文化chapter42WesternFoodandCustomswxy

1、Chapter 4 -2: Western Food & CustomsTeaching ObjectivesTeaching Objectives1.Aware of western culinary culture2. Master basic rules of table manners3. Familiar with frequently used dining words and sentencesLEAD-IN Introductory Remarks: People who go to a formal Western dinner party for the first

2、 time may be surprised by table manners in Western culture. Knowing them will help you make a good impression. Having good table manners means knowing,1. how to use knives and forks,2. when to drink a toast 3. how to behave well at the table. starter main course drinks soupdessert西餐的第一道菜是头盘，也称为开胃品。开

3、胃品的内容一般有冷头盘或热头盘之分，常见的品种有鱼子酱、鹅肝酱、熏鲑鱼、鸡尾杯、奶油鸡酥盒、局蜗牛等。因为是要开胃，所以开胃菜一般都具有特色风味，味道以咸和酸为主，而且数量较少，质量较高 大致可分为清汤、奶油汤、蔬菜汤和冷汤等4类。品种有牛尾清汤、各式奶油汤、海鲜汤、美式蛤蜊汤、意式蔬菜汤、俄式罗宋汤。法式葱头汤。与主菜同时摆上的生蔬菜沙拉，一般用生菜、番茄、黄瓜、芦笋等制作。与主菜同时摆上的生蔬菜沙拉，一般用生菜、番茄、黄瓜、芦笋等制作。沙拉调味汁主要有醋油汁、乳酪沙拉汁等。沙拉调味汁主要有醋油汁、乳酪沙拉汁等。另有炸土豆条、煮菠菜、花椰菜等熟蔬菜沙拉。另有炸土豆条、煮菠菜、花椰菜等熟蔬菜沙

4、拉。 肉、禽类菜肴是主菜。其中最有代表性的是牛肉、禽类菜肴是主菜。其中最有代表性的是牛肉或牛排，肉类菜肴配用的调味计主要有西班肉或牛排，肉类菜肴配用的调味计主要有西班牙汁、浓烧汁精、蘑菇汁、白尼丝汁等。禽类牙汁、浓烧汁精、蘑菇汁、白尼丝汁等。禽类菜肴的原料取自鸡。鸭、鹅；禽类菜肴最多的菜肴的原料取自鸡。鸭、鹅；禽类菜肴最多的是鸡，可煮、可炸、可烤、可炯，主要的调味是鸡，可煮、可炸、可烤、可炯，主要的调味汁有咖喱汁、奶油汁等。汁有咖喱汁、奶油汁等。 西餐的甜品是主菜后食用的，可以算作是第四道菜。从真正意义上讲，它包括所有主西餐的甜品是主菜后食用的，可以算作是第四道菜。从真正意义上讲，它包括所有主

5、菜后的食物，如布丁、冰淇淋、奶酪、水果等等。菜后的食物，如布丁、冰淇淋、奶酪、水果等等。 甜食是西餐中的最后一道菜，分软甜食是西餐中的最后一道菜，分软点、干点和湿点三种。软点大都热吃，如煎饼点、干点和湿点三种。软点大都热吃，如煎饼(Pancake)、烤饼、烤饼(Scone)、松饼、松饼(Muffin)等，以作早餐供应为主。干点都是冷吃，如黄油蛋糕等，以作早餐供应为主。干点都是冷吃，如黄油蛋糕(Butter Cake)，派，派(Pie)、水果馅、水果馅饼饼(Tart)等，一般作为下午茶点。湿点有各种冰淇淋等，一般作为下午茶点。湿点有各种冰淇淋(Ice Cream)、蛋奶酥、蛋奶酥(souffle

6、)、果、果冻冻 (Jelly)、布丁、布丁(Pudding)等，冷热都有，常作午晚餐的点心。等，冷热都有，常作午晚餐的点心。 另外根据客人需要，另外根据客人需要，在甜点前上奶酪，甜点后上咖啡和水果。在甜点前上奶酪，甜点后上咖啡和水果。 Western tablewareWestern tablewareDINING ETIQUETTE+Basic Table MannerslEat with a fork unless the food is meant to be eaten with fingerslDont stuff your mouth full of foodlChew with

