升本词汇短语句型

1、Lecture 3Unit 5 Section AWords1. immune mju:n adj. 不受影响的；有免疫力的巩固：We are immune to (are not infected by) advertising.我们对广告是免疫的。*Birds in outside cages develop immunity to airborne bacteria.养在户外笼子里的鸟对空气传播的病毒有免疫力。2. diagnose 'danz vt. 诊断巩固：The soldiers&#

2、160;were diagnosed with (were discovered) flu. 这些士兵被诊断为患了流感。*The doctor was out in his diagnosis.医生的诊断(n.)错了。3. implement 'mplmnt vt. 履行；实施；贯彻巩固：We implement the principle of assuming responsibility for mistakes. 我们贯彻对错误承担责任的原则。*implement(carry out) a poli

3、cy落实一项政策 implement a promise履行诺言*Very little has been achieved in the implementation (n.)of the peace agreement.和平协议的执行鲜有进展。辨析：apparatus器械；仪器instrument精密仪器；乐器device装置equipment成套设备tool工具implement原始工具；农具installation安装的小型仪器；装备appliance家用电器facilities基础设施4. combat 'kmbæt vt. 防止；与.斗争；打击

4、；格斗，博斗巩固：Congress has criticized new government measures to combat crime. 国会批评了新政府防止(v.)犯罪的措施。*The ship combated (vi.) with the wind and waves.这艘轮船与风浪搏斗。*A reporter interviewed the combat hero.记者访问了这位战斗英雄。*It was the end of a long combat(可数).那是一场长时间搏斗的结束。

5、*Yesterday saw hand-to-hand combat(不可数）in the city.昨天那座城里发生了肉搏战.辨析：battle战斗war战争campaign战役struggle斗争；奋斗warfare战争状态；冲突fight打斗engagement交火5. define d'fan vt. 阐明;规定;限定;使明确巩固：It's hard to define exactly what has changed. 很难解释清楚到底发生了什么变化。 * We may define all of 

6、these as our needs.我们可将所有这一切都确定为必需品。6. establish 'stæbl vt. 建立(联系、组织、规则);创立;设立；制定巩固：We had already established contact with the museum.我们已经与那个博物馆建立了联系。*That link is an established medical fact.那种联系是被证实了的医学事实。辨析：1）build建造construct建构found创立；奠基erect

7、使直立；高高建起set up搭建 2）prove证明certify证书证明demonstrate展示证明testify法庭作证establish证实7. illustrate 'lstret vt. (用例子、故事或图表)说明,阐明巩固：Let me give another example to illustrate (show) this difficult point.让我举另一个例子来阐明这个难点。*Here, by way of illustration, are some extracts from our new cata

8、log.这里，引为例证，是我们新目录的部分摘录。* The book is beautifully illustrated（adj.）throughout. 这本书从头到尾都是配有精美插图的。辨析：explain解释interpret诠释；口译illustrate例证；图示clarify澄清account for合理解释8. regardless rg:dls adv. 不管怎样;无论如何;不顾一切地巩固：Get the money, regardless! 不管怎样，拿钱再说！* The club welcomes all new members regardless of age

9、. 俱乐部对所有新成员不分年龄一律欢迎。Phrases1. They will carry out this experimentation, regardless of what happen.不管发生什么，他们都将完成这个实验。2. All of this is now at risk. 所有这些目前都处于危险中。3. He felt sick and dizzy and then passed out.

10、0;他感觉恶心，眩晕，接着就昏倒了。*After three drinks, the man passed out. 酒过三巡，他醉得不省人事。*The exhibitors at the trade fair passed out free samples to stimulate interest.参加交易会的展商免费分发样品以引起人们的兴趣。*The late governor passed on much of his fortune to his daughter.已故州长把财产的大部分传给了他的女儿。*He pa

11、ssed on at the age of 72.他72岁时去世。4. The music distracted the students from their studies. 音乐使学生们无法专心于学习。*We live in the age of distraction.我们生活在一个注意力分散的时代。5. Many students would sigh up for the talent show

12、. 很多人渴望参加那个才艺展示。6. Be careful not to be infected with flu.警惕别熏染上流感。 *An unborn baby can be infected by the mother. 未出生的婴儿有可能因其母亲而受到感染。7. There should be a political solution to seek to this economic crisis

13、.8. Coca Cola was basically made as a cure for headaches. 可口可乐最早是被研制出来治疗头痛的。Structures1. 定语从句：注意三要素，即先行词，关系词和先行词在从句中的句法功能1) I don't like the way (that) he teaches English. 2) An old friend., with whom I hope to live, 3) T

14、he watch (that/which) I lost at the department store has been found. 4) I'll never forget the city where I spent my childhood with Mary.5) He won a gold medal, which/as was regarded as an unusual glory/honour by the whole family/2. despite短语作状语，表示让步：注意其位置，标点符号和其后的词语

15、形式1) Despite his illness, he came to the meeting. 2) Despite a lot of difficulties, he managed to finish the work within three weeks.3) ., despite that he is old.4) Despite bad weather, .5) .despite his hard work.     Section B Words1. commence k'

16、;mens vt. 开始巩固：They commenced (started) a systematic search.他们开始了系统的搜查。拓展：commence /start/begin+v-ing可以；但是只有start/begin+to do辨析：commerce正式开始；开展initiate发动；发起inaugurate开幕；加冕2. intense n'tens adj. 强烈的;剧烈的;极度的巩固：He was sweating from the intense heat. 由于剧烈的热量，他一直出汗。拓展：The att

17、ack was anticipated but its intensity came as a shock. 进攻是预料之中，但其激烈程度却令人震惊。    intense competition激烈的竞争intense emotion 激情intense pain 剧烈疼痛；剧痛3. explore k'spl:(r) vt. 在探险;探测;勘察;考察巩固：We've come to this country, let's explore! 我们已经来到这个国家，让我们好好考察一

18、番吧！拓展：I looked forward to the exploration (n.)of their theories.我期待着对他们的理论进行探讨。辨析：hunt猎取；搜寻explore探索track跟踪；追踪seek探寻；追求4. initially nli adv. 开始；最初巩固：Initially, they were wary of Simon. 开始时，他们对西蒙小心提防。firstly, originally, primarily. The initial reaction has been excellent.最初的反

19、应极好。5. adopt 'dpt vt. 采取；采纳；采用巩固：If you think our suggestions right, then adopt (use) them.如果您认为我们的建议合适，那么就采用它们。拓展：There are hundreds of people desperate to adopt a child.有数以百计的人极其渴望收养小孩。 Some children are adopted an

20、d live with their adoptive parents.一些孩子是收养的，跟他们的养父母生活在一起。6. triumph 'tramf n. (成功或获胜时的)极大的满足，狂喜，骄傲(不可数)巩固：Her sense of triumph (great success)was short-lived.她喜悦的感觉是短暂的。拓展：1）This was the triumph(可数) of Jacksonian democracy.这是杰

21、克逊式民主的胜利。 2）The workers triumphed(vi.) over many difficulties. 工人们战胜了许多困难。    辨析：victory胜利conquest征服triumph大胜；完胜7. spill spl vt. (使)溢出;(使)泼出;(使)洒出巩固：Don't spill (pass out) the soup.别把汤洒了。The soup is spilled.汤洒了。拓展：Tears began to spill o

22、ut of the boy's eyes. 泪水开始从男孩的眼里涌出。 the beans露馅儿 ones blood杀死；弄伤thrills and spills惊险刺激8. quit kwt vt. 放弃，辞去(工作)巩固：I'd quit except I need the money. 要不是我需要钱的话，我就辞职了。拓展：I was trying to quit（give up）smoking at the time. 当时我正在努力戒烟。辨析：cease渐息pause

23、停顿stop停下来halt戛然而止(终止/中止)quit(失败/挫折)放弃；停止Phrases1. A death prior to 65 is considered to be a premature death. 65岁以前的死亡被认为是过早死亡。He claimed he had no prior knowledge of the protest. 他声称他对那次抗议事先一无所知。2. Mr. Ryan is confident of success. 瑞安先

24、生对成功有信心。I have little confidence (n.) in him. 3. We should not throw a petition out to the public in haste.我们不应该轻率抛出一份公开请愿书。4. It makes you want to watch the next episode to find out what's going to happen.这使你想看下一集，以弄清接下来

25、要发生什么。Her face was so grave, I wondered for a moment if she'd found me out.她表情严肃,我一时怀疑她是否识破了我。5. to assist someone in doing something帮助某人做某事 6. Let us act and not shrink for fear (that)our motives be misunderstood.让我们行动起来，不要退缩

26、，以免我们的动机遭到误解。   If you are a tear in my eye, for fear of losing you I would never cry.如果你是我眼里的一滴眼泪，我不会哭因为我害怕会失去你。7. Weeds compete with plantings for water and nutrients. 杂草和植物

27、争夺水分和养分。8. They thrust him into the back of a jeep.他们把他猛推入吉普车的后部。    Two of the knife thrusts (可数）were fatal. 猛刺的两刀是致命的。    She thrust her way into the crowd. 她挤进了人群。Unit 6 Section AWords1. underline

28、nd'lan vt. 在下画线巩固：Underline the following that apply to you.在以下适用于你的部分下面划线。拓展：The report underlined his concern that standards were at risk. 该报告强调了他对于标准被降低的担忧。  *I came across (meet by chance) this book in an old bookstore in London. 我在伦敦一家旧书店碰到了这本书。2.

29、0;anniversary æn'v:sr n. 周年纪念（日）巩固：Today's our wedding anniversary. 今天是我们的结婚纪念日。3. regard r':d vt. 认为;把看作巩固：Regard each failure as a stimulus to further efforts. 把每次失利看成对进一步努力的激励。拓展：1）Regarding/With regard to/As reagrds/ mo

30、ney, that's no problem.至于钱嘛，那不成问题。 2）Germany is not innocent in this regard. 在这方面，德国并不是无辜的。 3）I have a very high regard for him and what he has achieved.我非常钦佩他的为人和成就。4. curiosity kjr'st n. 好奇心;求知欲巩固：I have a curiosity to&#

31、160;hear my fortune told. 我很想听别人给我算算命。拓展：have a strong curiosity about sth: 对.有强烈的好奇心 2）Steve was intensely curious about the world I came from. 史蒂夫对我是从哪里来的有强烈的好奇心。5. restrain r'stren vt. 克制(情绪);抑制（自己）巩固：She was so angry that she could&

32、#160;hardly restrain herself.她气得几乎难以自制。拓展：I can't restrain them from going their own way. 我不能阻止他们走自己的路。 *The president is calling for spending restraints （n. 可数）in some areas.该总统要求在一些领域限制开支。 *They behaved with more restraint（n.不可数） 

33、;than I'd expected.他们表现了比我预想还多的克制。辨析：restrain强行抑制check制止；阻止refrain抑制；克制bridle约束（感情欲望）6. surround sraund vt. 围绕;环绕巩固：The original builders surrounded the city bywith a wall. 最初的建设者们在该城的周围修起了城墙。拓展：Your surrounds are you surroundings. 你周围的事物就是你的环境。辨析：enclose围住；封住encirc

34、le圈住 envelop笼罩；遮盖住fence用栅栏围住surround包围；环绕7. considerably knsdrbli adv. 相当，非常，颇巩固：Their dinner parties had become considerably less formal. 他们的晚餐会已经远不如以前正式。拓展：1）To be without Pearce would be a considerable blow失去皮尔斯将是一个巨大的打击 2）It's an inconsiderable questio

35、n. 这是个不值得考虑的/不重要的问题。8. responsibility rispnsbiliti n. 责任;义务（不可数）巩固：Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident.比尔拒绝对那次事故承担责任。拓展：Don't worry. If anything goes wrong, I'll take responsibility for it. 没关系，出了问题我兜着/承担过失。 How do you deal w

36、ith family responsibilities（可数：职责任务=duties）?你怎么处理家庭职责的？ As a doctor she has a responsibility to her fellow creatures.作为医生，她对自己的同胞负责。Phrases1. Yes, I want to share my life with you. 是的，我想和你共度/分享一生。   拓展：The lion's share of the budget is livin

37、g expenses.预算中的最大的一项是生活费用2. Collins English Dictionary defines a workaholic as 'a person obsessively addicted to work'.柯林斯英语词典给“工作狂”一词定义为“一个过分沉溺于工作中的人”。拓展：He was asked to define his concept of cool. 他被要求/阐明自己关于“酷”的定义。3. Lipton is planning to 

