牛津上海版中考英语专题复习-11连词状语从句

1、学科教师辅导讲义学员编号：年 级：八课时数：3学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：沈秋芳课程主题：C连词+状语从句授课时间：学习目标教学内容中考词汇200句精选（H一）101 The secretary usually wakes up with the help of the alarm clock , but yesterday it was broken , so she stayed in bed until the telephone rang.这位秘书通常在闹钟的帮助下醒来。但是昨天，闹钟坏了，所以他一直躺在床上直到电话铃响。102 Just after the dinner, he

2、 had the ice-cream in a hurry and got serious stomachache so his grandma offered him some medicine and hot water.就在晚饭之后，他匆匆就吃了份冰淇林，然后胃疼的厉害。因此，他的外婆给他一些药和热水。103 While all the fans outside celebrated his success , the winner of the Winter Canadian Olympics in Canada did the interview at the internation

3、al conference center and said he would continue to train for another competition.当粉丝们在外面庆祝他的胜利时，这位加拿大奥运会的冠军在国际会议中心接受了采访，说他将为下一场比 赛继续训练。104 This ancient cave is very deep and dark so even with the lantern the captain of the group still failed to observe the animal pictures in the cave.这个古老的洞穴既深又黑，所以即

4、使打着灯笼，小组的队长仍无法观察洞穴的动物壁画。105 The persons in the tow didnt believe the truth that the lake had been polluted by the nearby chemical factories until the lake was covered with the dead fish.直到湖里全是死鱼时，镇里的人们才相信这个事实，即湖泊已经被周围的化工厂污染了。106 During the spring festival , people usually set off fireworks to say go

5、odbye to the past year and welcome the New Year.春节期间，人们通常放烟火辞旧迎新。107 During the National Day , the whole nation is filled with happy atmosphere , streets full of balloons and red flags and every Chinese hopes our mother country become more and more powerful.国庆节期间，整个国家处处都是欢乐的氛围，街道上也处处是气球和红旗。每一位中国人都希望

6、自己的祖国越来越强大。108 After the army attacked enemys base, the battle broke out in the north area and just after 2 hours , the enemy gave up the base.部队攻击了敌人的基地。战斗在北部爆发了仅2小时之后敌人放弃了基地。109 This blind Australian singer was very popular with teenagers and in yesterdays charity show , he sang his favorite songs

7、 while some actresses were dancing around him.这位澳洲盲人歌手在年轻人种很受欢迎。昨天在一场慈善表演中，他演唱了自己最喜欢的歌曲，同时一些女演员在其周围伴舞。110 Some articles and the pictures of these magazines about geography and journey arent printed clearly , so this section cant publish these magazines.这本杂志中有关地理和旅行的一些文章和照片印的不是很清楚，所以该部门无法出版这些杂志。一、专题知

8、识梳理1 .连词的概念连词是一种在句子与句子之间，短语之间以及名词等其他词语之间起连接作用的虚词，它不能单独作句子的成份。按其意义可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词连接的双方是对等的。2 .连词的分类常有的1、并歹U连词： and,both and, either- or,neither- nor, not only but also, as well as 等。2、表转折的并列连词：but, however, while （而），only （只不过）。3、表选择的并列连词，or, or else, otherwise4、表因果的连词：for, so, therefore （因此），th

9、en等。5、从属连词：that, if, whether,（初中主要用来连接宾语从句，其次用来连接状语从句。）6、 时间状语从句，常用的连接词有：when while , as, since, before, after, once, as soon as, until, till7、连接条件状语的连词有：if, unless, as long as等，8、而原因状语的连接词有because,since, as, now that （既然）。9、目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等状语从句的连接词有：so that, sothat, suchthat, as - as, than, where它们在

10、句子与文章中几乎无处不见。我们通过一些例句来分析一下连词的功用。3.重点连词辨析用一 .，1、because、 as、 since、 for 的用法：because表示原因的语气最强，常表示必然的因果关系，从句一般放在主句后面；另外，回答why的问句只能用because. as表示一般的因果关系，语气比because弱，说明比较明显的原因，它引导的从句可以放在句首也可以放在句尾。since（既然）表示对方已经知道、无需加以说明的原因或事实。for（因为）是并列连词，语气较弱，用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释。如：He is not at school today because he is se

11、riously ill./ As all of you have got here , now, let s go to the zoo./ I will a Lin Tao to go with me since you are very busy. / We must be off now for the match starts at 7 : 00.、2、 if、whether 的区别：表示是否时，if和whether同义，引导宾语从句，另外， whether还可以引导主语从句、表语从句（以及同位语从句）等名词性从句或者让步状语从句；而if还可以表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句，（主句与从

12、句遵循主将从现的原则）。如：I don t know if/whether he will arrive on time.（我不知道他是不是会按时到达）/I will ring you up if he arrives ontime.（如果他按时到达我会给你打电话的）下列情况只能用 whether不能用if：弓I导主语从句，如： Whether it is a fine day next Sunday is still a question.引导从句作介词宾语引导不定式短语，/ Please ask him whether to go there with a raincoat or not.

13、（作动词的宾语）/引导让步状语从句，Hainan is the place to be, whether it s summer or winter. 证:步状语从句 ）/在动词discuss之后在 wonder / not sure 之后【讲解】给学生讲的时候，不必让其记住这些情况，简单地告诉学生，能用whether就用whether, if和whether在一起，都表示“是否”的时候，用 whether肯定没错，因为 whether更“专业”。也3土“3、 while、when、as 的用法区别：1） while常表示一个较长的动作，它引导的从句动作与主句的动作是同时发生的、是平行的；Pl

14、ease do not trouble me while I am writing my homework. /2） when可以表示较短的动作也可以表示较长的动作，主句和从句的动作可以同时发生也可以先后发生；I ll go home when I have finished my job. / They were running quickly across the road when they heard the sound of a truck coming3） as与上两词同义，可替换 while和when,表示主句和从句的动作同时发生，常译为“一边 一边”。.As we walked

15、 in the dark street , we sang songs and talked loudly. 4、 till/until 与 not till/until 的区别:1）前者表示一个延续性的动作，后者表示一个才开始的动作。如：I will stay here and watch the baby until you return. （stay 这个动作直进行至U你return） /2） They won t go on working until they get what they think is reasonable.另外till与until基本可以互换，但是在句首时只能用

16、until ,不能用till.如：Until the last minute of the match we kept playing.Not until he had finished his work did he go home.（倒装句）5、 though 与 although 的区别：两个词都表示“虽然”，均不可以与but同时使用，但在句中可加 still或yet连用。although 尽管、虽然“仅作连词，比较正式，一般可以换为 though; though 虽然、尽管、即使“，还可以与even 连用（=even if）,表示“即使、纵然”，作副词时意思是“然而、不过，不能放在句首

17、。如： He passed the exams although illness prevented him fr om going to classes./ she won t leave evenTthoeghher husband is waiting for her for the supper./ It was a quiet party. I had a good time , though.牝八 一 ，一一匕，的“ 6、 prefer to rather than 与 prefer to 的区别：prefer torathertha后面都是用动词原形，preferto都是用动名词

18、或名词。如：I prefer English to Japanese. / I prefer to learn English rather than learn Japanese.二、专题精讲1、 she was not well, I decided to go without her. A. Though B. As C. When D. Because of答案1 B.讲解as这里应译为由于。全句意为：由于她不舒服，我决定不带她去了。而 because of其后不能接从句只 能接宾语。如：Because of the heavy rain, we decided not to go。2

19、、 Take this dictionary with you you may use it in class.A. otherwise B. in order to C. or D. so that答案1 D.讲解应译为为的是。本句句义为：带上字典，为的是在上课时可能有用。而in order to其后应接动词不定式，如： Take this dictionary with you in order to use it in class 。3、 I don t know I should do with so many eggs. -You can sell them.A how B why

