中英对照法律词汇

1、按照法律规定according to law按照确定的份额分享权力：be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit按照确定的份额分担义务：assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt案例教学法case system案例汇编case book； case report； law report柏拉图 Plato保护人权与基本自由公约（1950） Convention for the Protection of Human R

2、ights and Fundamental Freedoms， 1950（罗）被视为be deemed as被宣布为非法be outlawed； be declared illegal比较法comparative law比较法学comparative jurisprudence比较法学派school of comparative jurisprudence比较法制史 comparative legal history比较分析法method of comparative analysis比较刑法comparative penal law比较刑法学comparative penal jurispr

3、udence必然因果关系positive causal relationship边缘法学borderline jurisprudence变通办法adaptation； accommodation补充规定supplementary provision补救办法remedial measures不成文法unwritten law不成文宪法unwritten constitution不动产所在地法律 law of the place where the real property is situated； lex loci rei immobilisci不可分割的权利impartible right不

4、可抗力 force majuere不可侵犯性inviolability不可让与性inalienability不履行法律义务non-performance of obligation不要式行为informal act不要因的法律行为non-causal juristic act不因实效而丧失的权利imprescriptible right不作为abstain from an act； act of omission部门法department law部门规章regulation参照 consult参照具体情况 in the light of actual conditions参照原文 consul

5、t the original查士丁尼法典 Code Justinian； Codex Justinianus查士丁尼法规汇编 Authenticum超出法律范围的 outside of law超出法律权限的 extralegal超过权限 exceed authority； beyond jurisdiction成文法 written law成文宪法written constitution冲突法 conflict of laws； rules of conflict冲突规则 conflict rule； rule of conflict除（本法）另有规定外 except for otherwis

6、e stipulated （by this law）除外条款 provisory clause除外责任条款 exclusion clause触犯公共利益 encroach on the public interests触犯国际利益 go against the state's interests触犯人民利益 encroach on the interests of the people； go against the people's interests传统法律观念 traditional ideas of law纯粹法学 pure theory of law次要法规 by l

7、aw次要规则 secondary rule从宽解释原则 doctrine of liberal construction从权利 accessory right达到法定年龄 come of age大法 the fundamental law大法官Lord High Chancellor大法官法院Court of Chancery大陆法系Continental Legal System大律师barrister大明律Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty（中）大陪审团 grand jury大清律例the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty （

8、中）大宪章（1215） Great Charter， 1215（英）单行法规specific regulations单一法律体系unitary legal system单一制政府unitary government但书proviso当代法学动向current trend of jurisprudence当然解释 natural interpretation党纪国法party discipline and the law of the country道德规范norm of morality道德义务 moral obligation德国民法典German Civil code德拉古 Draco地方

9、各级人民代表大会 local people's congresses at different levels地方各级人民法院local people's courts at different levels地方各级人民检察院local people's procuratorates at different levels地方各级人民政府local people's governments at different levels第二读second reading第三读 third reading二元论the dualistic theory二元君主立宪制 dual

10、 constitutional monarchy system二元论 the dualistic theory二元论者dualist二元制 bicameral system法的本质 the nature of law法的变化changes of law法的定义definition of law法的发展development of law法的分类 divisions of law法的概念concepts of law法的规范作用normalized usage of law法的继承succession of law法的精神 spirit of law法的可预测性foreseeability of

11、 law法的类型types of law法的历史类型的更替 the replacement of one historical mode of law by another法的历史渊源 historical origin of law法的连续性continuity of law法的内容contexts of law法的社会作用 social usage of law法的生效operation of law法的实现realization of law法的特征character of law法的现象legal phenomenon法的消亡 withering away of law法的形式渊源fo

12、rmal source of law法的要素elements of law法的渊源source of law法的职能function of law法的作用role of law法典code； statute book法典编纂 codification of codes法定成年人的年龄age of majority； legal age法定程序legal procedure法定处罚statutory penalty法定代理人： agent ad litem法定解释statutory interpretation法定量刑情节 legally prescribed circumstances of

13、sentencing法定年龄 legal age； lawful age法定年龄限制 a statutory age limit法定期间 prescribed time法定期限 legal term法定权利 legal right； right entitled by law法定权限 limits of power prescribed by law法定人数 quorum法定日 appointed day法定时间 appointed time法定时效 statutory prescription法定条件 legal condition法定限制 statutory restrictions法定效

14、力 statutory force法定刑 legally-prescribed punishment法定形式 legal form法定责任 statutory duty法定追溯期 time of legal memory法定最高刑 maximum statutory penalty； maximum statutory sentence法官 judge法官的自由裁量权 judge's power of discretion法官权力范围 extent of judge's power法官心证 judge's mental impression法官中立原则 Nemo deb

15、t esse judex in propria causa法规编纂 condification of laws and regulations法规的解释 interpretation of statutes法规汇编 corpus of the laws and regulations法国民法典Code Civile de Francais （法）法理 jurisprudence； principle of law法理学家 jurisprudent法律保护 legal protection法律编纂 codification法律标准 legal standards法律补救 legal redres

16、s法律部门 legal department法律草案 draft regulations法律措施 legal measures法律大全 Corpus legum法律的本土化和改写 the localization and adaptiion of laws法律的本质 essence of law法律的地位 position of law法律的定义 definition of law法律的废止 abolishment of law法律的公共秩序论 public order theory of law法律的规范性 normalization of law法律的继承 succession of la

17、w法律的理想ideal of law法律的权威 authority of law法律的失效lapse of law法律的实施administration of law； law enforcement法律的适用application of law法律的统一 unification of law法律的推定 presumption of law法律的推理 analogy of law法律的完整性 integrity of law法律的效力范围 force's scale of law法律的效力形式 force's form of law法律的修改alteration of law法

18、律的演进 evolutin of law法律的原理 principle of law法律地位平等equal in legal status法律对人的效力personal act of law编纂法律方法 legal methodology法律分类 classification of law法律赋予权力 authority conferred by law法律改革 law reform法律概念 legal concept法律根据 legal basis法律工作者 legal professional法律关系legal relation法律关系的运行 process of legal relati

19、on法律关系客体 object of legal relation法律关系主体 subject of legal relation法律规定provisions of law法律规范 norm of law法律规范的逻辑结构 logical structure of legal rule法律规则体系 system of legal rules法律含义 intendment of law法律另有规定：otherwise stipulated by law法律现象legal phenomenon法律研究legal research法律要件 legal requirement法律依据 legal ba

20、sis法律意见 legal advice法律意见书 legal opinion法律意识 law-consciousness法律意义 legal sense法律用语 legal language法律与正义先验论 a prior theory of law and justice法律渊源 source of law法律原本注释 gloss法律原理 legal doctrines法律原则 principle of legality法律援助legal aid法律约束 legal binding； legal restraint法律责任 legal responsibility法律责任的道义基础 mor

21、al basic of legal obligation法律责任的归结 imputaton of legal responsibility法律责任的认定 determination of legal responsibility法律责任的执行 enforcement of legal responsibility法律责任客体 object of legal responsibility法律责任主体 subject of legal responsibility法律哲学 philosophy of law； philosophie du droit （法）；philosophia juris法律

22、政策 policy of the law法律职业道德 legal ethics法律指导 legal counsel法律制裁 legal sanction法律制度 regime of law； legal system法律秩序 legal order法律主体资格 capacity as a subject of law法律主张 proposition of law法律属地原则 territoriality of laws法律著述 legal literature法律专家 legal expert法律专业 legal profession法律专著和教科书 legal treatise and te

23、xtbook法律咨询 legal advice法律尊严 legal sanctity法盲 legal illiterates法权 right法社会学 sociology of law法系 legal system法协会 law society法学 jurisprudence法学博士 doctor of jurisprudence法学导论 leading principles of law法学的范畴体系 the system of categories of jurisprudence法学的范畴意识 the consciousness of category of jurisprudence法学

24、的基石范畴 fundamental categories of jurisprudence法学方法 method of jurisprudence法学方法论 methodology of jurisprudence法学会 law society法学教科书 law textbooks法学理论 theory of law； legal theory法学权威 an academic authority in law法学士 bachelor of law法学体系 system of jurisprudence法学通论 first principles of law法学院 faculty of law；

25、 law school法医 forensic medicine法医学 forensic medicine法院 court法院调查 judicial investigation法院管辖权 competence of court法院管辖以外的 extrajudicial法院判决 court decision法院系统 court structure法院组织法 judicature act法则 articles法哲学 philosophy of law法制legal institution法制传统 tradition of law system法制的精神 spirit of legality法制的尊严

26、 dignity of the legal system法制观念 legal concept法制观念淡薄 very weak in the understanding of law法制教育 legal education； education of legal system法制史 legal history； history of legal system法治 rule of law法治的机制 the mechanism of rule of law法治的要素 the element of rule of law非实质的 immaterial非营利的 non-profit非约束性条款 perm

27、issive provision废止法律 annulment of law分别管辖权 separate jurisdiction分别财产制 separation of property regime分别规定 separate provision分担责任 share the responsibility分工负责，互相配合，互相制约 divide responsibility for their own work； coordinate their efforts and check each other分工负责制 division of labor responsibility system分级

28、管理 different levels holding different responsibilities分配制度 distribution system分析法理学 analytical jurisprudence否决权 power veto； veto power否认事实 denial of facts服从法律 amenable to law； subject to the law服从判决 accept a judgment符合程序 be in order符合法律 be in conformity with law符合宪法 constitutionality符合宪法的法律 constitu

29、tional law符合原则 be in conformity with the principle盖尤斯 Gaius概括裁定 general verdict概括继承 general succession干扰司法公正 interference with course of justice刚性条款 entrenched clause刚性宪法 rigid constitution岗位责任制 post responsibility system高等法院 high court； high court of justice高度集中 highly centralize高度民主 high level of

30、democracy高度自治权 high degree of autonomy高级法官 senior judge高级法院superior court高级人民法院 Higher People's Court高级人民检察院 Higher People's Procuratortate搁置 set aside； abeyance格式条款 clause of style公认的行为准则 established standard of conduct规避法律 in fraud of law规避义务 evade obligations规范的法律规则 normative rule of law规

31、范法学 normative jurisprudence规范性法律文件 normalizative document of law规范性法律文件的规范化 normalization of normative legal document国际法international law国际法学 international jurisprudence过错方 tort-feasor； wrongdoer过错推定原则 doctrine of presumption过错责任 liability for wrongs； tort liability海事法院 court of admiralty汉穆拉比法典 Code

32、 of Hammurabi合并条款 consolidation of provisions合法的个人财产 legal personal property合法地位 legal status合法权益 the lawful rights and interests合法行为 lawful acts； legality of purpose合宪性 constitutionality衡平法 equity衡平法规则 rule of equity衡平法学 equity jurisprudence衡平法院 Court of Chancery （美）；Court of Equity （英）后法取代前法 A lat

33、er statute takes away the effect of a prior one.后法优于前法 lex posterior derogat priori户籍所在地：the place where his residence is registered互为因果 reciprocal causation基本法 fundamental law基本法律规范 basic norm of law基本方针 basic policies基本权利和义务 basic rights and duties基本司法概念和假设 basic legal conception and assumption技术性

34、法规 technical legal rule家庭法 family law建立法律关系create legal relations教会法canon law教会法大全Corpus Juris Canonici教会法学家 decretalists解释法律的技术规则 technical rule of interpretation解释权 power of interpretation近因 immediate cause禁治产人 imbecile； interdicted person经常居住地：habitual residence经法律确认的 ascertained by law经法律许可 auth

35、orized by law经验法学 scholastic theories of law纠问式审判 trial by inspection or examination具有法律约束力的文件 legally binding instrument具有同等效力的 with equal authenticity具有约束力的判例 binding precedent绝对衡平法 absolute equity君主立宪制度 constitutional monarchy开罗会议 Cairo Conference凯恩斯主义 keynesianism可撤销的法律行为 revocable juristic act可

36、让与性 alienability可用法律强制执行的 enforceable at law可预见的 foreseeable可直接适用的法律 directly applicable law可追溯的 retrospective客观条件 objective condition客观因素 objective factor客体 object扩充解释 amplified interpretation理论法理学派 theoretical jurisprudence school理性决定说 theory of rational decision理性认识 conceptual knowledge历史法学 histo

37、rical jurisprudence历史法学派 historical school of law历史解释 historical interpretation立法机构legislative body立法权 law-making power； legislative power立法委任权 legislation mandate立法效力 legislative effect立法议案 bills立法者 law-maker； legislator立宪 constitutionalism利益冲突 conflict of interests利害关系人interested person连带法律关系 join

38、t legal relations连带责任 joint and several obligation论理解释 logical interpretation罗马法Roman Law； Jus Romanum罗马法系 Roman-Law System罗马皇帝优士丁尼一世Justinian I罗马法理学 jurisprudential罗马法律汇编Roman Digest罗马法学派 school of Romanists罗马日耳曼法系 Roman-Germanic family罗马私法 Jus Privatum逻辑解释 logical interpretation马伯里诉麦迪逊案 Marbury vs

39、. Madison马克思主义法律理论 Marxism-leninism马克思主义法学 Marxist jurisprudence马克思主义法学家 Marxist jurist没有事实根据的 unsubstantial美国国际法协会 American Institute of International Law美国海事法庭 Admiralty Courts of the U.S.A.美国联邦地区法院 United States district courts美国联邦法官 federal judge没有法律依据的 lawless没有判决先例的案件 case of first impression民

40、法大全Corpus Juris Civilis民法典 civil code民法法系Civil-Law System民法通则： General Principles of the Civil Law民法学 science of civil law民事案件中“占有优势证据”的原则 “by a preponderance of evidence” in civil cases民事权利能力：the capacity for civil rights民事权益：civil rights and interests民事诉讼法学 Civil Procedure Law民事制裁 civil punishment

41、； civil sanction民政部门：the civil affairs department明代法规 laws and regulations of Ming Dynasty明示或默示的 express or implied默示表达 communication by implication拿破仑法典 The Code Napolean内部规章 internal regulations纳妾制 concubinage南京条约 （1843） Treaty of Nanking， 1843拟制理论 fiction theory拟制买卖 mancipatio欧洲大陆法 continental la

42、w偶然权利 contingent right偶然因果关系 fortuitous causal relationship偶然因素 accidentalia偶因 accidental cause排他的权利 right to exclude all others派生的权利 derived right派生取得 derivative acquisition判例法系 Case Law System普通法法系 Common-Law System判例法系 Case Law System判例汇编 reports； reports of judgments普通法 common law普通法法系 Common-La

43、w System普通法上的补偿 common-law remedy普通法上的过失 common-law negligence普通法上的留置权 common-law lien普通法学 general jurisprudence强制办法 coercive method强制规定 mandatory provisions强制性法规 mandatory rule of law强制性条款 mandatory term侵犯财产权 property torts侵权行为法 tort law侵权责任 tortious liability清理法规 check up laws and regulations区域性法律

44、体系 regional system of laws取证 obtain evidence确权之诉 affirmative petitory action； cause for ownership affirmation确认之诉 action for confirmation； actio confessoria权威解释 authentic interpretation人法 human law， statute personalia人格减等 capitis deminutio人身不可侵犯 inviolability of the person人身非财产关系 personal non-proper

45、ty relations人身关系 personal relation任意解释 arbitrary interpretation日耳曼法Germanic law柔性宪法 flexible constitution三权分立 separation of powers善意推定 presumption of good faith商法 commercial law商法典 code of commerce社会法学sociological jurisprudence社会关系 social relations社会规范 social regulation社会连带主义法学 social solidarism jur

46、isprudence社会契约论 theory of social contract社会团体：social organization社会主义法学 socialist jurisprudence社会主义法制 socialist legal system； socialist rule of law神法 divine law神权说 theory of divine right审查制度 censorship； inspection system审计监督 supervise through auditing审计监督权 power to supervise through auditing生效条款 ope

47、rative clause失效法律 expired laws失效日 expiry date施行细则 implementary provisions实证主义法学派 the positivist school十二表法 Twelve Tables实体法 material law； substantial law实体法上的抗辩 substantial defense实体权利 substantive right实用主义法学 judicial pragmaticism实在法 positive law实在法学 positive jurisprudence实在法学派 positivist实在主义法学 posi

48、tivist jurisprudence实证法学 positive jurisprudence实质条款 material stipulation实质性的瑕疵 defect of substance实质性解释 material interpretation事实的推定 presumption of fact事业单位：institution适用法律 reference to the law； applicable law适用范围 area of application； sphere of application适用中国法律：be governed by the law of PRC （The la

49、w of PRC shall apply to）溯及既往原则 doctrine of retroactivity溯及力 retrospect； retrospective effect损害赔偿 damages梭伦 Solon弹性宪法 elastic constitution特别程序 special procedure特别但书 special proviso特别法 special law特殊主体 special subject提案motion； overture； proposal提出抗辩 raise a plea； raise a plead条约法 law of treaties同态复仇 re

50、taliation推定合法presumption of legality停止生效cease to have effect外国法 foreign law外国法制史 foreign legal history外国人待遇 foreigner treatment完全民事权利能力：full capacity for civil conduct完全丧失行为能力的人 person entirely incapable of legal transaction完全无行为能力 absolute disability万民法 jus gentium违法构成要件 essential condition of deli

51、ct违宪 violation of constitution乌尔比安 Ulpianus无国籍人：stateless persons无条件解释 unconditional interpretation无效的法律 void law无效法律行为 void act； act without legal effect物权 property西塞罗Marcus Tullius Cicero习惯法custom law细则 detailed rules and regulations； details by-laws狭义解释 narrow definition下文另有规定者除外 except as herein

52、after provided先决条件 precedent condition； prerequisite现实主义法学 realism jurisprudence现行法律 current law； existing law限制解释 restrictive interpretation宪法的解释 interpretation of constitution宪法修正案 constitution amendment宪法学 constitutional jurisprudence相对主义法学 relativist jurisprudence新分析法学 new analytical jurisprudence新律 New Law ， Novellae行为规范 code of conduct学说编纂the Pandekta形式主义法学 formalist jurisprudence亚里士多德 Aristotle严格解释 strict interpretation严重不法行为 aggravated