38、depart from the company he founded. 利普顿打算离开他创立的那家公司。拓展：Why is it in this country that we have departed from good educational sense? 为什么在这个国家我们背离了教育上明智的选择？短语：depart fromfor离开某地到另一地 depart this life/world离开人世4. I mistook you for Carlos. 我把你错当成卡洛斯了

39、。 拓展：When hay fever first occurs it is often mistaken for a summer cold.花粉病初期常被误认为是风热感冒。5. Many girls who run away to London eventually go on the streets. 很多逃到伦敦来的姑娘最后都沦为妓女。拓展：Theresa Zabell ran away with the women's gold medal.特雷莎

40、·扎贝尔轻松获得了女子金牌。 Knowing her father's opposition to Robin, she decided to run away with him. 知道父亲反对罗宾，她决定和他私奔6. I had to restrain myself from telling him what I thought of him. 我不得不克制自己，不告诉他我对他的想法。 7. She hoped that something might save h

41、er from having to make a decision.她希望有什么能使自己不必作决定。    *the last save(介词=except) one倒数第二 8. I have often thought about this problem. 我常考虑这个问题。 辨析：He thought of another way of getting out of the marriage.他又想到一个摆脱那桩婚姻的点子。Structures1. whoever让步状从，表强

42、调;“无论谁”（注意位置和语序）1) Whoever he is, I don't want to see him.2) Whoever owned the business, it'd be a success.3) I'll take him to his parents whoever has broken the window.   ？I'll find the person who did this, whoever he is. 我要找出干这

43、件事的人，不管他是谁。拓展：主从：Whoever breaks the school windows will be in for trouble! 无论谁打破了学校的窗子，都要受罚。宾从：You can have whoever you like to visit you. 你想要谁来拜访你都可以。2. 助动词（do,does,did）表强调; (注意助动词的时态、单复数，以及其位置)1) My colleagues and old schoolmates did feel happy for me w

44、hen I .2) Bill does have some problem with his math class3) She did go next door to help.4) These words do convey her feelings at the moment. Section BWords1. boast bust vi. 吹嘘；炫耀；夸耀巩固：Carol boasted about (= of)her costume.卡萝尔炫耀着自己的穿着打扮。拓展：He wa

45、s asked about earlier boasts(可数n.) of a quick victory. 有人质问他早先说过的那些速战速决的大话。2. register 'redst(r) vi. （表情）流露，显露，显出巩固：Surprise again registered on Rodney's face.罗德尼的脸上再次流露出诧异的神情。拓展：1）Workers stopped work to register their protest. 工人罢工以表示抗议。 2）We

46、60;registered his birth.我们给他进行了出生登记。 3）He signed the register at the hotel.他在酒店的登记簿上签了名。3. philosopher filsf n. 哲学家，哲人；思想家，学者；豁达的人巩固：The philosopher speculated about time and space. 这位哲学家在思索时间和空间问题。4. economist knmst n. 经济学家，经济专家巩固：He's an economist who th

47、inks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。辨析：an economic question一个经济学问题  an economical lady一位节俭的女士 5. employment n. 雇佣；职业 拓展：be in 有工作, 有职业 be out of 解雇, 失业 blind alley 没有前途的工作职业  get 找到工作, 就业 lose 失业 take sb. into 雇用某人6. graduate

48、 'rædt vi. 毕业，授予学位（或毕业文凭）巩固：She graduated in English and Drama from Manchester University.她毕业于曼彻斯特大学的英语和戏剧专业。拓展：In 1973, the first Open University graduates got their degrees.1973年，首批开放大学的毕业生获得了学位。7. frankly frækli adv. 直率地（说），坦诚地；真诚地；坦白地；平心而论 巩固：Fran

49、kly speaking (To be frank/To speak frankly),I'm not opposed to reform.坦率地说，我不反对改革。 8. retreat r'tri:t vi. 退缩；作罢巩固：Some people retreat into positions of hard irony and cynicism.有些人遇事就退缩，采取冷嘲热讽的态度。拓展：1）You cannot retreat from your responsibility in this affair.你不能回避/放