20、C what D when答案1 A.讲解can表示能，可以，你可以卖掉他们，如果我们对“卖掉”进行提问的话，是什么 ？是方式，所以用how。三、专题过关1. Do more exercise every day , you ll be stronger than before.A. soB. butC. andD. or2. I have something important to discuss with Tim. I will wait for Tim he gets back.A. asB. untilC. whenD. after3. You can buy computers a

21、t a local shop. They re usually more expensive , you can get better after-sales service.A. and B. but C. soD. or4. Arthur, you will get toothache you clean your teeth regularly.A. unless B. since C. ifD. before5. We will go to Happy Valley tomorrow it rains.A. until B. when C. unless D. if6. the Wor

22、ld Expo was over, a lot of visitors still go to the China Pavilion to enjoy themselves and take photos.A. Although B. Since C. When D. As7. Dont stay up too late.youll find it hard to get up on time tomorrow.A. orB. butC. andD. so8. Susan did quite well in the final examshe had missed two weeks less

23、ons.A. thoughB. ifC. becauseD. unless9. I decided not to buy frozen dumplings the government said they were safeA. becauseB. though C. sinceD. or10. I can t understand the sentence_ there are wowords in it.A. ifB. until C. though D. because11. We will remember the picture it is silly , strange and c

24、olorful.A. unless B. if C. before D. after12. Speak louder everyone in the meeting room can hear you clearly.A. so that B. in order to C. since D. because答案：1-5 CBBAC 6-10 AAABC 11-12 BA四、学法提炼熟悉各个连词的使用方法。在理解句意的基础上选择合适的连词。注意区别相近意义的连词。、专题知识梳理、状语从句的概念用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。二、状语从句的分类根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从

25、句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。三、状语从句的句法功能也1.时间状语从句（主句将来时从句现在时）、/1）时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如：It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework , the telephone rang.As he walked along the lake , h

26、e sang happily.He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.After he finished middle school , he went to work in a factory.易混引导词while , when的区别：when既可以指时间点，与瞬间动词连用，也可以指时间段，与延续性动词连用（=while ）。While表示时间段，因此， while从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。练习：用 while或when填空1 . Please dont talk so loud others are working

27、.2 .he came in, his mother was cooking.3 .we were at school, we went to the library every day. Keys: 1. while 2. when 2. While2）在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。练习：1. I ll ring you up asoon as I (get) to New York.2. .I will tell him everything when he(come) back.3. He won t believe it until he(see)

28、 it with his own eyes. Keys: 1. get 2. comes 3. sees结论：主将从现的原则时”，谓,谓语学3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是 直到 语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是直到才”， 在以前不动词可用瞬间动词。例如：（注意粗体单词）1. The young man read till the light went out.2. Let wait until the rain stops.3. We won start until Bob comes.4. Don get off

29、until the bus stops.:2,条件状语从句(主句用将来时从句用现在时)1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如:What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?Don t leave the building unless I tell you to.恰多2）在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态练习：1. I ll help you with your English if I(be) free tomorrow.2. He(not) be late unless he is ill.Keys: 1. am 2.

30、will not&3)祈使句+ and (or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurry up , or (其中文意思是什么)you ll be late.=If you don t hurry upyou ll be late.Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard , you will pass the exam.批注：需要让学生理解祈使句也是个句子，只是省略主语的句子，汉语中也较多此类句型，可以类比讲解。3.原因状语从句第21页/共21页1）原因状语从句通常由because和so不能同

31、用在一个句子里4.结果状语从句because, since （因为）, as （因为）弓I导 。 例如:He didn t come to school because he was ill.As it is raining , we shall not go the zoo.Since you can t answer the iqunest I ll ask someone else.2）because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由 why提出的问题,只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由 as和since

32、引导的原因状语从居多放在 句首。例如：Why aren t going there?Because I don t want to.As he has no car, he can t get rtheasily.Since we have no money, we can t buy it.；i）结果状语从句由 sothat, suchthat, so that引导。1. He is练习:poor that he can t buy a bike for his sonA. so B. such C. much D .too2. She is good teacher that everyb

33、ody likes her.A .such a B. so a C. a so D .a such Keys: A A电2）sothat语such.that可以互换。例如：在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是： .so +形容词（副词）+ that +从句”。例如：He was so glad that he couldn t say a wordThe hall is so big that it can hold 2 , 000 people.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.在由

34、suchtha引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数 名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。练习：（选

35、出划线部分的近义选项）1） It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again. A so wonderful a film B so a wonderful film2） It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.A so an important match B an so important match C so important a match Keys: A C（3）如果名词前由 many , much , little ,

36、few等词修饰时，只能用 so, 不用such。练习：Soon there were many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. Keys: AA so B such C much总结：so +形容词或者副词+thatsuch +（形容词）+可数名词或者不可数名词+ thatsuch +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数=so+形容词+a/an +可数名词单数 so + little/ many/much/ few + 名词2 5.比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由as as比较级+ than等连词引导。例如：Tom runs faster than

37、 John does.This classroom is as big as that one.批注：这里需要强调两个 as后面接的词性是不同的，且第一个as后面接的必须是形容词和副词的原级，这是考试的重点；与此不同的是，than前面必须是形容词和副词的比较级形式。6.目的状语从句1）目的状语从句通常由so that, in order that引导。例如:We started early so that we could catch the first train. He studies hard so that he could work better in the future. We

38、used the computer in order that we might save time.窃2）so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个:目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could , may, might等。从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：（结果状语从句）Speak clearly so that they may understand you.（目的状语从句 ）Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest.批注：这里主要引导学生从意思的角度进行区分，比如第二个句子，生病的

39、目的不可能是为了休息，不符合正常 的逻辑。1)让步状语从句通常由 although , though, even though, even if, no matter, however 等连词弓I导。例如:1. Though he is young , he knows a lot.2. Although /Though/Even though/Even if you don t like him you can still be polite尽管/即使/纵然/即使你不喜欢他，你仍可有礼貌一些。3. No matter what you do(Whatever your do) , don t

40、 touch this switch无论怎样，都别碰这个按钮。4. However rich people are(=No matter how rich people are ) , they always seem anxious to make more money .无论人们多么富有，他们似乎总还渴望赚到更多的钱。5. However carefully you drive , you will probably have an accident eventually .无论你开车多小心，最后你大概还会出车祸。6. Whatever you do , don t tell him th

41、at I told you this无论如何，别跟他说这件事是我告诉你的。S2)although(though) 和 but不能用在同个句子中。例如:我们不育归说：Though it was raining hard , but he still went out.应该说： Though it was raining hard , he still went out. 或 It was raining hard , but he still went out.批注：这是英语和汉语说话习惯不同的地方，需要重点讲解。另外，可以类比地讲解“因为和所以不能出现在同一个句子中”。也8.地点状语从句地点状

42、语从句常常由where来引导。例如：Go where you like.Where there is a will , there is a way.批注：这属于比较难的知识点，学生理解即可。二、专题精讲1 .You will stay healthy you do more exercise , such as running and walking.A. if B. how C. before D. where该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，从句应是一个条件状语从句，在这四个选项中只 有if能引导条件状语从句，所以选A。答案：Ao2 .-Shall we go on

43、working?-Yes, I prefer to have a rest.A. when B. if C. because D. though该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，只有选 though才能说得通。答案：D。3 .None of us knew what had happened they told us about it.A. when B. until C. after D. though该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词选择。本句的意思是在以前我们没人知道这件事。”要表达着一意思 应用“not until这。句型。答案：B。4 .-I hope you l

