人教版初一(下)英语第8讲：unit4语法篇(学生版)

1、Unit 4语法篇 祈使句 、祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语 末用感叹号或句号，读降调。 、祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型: 1行为动词原形+其它成分。例如： Make senten ces after the model.根据例句造句。 2. Be 动词+其它成分（形容词、名词或介词短语等 ）。例如: Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。 3. Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分。例如： Let him go back now.让他现在回去吧。 三.祈使句的否定句式 祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上 Don

2、或 Never, 般分为以下四种类型: 学生通过本讲学习，能够掌握本单元的重点语法，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。 you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句 1在祈使句的肯定句式前加 Do,构成Don t行为动词原形+其它成分。例如： Don t say that agai n 别再那样说了！ 2. 在 Be 动词引起的肯定祈使句前加 Don t构成Don t b 升其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短 语等)。例如：Don t be careless 不要粗心。 注意：在这种句型中 be 不能省略；否定副词 not 不可置于 be 之后。 3. Let 引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种： (1) Let 开头的

3、祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在 Let 前加 Don，也 可在 Let 后宾格的名词或代词后面加 not。 (2) 如果以 Let 开头的祈使句，必须在 Let 后加 not。例如： Don t let me go with her tomorrow. = Let me n ot go with her tomorrow. 不要让我明天跟她一起去。 Let s not tell her the turth whenever we meet her. 无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。 4. 在公共场合的提示语中， 否定祈使句常用 No +名词/V-ing 形式结

4、构，表示禁止做某事。 例如： NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照！ 四.祈使句的反意问句 祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式： 1. 祈使句为肯定句式， 其反意疑问句表示请求时， 通常用 will you ；表示邀请、 劝说时， 用 won t you 。例如： Be sure to write to us, will you? 你一定要给我们写信，好吗？ Come to have dinner with us this evening, won t you? 今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？Don t smoke in the meeting room

5、, will you? 不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？ 3. Let 开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除 Let 用 shall we 夕卜，其它均用 will you。例如: Let the boy go first, will you? 让个那男孩先走，好吗？ Let s take a walk after supper, shall we? 晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？ 情态动词 must 禾口 have to 情态动词 用法 例句 must 表示 必须，应该 之意，语气比 should， ought to 强烈。其否疋形式 mustn t 表示 不 准，不应该，禁止”等意 1. You must

6、come to school on time. 2. Everybody must obey the law. 3. You mustndrive so fast in the street. 4. We mustnwaste any more time. 在回答带有 must 的问句时，否定回答常用 needn t 或 don thave to, 表示 不必 ，而 不用 must nt 1. Must I come back before ten? Yes, you must.(No, you needn 表示有把握的推测， 意为“一定、 准是、 相必”，只用于肯定句中 1. It must

7、 be my mother. 2. You must be hungry after a walk. 3. There must be a hole in the wall. have to have to “必须， 不得不”， 意义与 must 相近。 但 must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而 have to 则往往强调客观需要。 1. The film is not interesting. 1 really must go now. 2. I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital. must 只有一种形式，即现在式与过去式都 是

8、一种形式，而 have to 则涉及各种人称、 时态等方面的变化形式。 1. I had to work hard when 1 was your age. 2. I will have to lear n how to use a computer. 3 . In order to take the exam, we ll have to finish the whole book by the end of this month . 两者的否定意义不冋，mustn 表示“禁止， 不许 ,don thave to 表示不必。 1. You must n go there. 2 . You d

9、on have to go there. 1.【2015 年广东省初中毕业生学业考试英语试题】 Look! The traff ic light has turned red. We stop our car. A. can B. can t C. must D. mustn t 2.【山东省泰安市 2015 年中考英语试题】 Nowadays .all passengers go through safety check before take a train. A. can B. may C. must D. will 3.【德州市二 O 五年初中学业水平考试 英语试题】 Mr. Wang

10、, must I come again to clea n the classroom on Sun day? No, you .I have asked Kate to do it. A. can t B. mustn t C.needn t D. shouldn 4.【江苏省盐城市 2015 年中考英语试题】 Dani el, _ play with the mobile pho ne while youre walki ng in the street. A. dont B. does nt C. wont D. cant 5.【河南省 2015 年中考英语试题】 kind and he

11、lpful to the people around us, and we will make the world a nicer place to live in. A. Be B. Being C. To be D. Been 6. in bed. It s bad for your eyes. A. Not to read B. Don t read C. Don t to read D. Not read J当当堂练习堂练习 基础演练 一、单项选择 1. _ picture books in class, please. A. Not read B. No read C. Not re

12、ad ing 2. Ssh! _ talk loudly. The baby is sleeping right now. A. Do B. Does C. Dont 3. Do you _ wear a uniform at school? A. must B. have to C. may 4. You _ stop when the traffic light turns red. A. can B. had better C. n eed D. Dont read D. Does nt D. can D. must 5. - _ you give your seat to this o

13、ld man? -Of course. A. Can B. Shall C. Need D. 二、 按要求转换句型 6. Throw that piece of paper away.（改为否定祈使句 ） _ that piece of paper away. 7. Pick some flowers, please.（改为否定祈使句 ） _ pick _ flowers, please. 8. I have to look after myself.（改为否定句） I _ _ _ look after myself. 9. Andy has to study for a test.（改为一般

14、疑问句） _ Andy _ study for a test? 10. I can talk to Jennys mother.（改为一般疑问句） _ talk to Jennys mother? 三、 翻译（根据中文提示完成句子） 11. 请找布朗先生接电话好吗 ？ _ speak to Mr.Brow n? 12. 在周末我喜欢去那儿，但是我得先做一些家务活。 I _ _ go there on weekends, but I _ _ _ some housework first. 13. 地球是我们美丽的家园，我们必须保持地球清洁。 The earth is our beautiful

15、home. We _ 14. 不要在街道上打篮球。 _ in the street. 15. 禁止在草上行走。 _ _ on the grass. Must 巩固提高 1. Do your homework at home.（改为否定句 ） _ your homework at home. 2. Do you have a good time at school?（改为同义句 ） Do you have _ at school? 3. I can eat in the dining hall.（就划线部分提问） _ you eat? 4. Please keep quiet in class.

16、（改为同义句 ） Dont be _ in class. 5. Must we eat in the hallways?（作否定回答） 6. You cant listen to music in the classroom.（改为祈使句 ） _ _ music in the classroom. 7. Go out on school nights.（改为否定句） _ out on school n ights. 8. She has to wash the dishes after meals.（改为一般疑问句） _ she _ wash the dishes after meals? 9

17、. We can eat lunch at our school.（改为以 Lets 开头的句子） _ lunch at our school. 10. Dont draw pictures on the blackboard.（改为肯定句） _ on the blackboard. 一、翻译（根据中文提示完成句子） 1. 她会说一点儿中文。 She _ speak a little Chinese. 2. -学生们可以在走廊上跑吗？ -不，他们不能。 -Can the stude nts run in the hallways? -No, they _ 3. -我能在教室里吃东西吗? -不，

18、你不能。 - _ I _ in the classroom? -No, you cant. 4你上课不要接电话。 You _ an swer the teleph one in class. 5. 我 10 点钟之前不得不上床睡觉。 I _ _ go to bed before 10:00. 二、按要求转换句型 6. Will you please not open the window?（改为祈使句） _ the wi ndow. 7. We have to clean the room.（就划线部分提问） _ do you have to _ ? 8. She has to do her

19、homework.（改为否定句） She _ _ _ do her homework. 9. I have to stay at home on rainy days.（改为一般疑问句并作出否定回答 ） _ you _ stay at home on rainy days? No, I _ . 10. You dont have to get up so early.（改为同义句） You _ get up so early. 三、完形填空 Every school has its own rules. How many _ 11 _ are there in your school? At

20、some schools, the stude nts _ 12 _ to wear uni forms on school days. But many stude nts dont like to wear uni forms. They think the uni forms are the ugliest _ 13 _ in the world. But the schools dont allow the students to wear _ 14 _ own clothes at school. So some students draw carto ons or some fam

21、ous sin gers on their _ 15 _ . They thi nk it is very _ 16 _ that every one wears the same. It is very unfair（不公平的）that the teachers and the stude nts are wearing _ 17 _ But most of the students _ 18 _ the rules. What do you think _ 19 _ it? Do you _ 20 _ your school uniforms? 11 A. stude nts B. rul

22、es C. un iforms D. rulers 12. A. has B. must C. should D. have 13. A. clothes B. shirts C. skirts D. cloth 14. A. their B. they C. them D. themselves 15. A. school bags B. books C. un iforms D. desks 16. A. bored B. bori ng C. in teresti ng D. in terested 17. A. same B. differe ntly C. differe nt D.

23、 the same 18. A. obey B. agree C. liste n D. listen to 19. A. of B. about C. by D. for 20 A. like B. make C. wash D. put on 1. - Whats your teacher like? -She is always strict _ us. A. in B. with C. to 2. Mr. Black always goes to work _ time. He is never late. A. at B. on C. in D. with 3.- I go out

24、with my frien ds, Mom? -No, you cant. You must do your homework first. A. Must B. Have to C. Do D. Can 4. On Sunday I have to go to the farm my pare nts. A. to help B. help C. helpi ng D. helped 5. - What are the rules at your school? -Dont run in the hallways and _ arrive late for class. A. not to

25、B. wont C. dont D. no 6. There are _ people in the hall and there are _ noise（噪音）in it. A. too many; too much B. too many; much too C. too much; too many D. too much; much too 7. Our classroom is We must clea n it. A. dirty B. sorry C. quiet D. no isy 8. -I What do you do after dinner? A. have break

26、fast B. have lunch C. get up early D. watch TV 9. - What are your rules at home? -I have to go to bed _ ten. A after B. before C. in D. on 10.- Are you happy? .I have a lot of rules. A Yes, I am B. Yes, I do C. No, Im not D. No, I dont 二、完形填空 My n ame is Li Xia. I am a middle school stude nt. As a s

27、tude nt, I have many rules. I cant be late _ 11 _ class. I must _ 12 _ on time. I cant run in the hallways. I cant _ 13 _ in the classroom. I must eat in the dining hall. I _ 14 _ listen to music in the classroom, but I can listen to it outside. I have to wear my school _ 15 _ every day. I cant wear

28、 a hat. In the school library, we must be quiet. We cant talk loudly or laugh loudly. At home, I have to get up early and help my mom _ 16 _ breakfast. I have to make the bed and _ 17 _ my bedroom every morning. I cant watch TV _ 18 _ play computer games _ 19 _ school nights. On weekends, I have to

29、practice the guitar and the piano. I cant play _ 20 _ on school days. I am not happy. What can I do? 11. A. to B. with C. for D. in 12. A. am B. is C. are D. be 13. A. fight B. eat C. sing D. dance 14 A. cant B. can C. do D. dont 15. A. book B. shoe C. uniform D. rules 16. A. do B. make C. to does D

30、. to makes 17. A. make B. eat C. clea n D. follow 18. A. or B. and C. with D. for 19. A. in B. at C. on D. with 20. A. the basketball B. the soccer C. volleyball D. pia no 三、阅读理解 Today is Sun day, and there will be a con cert（音乐会）at Hong He Concert Hall at 7:00 p.m. Mr. Smith arrives there early, an

31、d he is reading the Notice to the Audience （听众须知 ）. Notice to the Audie nce 1. Dress neatly（整洁）and dont wear slippers（拖鞋）into the concert hall. 2. Dont take food or drink into the hall. 3. Dont take childre n un der 1.2m in height i nto the concert hall. 4. Keep off all beepers and mobile phones （手机

32、）during the concert. 5. Dont take photos duri ng the concert. 6. Dont smoke in the concert hall. 21. What day is it today? A. Its Saturday. B. Its Su nday. C. Its Mo nday. D. Its Friday. 22. What time is it now? A. 7:00 a.m. B. Before 7:00 in the morning C. 7:00 p.m. D. Before 7:00 p.m. 23. Mr. Smit

33、h is . A. liste ning to the concert B. wait ing for his friends C. readi ng the no tice D. watch ing a movie 24. The audie nce have to A. wear slippers B. make phone calls C. eat or drink someth ing D. dress n eatly 25. Which is RIGHT? A. Childre n un der 1.2m cant come into the hall. B. People with

34、 no beepers or mobile phones cant come into the hall. C. If you want, you can smoke in the hall. D. You can take some photos duri ng the con cert. 四、 单词拼写(单句首字母填空) 26. I think students should follow the school r _ . 27. We have to be q _ in the library. 28. Dont go out b _ you finish your homework.

35、29. The room is too small. Lets go o _ . 30. I learn how to use the computer and I f _ very happy. 五、 适当形式填空(单句适当形式) 31. Dont be _(noise) in the classroom. 32. I feel very _ (relax) after having a good rest. 33. I have to do the _ (dish) after dinner. 34. I have many storybooks, but Tom has _ (many)

36、. 35. Please keep your eyes _ (close). 六、 对话7选5 A: Hello, Li Lei. 3 _ B: We cant arrive late for class. A: 37 _ B: No, we cant. But we can eat in the dining hall. A: Can you listen to music in the hallways? B: No, we cant. 38 _ A: Do you have to wear uni forms? B: 39 _ A: 40 _ B: Yes, I do, or my pa

37、rents will be angry( 生气). A: I have to do my homework first whe n I get home. A. Can you eat i n the classroom? B. Do you have to finish your homework after school? C. What are your school rules? D. Yes, we do. E. And we cant wear hats at school. 七、选词填空（短文选词填空） late first pare nts strict leavi ng sa

38、y our follow early after Our Class Rules Our head teacher is very 41 _ with us. He makes many rules for us and asks us to 42. _ them. We have to get up 43 _ in the morning. All of us must be on time for class. We cant arrive 44. _ . We cant fight in or out of class. If we fight, he will call our 45.

39、 _ . We cant eat or talk loudly in class. We must listen to the teacher carefully（ 认真地）. 46. _ class, we cant run or listen to music in the hallway. We have to wear 47. _ uni forms at school. We cant wear a hat i n class. When we get home, we must do homework 48 _ . We have to finish our homework on

40、 time. When we get to school every morning, we must 49 _ hello to all the teachers and say Goodbye when 50. _ school. 八、阅读与表达（问答式）（101中学初一下期中考试） Have you ever had problems in your life and dont know how to be happy? If so, you will find the book Bei ng a Happy Teen ager is very useful, which is writ

41、ten by an Australia n writer An drew Matthews. An drew Matthews works as a writer, carto oni st（ 卡通画家 ）and speaker. His books have bee n tran slated into 20 Ian guages. He has bee n on over 2000 radios and TV programs. In this book, Matthews tells us how to have a happy life and answers the questions of teenagers. There are many topics such as pare nts and frien ds, and the book says we should stop being angry and learn to