7、your mouth closed; this includes no talking with your mouth fulllDont make any rude comments about any food being servedlAlways say thank you when served somethinglIf the meal is not buffet style, then wait until everyone is served before eatingDINING ETIQUETTElEat slowly; dont gobble up the foodlWh

8、en eating rolls, break off a piece of bread before butteringlAsk for far items to be passed to you; dont reach over someones plate for somethinglDont pick anything out of your teethlAlways use a napkin (which should be on your lap when not in used) to dab your mouthlWhen at eating at someones home o

9、r a guest of someone in a restaurant, always thank the host and tell them how delicious it was (even if it wasnt)In the USA, you are not supposed to eat with your hands. But in India you can.IndiaUSACONSOLIDATIONDining Words & Related Sentences+Practice in class the most frequently used Role-pla

10、y +Two diners order dishes, and then talk about the food as well as table ware in the restaurant.CONCLUSION+From time to time - perhaps at an important business dinner, a romantic date at an expensive restaurant, or a first dinner with the family of the person who may be the One - it is necessary to

11、 display a more sophisticated knowledge of table etiquette. This is not difficult, once you have mastered the basics. Anyone armed with this core knowledge and the ability to adapt smoothly to the situation at hand will be able to handle even the most formal event. FOOD CUSTOMS 饮 食 风 俗1.一般喜爱的烹饪方式有：烩

12、、烧烤、煎和油炸。一般喜爱的烹饪方式有：烩、烧烤、煎和油炸。2.对肉类、海鲜、野味的烹调均有独到的方式。对肉类、海鲜、野味的烹调均有独到的方式。3.对牛肉类方面又有特别的偏好，如烧烤牛肉，食用是不仅附上时令的对牛肉类方面又有特别的偏好，如烧烤牛肉，食用是不仅附上时令的蔬菜、烤洋芋，还会在牛排上加上少许的芥末酱。蔬菜、烤洋芋，还会在牛排上加上少许的芥末酱。4.佐料的使用上则喜好奶油及酒类。佐料的使用上则喜好奶油及酒类。5.香料上则喜好豆蔻、肉桂等新鲜香料。香料上则喜好豆蔻、肉桂等新鲜香料。6.英国人喜欢狩猎，一年一次狩猎期中，就许多的饭店或餐厅会推出野英国人喜欢狩猎，一年一次狩猎期中，就许多的饭

13、店或餐厅会推出野味大餐，烹调野味时，均采用些杜松子酒或浆果及酒。味大餐，烹调野味时，均采用些杜松子酒或浆果及酒。.1. Generally preferred cooking methods are: braised, grilled, fried and fried.2. On the meat, seafood, game cooking methods are unique.3. On the beef side there are special preferences, such as barbecue beef, food is not only accompanied by se

14、asonal vegetables, roasted potatoes, but also the steak with a little mustard.4. Seasoning is the use of butter and wine preferences.5. Spices is like cardamom, cinnamon and other fresh spices.6. English people like to hunt, hunting once a year period, on many of the hotels or restaurants will launc

15、h game meal, cooking game, the berries are used and some gin or wine.早餐求快英国餐馆中所供应的餐点种类繁多，有果汁、英国餐馆中所供应的餐点种类繁多，有果汁、水果、蛋类、肉类、麦粥类、面包、果酱及咖水果、蛋类、肉类、麦粥类、面包、果酱及咖啡等啡等The ready meal boom The UK eats the most ready meals in Europe. Pizza, pasta, oven chips all quickly re-heated and no messing. Supermarkets and

16、 convenience stores display a dazzling range - the more exotic the better. 英国人喝早餐茶的习惯英国人喝早餐茶的习惯事实上是英国长久以来事实上是英国长久以来的传统。只是的传统。只是“英国早英国早餐茶餐茶”这一说法却不是这一说法却不是从英国而来的，而是从从英国而来的，而是从殖民地时期从美国而来。殖民地时期从美国而来。英国早餐茶是由集中红茶英国早餐茶是由集中红茶以一定比例拼配而成，是以一定比例拼配而成，是一种口味醇厚，香味浓郁一种口味醇厚，香味浓郁的饮品。适合搭配牛奶和的饮品。适合搭配牛奶和糖。与多姿多彩的英式早糖。与多姿多