44、l enjoy your trip dear!-Thank you , mum. I ll give you a call I get there.A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。本题的意思是到那里，我就给你打电话。”要表达这个意思应选用 as soon as。答案： B。三、专题过关单项选择：1. he s olde can still carry this heavy bag.A. Though B. SinceC. ForD. So2. -Do you know if he to play baske

45、t ball with us?-I think he will come if he free tomorrow.A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come ; is D. will come ; will be3. In the zoo if a child into the water and can , thswdmlphins may come up him.A. will fall ;to helpB. falls ;to helpC. will fall ;helpD. falls ;helping4. I don t remember

46、he worked in that city when he waoung.A. whatB. whichC. where D. who5. We will stay at home if my aunt to visit us tomorrow.A. comes B. comeC. will come D. is coming6. The police asked the children cross the street the traffic lights turned green.A. not; before B. don - t when C. not to; until D. no

47、t; after7. I was late for class yesterday there was something wrong with my bike.A. whenB. thatC. untilD. because8. I ll go swimming with you if I free tomorrow.A. will beB. shall beC. amD. was9. In the exam , theyou are,themistakes you will makeA. careful ; littleB. more careful ;fewestC. more care

48、ful ; fewerD. more careful ;less10. You should finish your lessons you go out to play.A. beforeB. afterC. whenD. while11. I hurriedI wouldnt be late for class.A. sinceB. so that12. When you read the book , youA. whichB. that13. The teacher raised his voiceC. as ifD. unlessd better make a markyou hav

49、e any questions.C. whereD. thoughall the students could hear him.A. forB. so thatC. becauseD. in order14. He took off his coat he felt hot.A. becauseB. asC. ifD. since15. It isthat we，d like to go out for a walk.A.a lovely dayB.too lovely a dayC.so lovely a dayD.such lovely a day16. Mary had much wo

50、rk to do that she stayed at her office all day.A. suchB. soC. tooD.very17.I felt very tired ,A. AlthoughB. BecauseI tried to finish the work.C. AsD.,As if18.the day went on ,A. WithB. Sincethe weather got worse.C. WhileD.As19. well you can drive , you must drive carefully.A. So long asB. In order th

51、atC. No matter howD. The moment20. Write to me as soon as youto Beijing.A. will getB. getC. getting二.根据中文意思完成下列英语句子D. gojokes heon me.1 .不管他跟我开什么玩笑，我都不生气。I am not angry with him , 2 .布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生把她当作母亲。Mrs. Bruce was kind to her students they her their mother.3 .只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。Our parent

52、s will be pleased with our performance we try our best.4 .你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗？Will you please call me you get to Shanghai.5 .这个七岁的女孩酷爱钢琴，以至于他已经坚持练习两年了。The seven-year-old girl likes playing the piano she has kept practicing for two years.6 .虽然她很忙，他还坚持自学英语。, she kept on learning English by herself.7 .他长大后相

53、当一名记者。He wants to be a journalist.8 .无论刮风下雨，我们的老师总是第一个到校。windy or rainy , our teacher is always the first to get to school.9 .如果人人为保护环境做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。to protecting the environment , the world will become much more beautiful.10 .李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。Li Ming didn t come to schoo.练习二：选择合适的连接词，完成下列句子。1. Jim s

54、pends a lot of money on books he is not rich.2. Kate fell into sleep she was listening to the music.3. -Is David at school today?No. He is at home he has a bad cold.4. We wont have supper my mother comes back.5. Speak to him slowly he may understand you better.6.she doesnt come on Sunday, Ill go fis

55、hing by myself.7. It is four years I had left that small village.8. the air moves,it is called wind.9. We will go to the park it doesnt rain tomorrow.10. little boys did much work.11. There are few new words in the passage we cant understand it.12. Go back you come from.13. He reached the station the train had left.14. -Do you have a swimming pool?No , we dont. At least, not big yours.15. Give me your paper you have finished it.16. It is raining hard , we have to stay at home.17. you work harder , youll never pass the final exam.18. Look after