CET词汇结构

1、2005年春四级冲刺班资料词汇结构部分一、大纲要求最新大学英语教学大纲(1999)对四级语法的要求是：“巩固和加深基本语法知识，提高在语篇水平上运用语法知识的能力。”大纲对四级词汇的要求是：“领会式掌握4200单词(其中复用式掌握的单词为2500），以及由这些词构成的常用词组1600条(中学所掌握的词和词组均包括在内），并且有按照基本构词法识别生词的能力。”二、词汇与结构题的考查特点及内容四级考试对词汇结构的考查与大纲要求是十分一致的。综观近年来的四级考试题，我们不难发现四级考试的词汇结构部分是这样体现大纲的。1考题涉及面广近年考题曾经考到几乎所有词类：动词（短语动词）、名词、形容词、副词、连

2、词、介词（短语介词）等词类。2考查重点突出1) 动词、名词、形容词与介词的搭配 如：popularpatientwith；yieldsolutionadapttransferaccessto；accuserequireof；charge/with/for；underdiscussion等等。2) 习惯用法如：confess toset about；be supposed to等。3) 由同一动词构成的短语 如：come，go，set，break等构成的短语。4) 单个的动词，抽象名词，形容词和副词多以近义词、同义词的形式出现。5) 介词短语在句中作状语 如：in terms of；with t

3、he exception of；in vain, regardless of, in addition to等，另外还应注意rather than，other than除了之外，such as，nonenothingbut等词在考题中的出现。3近年来考题中的新趋势：1) 若干考点混合出现；2) 一些交际用语也时常出现在考题中；3) 基本上不再考语法，只考部分结构词。三、复习思路1 掌握常用习惯用法和词组2 研究以往考试试题，适当做些练习，记住典型题例3 注意在阅读中培养语感，因为在语篇层次上培养的语感往往可以直接帮助答题四、词汇题答题技巧由于大纲强调要在语篇层次上解决语法与词汇问题，所以四级考

4、试的这部分试题也很少是单个的句子，大多为并列句或复合句，因此我们也应学会根据语篇知识来掌握答题技巧，尤其是要注意句中和句内、句间的解释、对比、转折、因果等关系。1 利用动词词组中的介词或副词确定正确选项命题人员想考查考生是否掌握了某一动词词组的用法，在设计四个选项时，有时会让一个动词出现在四个选项中，只是后边的介词或副词不一样。在做这一类题时，如果认识某一词组，根据自己的判断毫不犹豫地选择你认为是正确的选项。如果不认识或拿不准词组的意义，可以根据上下文以及动词后边的介词或副词进行推导。Off表示“离开”(away from)，因而：set off (动身前往)，keep off (使离开，不接

5、近), clear off (使走开), take off (起飞), doze off (睡着), turn off (避开困难/问题等; 路叉开), come off (从 离开), make off (逃跑)等。To 表示“服从；遭受”，如：be subjected to（使服从；使遭受），be subordinate to（服从的；从属的），yield to（投降；听从；屈服），submit to（使服从；使受到；甘受），bend to（使服从），conform to（遵守，遵照）等。1) Having decided to rent a flat，we contacting all

6、the accommodation agencies in the city。 (9801)A) set aboutB) set downC) set outD) set up2) When he realized the police had spotted him，the man the exit as quickly as possible(9901)A) made offB) made forC) made outD) made up2 利用动词词组中的动词确定选项有些题的四个选项中的介词或副词一样，而动词不同，这时就可以利用动词的区别来确定正确选项，如下例： 1) If you th

7、e bottle and cigarettes，youll be much healthier(9701)A) take offB) keep offC) get offD) set off3 释义关系/上下义关系由于句子之间语义的关联，句中一部分有时对另一部分构成解释关系或上下义关系，可以根据已经明示的部分来确定选项。1) Arriving home, the boy told his parents about all the _ which occurred in his dormitory. (0312)A)occasions B)matters C)incidents D)issue

8、s2) Some plants are very _ to light; they prefer the shade. (0312) A)sensible B)flexible C)objective D)sensitive3) The manager spoke highly of such as loyalty，courage and truthfulness known by his employees(9801)A) virtuesB) featuresC) propertiesD) characteristics4 近义词因果关系在一句或两句话中，要么通过“因”推出“果”，要么通过“

9、果”推出“因”。即利用句内逻辑关系去确定选项，如下列例句。1) He was such a _ speaker that he held our attention every minute of the three-hour lecture. (0312) A) specific B) dynamicC) heroic D) diplomatic 2) Some old people dont like pop songs because they cant so much noise(9701)A) resist B) sustainC) tolerate D) undergo3) As

10、a result of careless washing，the jacket to a childs size(9801)A) compressed B) shrank C) dropped D) decreased4) Since the matter was extremely ，we dealt with it immediately(9801)A) tough B) tense C) urgent D) instant5 转折/对比关系要么通过转折词或反义词、或对比词来确定选项，要么通过句中词来确定选项中的转折词。1) their differences，the couple wer

11、e developing an obvious and genuine affection for each other(9801)A) But for B) For all C) Above all D) Except for2) These goods are for export，though a few of them may be sold on the home market(9806)A) essentially B) completely C) necessarily D) remarkably3) Mr. Morgan can be very sad ，though in p

12、ublic he is extremely cheerful(9701)A) by himself B) in person C) in private D) as individual6 近义词反义对比关系利用句子主干中的某词或短语，再加上四个近义词选项的区别来确定正确选项。1) Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still _.A) blankB) hollowC) vacantD) bare(9906)2) The ships generator broke down

13、, and the pumps had to be operated _ instead of mechanically. (0201)A) manuallyB) artificiallyC) automaticallyD) synthetically7 逻辑语义+常识根据句子上下文的逻辑语义，结合生活常识做出合乎常理的判断。1) The president made a speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting，which encouraged the sportsmen greatly. (9701)A) vigorous B

14、) tedious C) flat D) harsh2) However，at times this balance in nature is ，resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects(9806)A) troubled B) disturbed C) confused D) puzzled五、四级词汇练习集锦动词1. Wed like to _ a table for five for dinner this evening. (0206)A) preserve B) reserve C) retain D) sustain题解

15、 形似动词辨义：preserve保护, 保持； 保存, 保藏；腌制；reserve储备, 保存, 保留, 预定, 预约；retain保持, 保留 sustain保持，使持续下去；支持，支撑；维持, 持续；供养，维持（生命）；经受，遭受2. Though _ in a big city, Peter always prefers to paint the primitive scenes of country life.A) grown B) raisedC) tendedD) cultivated3. If people feel hopeless, they dont bother to _

16、 the skills they need to succeed.(0212)A) adoptB) acquire C) accumulateD) assemble4. The shop assistant was dismissed as she was _ of cheating customers. (0212)A) accusedB) chargedC) scoldedD) cursed 5. The soldier was _ of running away when the enemy attacked.(9706)A) scoldedB) chargedC) accusedD)

17、punished6. All her energies are _ upon her children and she seems to have little time for anything else.(0201)A) guided B) aimedC) directedD) focused7. _ energy under the earth must be released in one form or another, for example, an earthquake. (0201)A) AccumulatedB) Assembled C) GatheredD) Collect

18、ed 译文地球表面下累计的能量必须以某种形式释放出来，例如地震。题解 Accumulate表示“一点一点积累起来”；Gather表示“收集”资料或（使）人、动物“聚集成群”；Assemble强调有组织地“集合”；Collect常可与gather互换，但更强调有选择或有条理地“收集”，如集邮、收藏书籍等8. Extensive reporting on television has helped to _ interest in a wide variety of sports and activities. (0106)A) assemble B) generate C) yield D) g

19、ather 译文大量的电视报道激起了人们对各种各样体育活动的兴趣。题解近义动词辨析：assemble集合，聚集，召集；装备；generate生成，产生（光、热、电等）；引起，导致；yield生产，出产；产生（效果、收益等）；让出，放弃等9. Everybody _ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.(2000/06)A) assembledB) accumulatedC) piled D) joined10. Tryon was extremely angry, but cool-headed enough to _ s

20、torming into the bosss office. (0201)A) preventB) prohibitC) turn D) avoid 11. The author of the report is well _ with the problems in the hospital because he has been working there for many years. (0201)A) informedB) acquaintedC) enlightened D) acknowledged 题解 is acquainted with; enlighten启发12. Our

21、 hopes _ and fell in the same instant. (0106)A) arose B) raised C) rose D) aroused 题解arise (out of/from)vi.产生，出现，发生；（由- -）引起，（由- -）产生，起源于；起身，起床 rise vi.升起，上升；起立，起床；上涨，增高，增加；（give rise to引起；导致get a rise out of sb.挖苦人；激怒）arouse vt. 引起，激起，唤起；唤醒 raise 举起，提高，提升；增加；唤起，引起，激起13. Last year the advertising ra

22、te _ by 20 percent.(9701)A) raisedB) arousedC) arose D) rose14. A completely new situation will _ when the examination system comes into existence.A) arise B) rise C) raise D) arouse15. The government is trying to do something to _ better understanding between the two countries. (9706)A) raiseB) pro

23、moteC) heightenD) increase16. Every one should be _ to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated.(0301)A) attributedB) entitledC) identifiedD) justified译文每个人都应享有一定的生活水准并拥有受教育的机会。题解attribute sth. to sb./sth.else 把某事归因于某人/另外一事； entitle sb. to sth.使某人可以享受某物；identify A with B 将A认同为B；

24、 justify (doing) sth. 为某事辩护，证明某事正当17. A season ticket _the holder to make as many journeys as he wishes within the stated period of time. (0106)A) entitles B) grants C) presentsD) promises 译文季票的持有者可以在规定的时间内随意旅行。题解 entitle给- -权利，给- -资格，entitle sb. to (do) sth.; grant 授予，同意，准予，grant sb. sth. 或 grant s

25、th. to sb. ;present赠（送），呈现；介绍，陈述，呈交，present sb. with sth. 或present sth. to sb.; promise 答应，承诺,promise sb. sth.18. This ticket _ you to a free boat tour on the lake.(0306)A) entitlesB) appointsC) grantsD) credits题解 appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事； credit v. 把- -记入贷方；(to)把- -归于，credit sth. to sb. 把某事归功

26、于某人19. This ticket _ you to a free meal in our new restaurant.A) gives B) grants C) entitles D) credits20. The Car Club couldnt _ to meet the demands of all its members. A) assume B) ensure C) guarantee D) confirm 21. He was proud of being chosen to participate in the game and he _ us that he would

27、try as hard as possible. (0306)A) insured B) guaranteed C) assumedD) assured题解assure sb. that sb. else will do sth. 或sth. will happen 向某人保证另外一个人会做某事或某事会发生； insure 给- -保险；guarantee 表示对产品的质量、服务或义务的实施等“担保”，后接名词或不定式；assume 假定，假设，臆断；承担，担任，就职；呈现，具有，采取22. I suggested he should _ himself to his new conditio

28、ns.(0101)A) adaptB) adoptC) regulate D) suit题解 adopt收养；采用，采纳；采取；正式通过，批准； regulate管理，控制；调整，调节；suit合适，中- -的意； adapt使适应，使合适，adapt oneself to sth.使自己适应某事23. It is too early to say whether IBMs competitors will be able to _ their products to the new hardware at an affordable cost.A) adapt B) stickC) yiel

29、dD) adopt24. The newcomers found it impossible to _ themselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country. (9801)A) suitB) adaptC) regulateD) coordinate25. The old couple decided to _ a boy and a girl though they had three children of their own.(9706)A) adaptB) bring C) r

30、eceiveD) adopt26. I didnt _ to take a taxi but I had to as I was late.(0101)A) assumeB) supposeC) meanD) hope27. The same factors push wages and prices up together, the one _ the other.(0101)A) emphasizingB) reinforcingC) multiplyingD) increasing题解increase 可指数字、尺寸、范围、距离、规模、数量、价值、程度、财富、权力等方面“增长，增强，增加

31、”；emphasize 强调，着重，加强- -的语气； reinforce多指一方面力量去“增强，加强，增援”；multiply (使)繁殖；（使）增加，含有“大幅度增加”之意28. As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _it.(2000/06)A) postponeB) refuse C) delayD) cancel29. Putting in a new window will _ cutting away part of the roof. (2000/06)A) includeB) in

32、volve C) containD) comprise题解include包括； contain指容器内“包含，容纳”；involve包含，含有；使参与，使卷入；牵涉，后接名词或动名词，A involves (doing) B做A包含做B这部分工作； comprise 包含，包括，由- -组成；构成，组成，某个整体A由一些个体B组成，A is comprised of B, A comprises B 或B comprises A 30. The hopes, goals, fears and desires widely _ between men and women, between the

33、 rich and the poor.(2000/01)A) alterB) shift C) transferD) vary题解alter 改变；shift 移动；transfer转移，变成；vary 不同，有区别 31. Features such as height, weight, and skin color _ from individual to individual and from face to face.A) changeB) varyC) alterD) convert题解 convert使转变, 转换.,使.改变信仰32. The price of beer _ fr

34、om 50 cents to $4 per liter during the summer season.（9906）A) alteredB) rangedC) separatedD) differed33. Some diseases are _ by certain water animals. (2000/01)A) transplantedB) transformedC) transportedD) transmitted题解 transplant移植； transform转换、变换； transport运输； transmit传播34. The coming of the railw

35、ays in the 1830s _ our society and economic life.(2000/01)A) transformedB) transportedC) transferredD) transmitted35. Harry was _ by a bee when he was collecting the honey.(9901) A) stung B) stuck C) bitten D) scratched 题解sting刺、叮； stick戳，刺死； bite咬, 刺痛； scratch 抓36. Remember that customers dont _ ab

36、out prices in that city. (9901)A) debateB) consultC) disputeD) bargain 题解 debate争论，辩论； consult咨询，商量； dispute争论，争执； bargain对- -讨价还价37. He hoped the firm would _ him to the Paris branch.(0309) A) exchangeB) transmitC) transferD) remove38. We know through painful experience that freedom is never given

37、by the oppressor; it must be _ by the oppressed.A) demanded B) commanded C) requiredD) requested题解 demand要求, 需要, 要求知道;command命令, 指挥, 克制, 支配; require 需要, 要求, 命令; request 请求, 要求 39. They were _ admission to the military exhibition because they were foreigners.A) deniedB) declinedC) deprivedD) rejected

38、题解deny否认, 拒绝; decline 拒绝, 衰落; deprive 剥夺, 使丧失; reject拒绝, 抵制, 否决, 呕出, 驳回, 丢弃40. If you want to know the train schedule, please _ at the booking office.(9501)A) acquireB) inquireC) requestD) require题解 acquire获得, 学到; inquire询问, 问明, 查究;41. As a result of careless washing, the jacket _ to a childs size.

39、(9801)A) compressed B) shrankC) dropped D) decreased题解compressed 挤出，压缩； dropped掉，扔下，落下； decreased 降低42. The advertisement says this material doesnt _ in the wash, but it has.(0306)A) contract B) shrink C) slim D) dissolve题解contract （金属等）收缩，缩小； shrank （布料等浸湿后）起皱，（个头、尺寸等）收缩，缩小；slim (用运动、节食等)变苗体，减轻体重；

40、dissolve溶解，溶化；消失，减弱43. You have nothing to _ by refusing to listen to our advice. (9501)A) gainB) graspC) seize D) earn题解 gain得到, 增进, 赚到； grasp抓住, 抓紧, 掌握, 领会； seize抓住, 逮住, 夺取；没收, 查封； earn赚, 挣得, 获得44. I was about to _ a match when I remembered Toms warning.(0306)A) rubB) hitC) scrapeD) strike题解rub摩擦，

41、擦；hit 打，击，击中；碰撞；伤害，殃及；scrape刮，擦；strike打, 撞击, 冲击, 罢工, 打动, 划燃, 到达, 侵袭45. He _ to his customers and halved the price. A) leakedB) drewC) quoted D) yielded 46. It is important to _ between the rules of grammar and the conventions of written language.A) determineB) identifyC) exploreD) distinguish47. He

42、asked us to _ them in carrying through their plan. A) provideB) arouseC) assist D) persist 48. You would be _ a risk to let your child go to school by himself. A) omitting B) attaching C) affording D) running 49. All their attempts to _ the child from the burning building were in vain. A) regain B)

43、recover C) rescue D) reserve 50. Hes watching TV? Hes _ to be cleaning his room.(9706)A) knownB) supposedC) regarded D) considered51. A healthy life is frequently thought to be _ with the open countryside and homegrown food.(9606)A) tiedB) boundC) involvedD) associated题解tie 系, 打结, 扎, 约束, 与.成平局; bind

44、绑, 镶边, 装订, 凝固, 约束; involve 包括, 笼罩, 潜心于, 使陷于; associate使发生联系, 使联合;交往, 结交52. She was so _ in her job that she didnt hear anybody knocking at the door.A) attracted B) absorbed C) drawn D) concentrated53. At first, the speaker was referring to the problem of pollution in the country, but halfway in her

45、speech, she suddenly _ to another subject.A) Commited B) switched C) favoured D) transmitted54. Although he had looked through all the reference material on the subject, he still found it hard to understand this point and her explanation only _ to his confusion.A) extended B) amounted C) added D) tu

46、rned55. She was complaining that the doctor was _ too much for the treatment he was giving her. A) expendingB) offeringC) costingD) charging56. This hotel _ $60 for a single room with bath.A) claims B) demands C) prices D) charges57. In Britain people _ four million tons of potatoes every year.(2000

47、/01)A) swallowB) dispose C) consumeD) exhaust题解swallow 咽, 淹没, 吞没;耗尽; dispose 处理, 处置, 部署; consume消耗, 消费, 消灭, 大吃大喝; exhaust用尽, 耗尽, 抽完, 使精疲力尽58. Im very sorry to have _ you with so many questions on such an occasion.A) interfered B) offendedC) impressed D) bothered59. After the guests left, she spent h

48、alf an hour _ the sitting-room.(9506)A) ordering B) arranging C) tidying upD) clearing away60. Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply _.A) appreciatedB) approved C) appealedD) applied题解 appreciate赏识, 鉴赏, 感激； approve赞成, 满意；批准, 通过；appeal求助, 诉请, 要求；控诉； apply申请, 应用61. Most broadcast

49、ers maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is _.A) grantedB) impliedC) exaggeratedD) remedied题解 imply暗示, 意味； exaggerate夸大, 夸张； remedy治疗, 补救, 矫正, 修缮, 修补62. Operations which left patients _ and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feelin

50、g relaxed and comfortable.A) exhaustedB) abandoned C) injured D) deserted题解 abandon放弃, 遗弃； exhaust用尽, 耗尽, 抽完, 使精疲力尽；排气injure损害, 伤害；desert放弃, 遗弃, 逃跑63. Cancellation of the flight _ many passengers to spend the night at the airport.A) resulted B) obligedC) demandedD) recommended题解 result起因, 由于, 以.为结果,

51、 导致; oblige迫使, 责成recommend推荐, 介绍, 劝告, 使受欢迎, 托付, 使.受欢迎, 使.可取64. Not only the professionals but also the amateurs will _ from the new training facilities. A) deriveB) acquireC) benefitD) reward题解 derive得自; 起源; benefit 有益于, 有助于; 受益; reward酬劳, 奖赏To give a reward to or for.65. The work was almost complet

52、e when we received orders to _ no further with it.A) progress B) proceed C) marchD) promote题解 proceed进行, 继续下去, 发生; march进军, 前进; 使行军, 使行进; promote促进, 发扬, 提升, 提拔, 晋升为66. The beam that is _ by a laser differs in several ways from the light that comes out of a flashlight.A) emitted B) transportedC) moti

53、vatedD) translated题解 emit发出, 放射, 吐露, 散发, 发表, 发行; motivate激发; translate翻译, 解释, 转化, 转变为, 调动67. Three university departments have been _ $600,000 to develop good practice in teaching and learning.A) promotedB) includedC) securedD) awarded题解 secure保护;,使安全; award颁奖，授奖To grant as merited or due:68. Mr. Jones