17、彩的英式早餐相得益彰。是英国最常餐相得益彰。是英国最常见的一种茶。见的一种茶。午餐从简午餐从简在学校和工作中的成年人许在学校和工作中的成年人许多儿童有一个多儿童有一个“打包午餐打包午餐”。这通常包括一个三明治，一这通常包括一个三明治，一包薯片，水果和饮料片。包薯片，水果和饮料片。“打包午餐打包午餐”装在一个塑料装在一个塑料容器。容器。 最新调查表明，英国现代的最新调查表明，英国现代的上班族们花在午餐上的时间上班族们花在午餐上的时间只有只有3分半钟，因为大家都分半钟，因为大家都挤出大量休息时间办理私事。挤出大量休息时间办理私事。一般认为，英国下午茶的传一般认为，英国下午茶的传统是维多利亚女王时代

18、统是维多利亚女王时代1840年期间由贝德芙公爵夫人安年期间由贝德芙公爵夫人安娜女士所开创的。那时候，娜女士所开创的。那时候，午餐开始得很早，而通常直午餐开始得很早，而通常直到晚上到晚上9点人们才开始吃晚点人们才开始吃晚餐。公爵夫人每到下午便感餐。公爵夫人每到下午便感到百无聊赖甚至饥肠辘辘，到百无聊赖甚至饥肠辘辘，便让女仆准备一些差点，面便让女仆准备一些差点，面包，黄油以及蛋糕送往她的包，黄油以及蛋糕送往她的房间。很快，喝下午茶便流房间。很快，喝下午茶便流行起来。公爵夫人也开始邀行起来。公爵夫人也开始邀请她的朋友共饮下午茶。请她的朋友共饮下午茶。传统的下午茶提供可口的三明治（当然也包括薄薄的黄瓜

19、三明治），由奶油和果酱涂抹的烤饼。蛋糕和面粉糕饼也在下午茶上供应。 正统英式维多利亚下午茶的生活文化内涵 +英国在维多利亚女皇时代英国在维多利亚女皇时代(公元公元18371901)是大是大英帝国最强盛的时代，文化艺术蓬勃发展；人们英帝国最强盛的时代，文化艺术蓬勃发展；人们醉心于追求艺术文化的内涵及精致生活品味。醉心于追求艺术文化的内涵及精致生活品味。+维多莉亚下午茶是一门综合的艺术维多莉亚下午茶是一门综合的艺术,简朴却不寒酸简朴却不寒酸,华丽却不庸俗华丽却不庸俗虽然喝茶的时间与吃的东西虽然喝茶的时间与吃的东西(指纯指纯英式点心英式点心)是正统英式下午茶最重要的一环，但是是正统英式下午茶最重要的

20、一环，但是少了好的茶品、磁器、音乐、甚至好心情，则喝少了好的茶品、磁器、音乐、甚至好心情，则喝下午茶就显得美中不足了。下午茶就显得美中不足了。+随着时代的进步及茶类的种类繁多，不但下午茶随着时代的进步及茶类的种类繁多，不但下午茶的花样多，选择也多，如果利用一个午后，和亲的花样多，选择也多，如果利用一个午后，和亲密的朋友来段午后之约，何尝不是件赏心悦目的密的朋友来段午后之约，何尝不是件赏心悦目的事。事。正式的下午茶点心一正式的下午茶点心一般被垒成般被垒成“三层架三层架”的形式：第一层放置的形式：第一层放置各种口味的各种口味的三明治三明治（tea sandwichtea sandwich），），第

21、二层是英国的传统第二层是英国的传统点心点心司康饼司康饼（sconescone），），第三层则是第三层则是小蛋糕和小蛋糕和水果塔水果塔（cakes and pastries ）。这个三层架点心应先这个三层架点心应先从下往上吃。从下往上吃。 国国菜菜 Fish and chips 鱼和炸土豆条鱼和炸土豆条Fish and chips (sometimes written fish n chips) is a popular take-away food that originated in the United Kingdom in 1858 or 1863. It consists of dee

22、p-fried fish (traditionally cod, haddock or flounder) in batter or breadcrumbs with deep-fried chipped (slab-cut) potatoes. What do you know about British food? Theres more to it than fish and chips and a cooked breakfast. English food may be different from what you expect.FAMOUS DISHES熏烤咸肉，炸蘑菇，炸虾饼，

