todo、doing和done作补语的比较

1、to do、doing和done作补语的比较一、在介词with后作宾补的非谓语动词形式1. with+宾+done，表示宾语与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成或无时间性；2. with+宾+doing，表示宾语与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作的持续进行；3. with+宾+to do，则表示将来的动作，宾语与不定式在逻辑上可以是主动关系也可以是被动关系，注意此时的不定式不是作宾补而是作宾语的定语了。如：1. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _behind his back. (全国卷)A. being tied&

2、#160;B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied【分析】答案选D。his hand与tie是被动关系，且带进时应己捆绑好了，表示“被动、完成”用过去分词作宾补。2. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (上海春)A. settledB. setting C. to settleD. being settled【分析】答案选C。由语境可知，问题还没有解决，用不定式指将来的动作。3. Peter soon fell a

3、sleep with the light still （burn）.【分析】彼得很快睡着了，灯仍然亮着。burning表示持续进行。二、 其宾语后可用分词或不定式的4个动词在leave, want, get, have等动词的宾语后面可接doing、done或to do。现分述如下：leavedoing让一直(主动、持续进行)；leaveto do让去做(主动、将来)；leavedone(被动)。如：1）Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth. (天津卷)A. runB. running C. being run D. to

4、 run【分析】答案选B。the water与run是主动关系，又表示持续进行，用现在分词作宾补。2）Leave the door firmly （fasten）让门紧闭着; 3）Leave her (do) as she likes让她去做她喜欢做的事。KEY: fastened、to dowant sb. doing希望某人做某事(多用于否定)；want sb. to do要某人做某事；want sth. done=want sth. to be done(被动)。如：1）I dont want you (arrive) late. 2）I want the letter (open) n

5、ow. 3）The boss wanted his workers (finish) the job by Friday.KEY: arriving/(to be) opened/ to finishget sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事(主动、将来); getdoing使处于某一状态中(主动、持续); getdone=have sth. done请人做 / 遭受(被动)。如：1)Ill try to get her _ the doctor. (上海卷)A. seeB. seeingC. to seeD. for seeing【分析】答案选C。get sb. to do sth.

6、 使某人做某事。请比较：2)The teacher got the children talking.让孩子说起话来；get the computer repaired将电脑送去修理；get his wrist broken折断了手腕。have sth. done=get sth. done请人做某事; have sb / sth. doing sth. 使某人/某物一直做某事或者处于某种状态；have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事(见使役动词)；have sth. to do有事要做(见非谓语动词作定语部分)。如：1. She had her audience listening a

7、ttentively. 他使观众听得入神。2. He didnt keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch _. (上海卷)A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. repair【分析】答案选B。his watch与repair是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。三、 可用分词但不用to do作补语的5个动词keep, find等后可用现在分词(主动)或过去分词(被动)作补语，一般不用to do。在catch(撞见), smell(闻到), start(使)等

8、后通常只接现在分词作补语，不用不定式或过去分词。如：1. It was so cold that they kept the fire _ all night. (全国卷)A. to burnB. burnt C. burningD. burned【分析】答案选C。keepdoing让一直保持某种状态：让那盆火整夜燃着。 2. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. (全国卷)A. smokeB. smoking C. to smokeD. smoked【分析】答案选B。find后一般不能用to do作

9、补语。he与smoke是主动的，用ing形式作主语补语。3. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. (安徽卷)A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting【分析】答案选D。后通常只接现在分词作补语，catch sb. doing sth. 撞见某人在做某事。4. The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off. (全国卷)A. to have stolen

10、 B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing【分析】答案选D。caught stealing=who was caught stealing，本句相当于：The salesman caught the girl stealing. He scolded her and then let her off. 四、 可用to be或to have done作补语的9个动词在表示“认为”的think, consider, believe, suppose, prove, find, understand, judge, imagine等动词后

11、，可跟to be作补语(认为是)，一般不跟to do；但在think, consider, believe等之后可跟to have done作补语(认为做了)。如：Charles Babage is generally considered _ the first computer. (全国卷)A.to have invented  B.inventing C.to invent D.having invented【分析】答案选A。本题是consider sb. to have done的被动式。make oneself 后常用understood等过去分词作宾补make

12、oneself understood / heard / seen / known让别人明白自己的意思 / 让自己讲的话被别人听到 / 让自己被别人看到 / 让自己被别人认识。如：1. The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _. (全国卷)A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard【分析】答案选D。make himself heard让他讲的话被别人听到。2. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music.

13、 (广西卷)A. making herself hearB. to make herself hearC. making herself heardD. to make herself heard【分析】答案选D。使自己讲的话被别有听到，用make oneself heard，排除A和B；作目的状语用不定式，排除C。在be said / reported等后用不定式在be said, be reported, be believed, be supposed, be thought等后面，以及要求接不定式。1. He was reported to have broken the world

14、record. 据报道他打破了世界纪录。(=It is reported that he has broken the world record. )2. The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. (上海卷)A. cause B. being causedC. to be causedD. to have caused【分析】答案选C。be believed后要接动词不定式，排除A和B；又因为the flu与cause是被动关系，所以要用不定式的被动式。The flu is believed to be caused=It is believed / People believe that the flu is caused人们认为3. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied i