelittlecrowdofmourners.threadedtheirwayacrossthemarket",indicatingthatthemarketwassocrowdedthatthecrowdcouldhardlypassthrough.2. "rise","sweat","starve",and"sink"asin"Theyriseou

40、toftheearth,theysweatandstarveforafewyears,andthentheysinkbackintothenamelessmoundsofthegraveyard"-",givingadeepimpressionofhowthesepeopleliveashortandmiserablelife.3. "sidle"asin"AnArabnavvyworkingonthepathnearbyloweredhisheavyhoeandsidledslowlytowardsus",showingclearl

41、yhowashymanwalkedcarefully.4. "grope"asin"Evenablindman.'.heardarumourofcigarettesandcamecrawlingout,gropingintheairwithhishand",presentingaclearpictureofablindmandesiringtogetacigarette.5. "mummify"asin"Allofthemaremummifiedwithageandthesun"-",aforce

42、fulwordindicatingwhatamiserablestatethosewomenarein.6. "hobble"asin"thefileofoldwomenhadhobbledpastthehousewiththeirfirewood",indicatingthatthesewomencouldnotwalkproperlybecauseoftheheavyloadtheywerecarrying.7. "tip"asin"itsmastertipsitintotheditch",showinghow

43、casuallyamasterdealswithhisdeaddogwhichhasservedhimdevotedly.8. "stow"asin"Itoreoffapieceandhestoweditgratefullyinsomesecretplaceunderhisrags",designatinghowmuchthepoornavvytreasuredthatpieceofbread.X. Eachofthefollowingsentencesmaybemademorecompactbypropersubordination.Rewriteth

44、em,usingsubordinateclauses,appositives,prepositionalorverbalphrases:1.TheBritisharmyhadlostallitsequipmentatDunkirk,andtherewasonlyasinglearmoreddivisionlefttoprotectthehomeisland.AftertheBritisharmyhadlostallitsequipmentatDunkirk,therewasonlyasinglearmoreddivisonlefttoprotectthehomeisland.2.Thedryp

45、rairielandwilldriftawayinduststorms,butitisstillbeingplowedforprofitlesswheatfarming.Althoughthedryprairielandwilldriftawayinduststorms,itisstillbeingplowedforprofitlesswheatfarming.3. Theeducationalprogrammaysucceed,butithastohavemorethanmerefinancialsupportfromthegovernment.Iftheeducationalprogram

46、istosucceed,ithastohavemorethanmerefinancialsupportfromthegovernment.4. Theyhavewastedtheirnaturalresources,buttheyshouldhaveprotectedandconservedthem.Theyhavewastedtheirnaturalresources,whichtheyshouldhaveprotectedandconserved.5. TheCaldwellfamilyopenedthefirstroughtrailandsoonothersettlerswerecomi

47、ng.SoonothersettlerswerecominginoverthefirstroughtrailwhichtheCaldwellfamilyhadopened.6. TheSmithsonianInstitutionisconstantlyworkingforabetterunderstandingofnatureforman'sbenefit,anditgetslittleornopublicity.TheSmithsonianInstituteisconstantlyworking,withlittleornopublicity,forabetterunderstand

48、ingofnatureforman'sbenefit.7. QueenMarywaseasilyshakenbypassions.Theywerebothpassionsofloveandpassionofhatredandrevenge.QueenMarywaseasilyshakenbypassions-passionsofloveandofhatredandrevenge.8. Idreadedopeningthedoorofhisoffice,butitwasonlyforafewdays.ForafewdaysIdreadedopeningthedoorofhisoffice

49、.9. ItwasearlymorningandtherewasafogandsoIcrawledoutandmademywaytothebeach.Concealedbythefogofearlydawn,Icrawledoutandmademywaytothebeach.10. Ileftthedoorofthesafeunlockedandtooktheleatherbagofcoinsandwalkeddownthestreettowardthebank.Leavingthedoorofthesafeunlockedandtakingtheleatherbagofcoins,Iwalk

50、eddownthestreettowardthebank.thefollowingparagraphsandthenanswerthequestions:1)Whatisthetopicsentence2)HasthewritersucceededinachievingunityGiveyourreasons.1.Lifeonthefarmisaneternalbattleagainstnature.Thereisalwaystherushtoharvestthecropsandtogetnextyear'sgrainplantedbeforethefallrainsstart.Tog

51、etthisaccomplishedthefarmermustbeoutatworkbydaybreak.Fruitsandvegetableshavetobegatheredbeforetheearlyfrost;henceeveryoneisbustlingaroundfrommorningtillnight.Fallisbeautifulwhentheleavesonthetreeschangecolorandthenfalloff.Wintersendsitswarmingcoveroverthefrozenground.Thiscausestheanimalstohuntforsom

52、ethingtoeat.Thereisnothing,sothefarmerhastofeedthem.Afterhisday'sworkisdone,thefarmerputsonhisslippers,reclinesonthedavenportinfrontofthefireplace,andspendsapeacefuleveningreading.Withinafewmonthsspringbeginswithitsbeautifulflowersandgreengrass.Thecowsgivemoremilksothefarmerhasmoreworktodo.After

53、thefirstspringrain,thecornmustbecultivated.Assummerapproachesthefarmerbeginstoworryforfearthatthesunwillcomeupandcookthegrainbeforeitisfullydeveloped,ormaybeathunderstormwillcomeupthuscausinghishaycroptorot.2.TherearethreereasonswhyIlikeJapanesefood.WhenIwasgrowingupIneverateJapanesefood,sincewelive

54、dinapartofTexaswheretherewerenoOrentals,butnowIreallylikeit.OneofthebestthingsaboutJapanesefoodisthatitconsistsprimarilyofmeatandvegetables,sothatit'snotatallfattening.However,mostJapaneseloverice.OneofmyJapanesefriendshasatleasttwobowlsofriceateverymeal.AnotherreasonforlikingJapanesefoodisthati

55、t'salwaysbeautifullyserved,evenatlower-pricedrestaurants.Everydishisaworkofart:thechickenyakitoriispresentedonagleamingplattercriss-crossedwithskewersofmeatandvegetables,andtheshrimptempuracomesonalovelylittlebambootray.FortheAmericanwhowantstoserveJapanesefoodlikethis,theseplattersandtraysmaybe

56、purchasedatalocalimportstore.MyfinalreasonforlikingJapanesefoodisitsexoticflavor.ThereisnothinginAmericanorEuropeancuisinequiteliketheflavorofsashimi(rawfishdippedinsoysauceandhorseradish)orshabu-shabu,ameatandvegetabledishthatyoucookrightatyourowntablebyswishingthebite-sizedpiecesinapanofseasonedbo

57、ilingwater.Also,fromthemalepointofview,Japaneserestaurantsareattractiveforanotherreason-thebeautifullittledoll-likewaitresses,whobowandsmileshylyastheyserveyourfood.Withallthis,isthereanywonderJapanesefoodappealstome1. "Lifeonthefarmisaneternalbattleagainstnature"isthetopicsentence.paragra

58、phlacksunity.Itisabadpieceofwriting.Thewriterofthisparagraphhascompletelyforgottenwhathehadstartedouttosay.Insteadofbeingan"eternalbattle",lifeinthisparagraphbecomesapleasantandexcitingexperience-whichitprobablyis,butthatisnotwhatthewritersetouttoprove.3. "TherearethreereasonswhyIlike

59、Japanesefood"isthetopicsentence.Thisparagraphlacksunitybecausethewriterintroducesfactsandideasirrelevanttothetopicstatedinhisopeningsentence,e.g."However,mostJapaneseloverice.OneofmyJapanesefriendshasatleasttwobowlsofriceateverymeal."and"Also,fromthemalepointofview,Japaneserestaurantsareattractiveforanotherreason-thebeautifullittledoll-likewaitresses,whobowandsmileshylyastheyserveyourfood.XII.Choosetherightwordfromthelistbelowforeachblank:fellcomedidfiredpulledfeelsaggedcollapsegoe