23、肉末蛋卷，新鲜的生三熏烤咸肉，炸蘑菇，炸虾饼，肉末蛋卷，新鲜的生三文鱼文鱼FAMOUS DISHES康尼马拉龙虾和肥嫩的康尼马拉龙虾和肥嫩的班特里海湾扇贝班特里海湾扇贝WINE ENGLISH WINE INDUSTRY IS VERY STRONG. MORE AND MORE OF THE MANY VINEYARDS ARE PRODUCING WINE AND RED WINE. ENGLISH PUBS EVERYWHERE, HAS SEVERAL FLAVORS, EACH WITH 10,000 LARGE AND SMALL PUBS, WHICH HAVE MANY HUN

24、DREDS OF YEARS OF HISTORY, THIS OLD PUB IS USUALLY HAUNTED LEGENDS, IT IS INTERESTING THAT NOT ONLY DID NOT CARE ABOUT THE OWNER, BUT ALSO HIS HOUSE GHOST LI CHUAN-STORY AS THE GENERAL PUT ON A TABLE IN EACH. SOMETHING FISHY ABOUT THE PUB BUSINESS BETTER AND SELL MORE EXPENSIVE. SUMMARY Today people

25、 in the UK eat a more varied diet than ever before. As well as the regional diets of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland the many immigrant communities have introduced their cuisines to the previously unadventurous Britons: Chinese, Greek, Indian, Italian, Thai, American fast foods such a

26、s pizza, hamburgers and fried chicken have to some extent displaced the traditional fast food of fish and chips. Because of the climate and the Germanic origins of many of its early people, the UK has been a traditionally beer drinking rather than a wine drinking country. Nevertheless, in recent yea

27、rs, vineyards in the south of England have proved successful. In the west of England the traditional drink is cider, rather than beer. Over Britain as a whole, however, the traditional drink is tea.American Food PIZZAS（意大利式）烘焰饼（意大利式）烘焰饼+There are many specialty pizza restaurants in America， and many

28、 of them take telephone orders and deliver pizzas to your home， which can often be convenientThey come in different sizes， and a large one can be big enough for a party of four peopleIf you want to share a pizza but cant agree on the ingredients ， it is possible to order two different sets of toppin

29、gs ，one set on each halfICE-CREAM 冰淇淋冰淇淋+Shops selling large number of different flavors of ice-cream are very common in America If you are not sure what flavor ( 味道味道) you want ，generally you can sample a small spoonful of a particular flavor to see if you like it You can either have your ice-cream

30、 in a “plain cone”（普（普通型锥形物）通型锥形物） or in a “sugar cone”（甜脆型锥（甜脆型锥形物）形物） SOFT DRINKS 软饮料软饮料+Fast-food restaurants do not serve alcoholThe soft drinks most often sold are Coca-Cola and PepsiCola， plus fizzy drinks （which are like lemonade）and root beer （which is like cough medicine）Fizzy drinks are kn

31、own as “carbonated beverages”（碳酸饮料）（碳酸饮料） or ，more colloquially，“soda”，“pop”，“soda pop”，and “soft drinks”+All these drinks come with lost of ice In fact， you will probably find as much ice as drink in your drinkIf you ask for a soft drink without ice， they will think you are funny but will probably

32、oblige（They may charge you a bit extra， for ice is cheaper than Coke） +The Big Apple其实是纽约市的其实是纽约市的“昵称昵称”。如果你旅游的目的地是。如果你旅游的目的地是The Big Apple，那我们可要说，那我们可要说Congratulations（恭喜）了，那可是个美食之都。（恭喜）了，那可是个美食之都。+Hero：首先，你该到饭店去点一份：首先，你该到饭店去点一份hero。别担心，服务生不会当你是。别担心，服务生不会当你是“吃英雄吃英雄”的疯子。的疯子。Hero是纽约人管大个儿意大利潜水艇三明治的叫是纽约人管大个儿意大利潜水艇三明治的叫法。当然，如果你一下子吃了十个法。当然，如果你一下子吃了十个Heroes，可能别人就会说话了：，可能别人就会说话了：“Look at that strange gal！Shes really out in left field！”这里，这里，out in left field 专门用来形容那些古怪或者是莫名其妙的人。专门用来形容那些古怪或者是莫名其妙的人。+Surf nTurf：当然，美食并