GIS设计4 系统详细设计工具

1、系统详细设计工具2006年11月27日GIS设计课程内容1.熟悉ArcGIS2.总论、设计思想3.系统定义4.总体设计5.详细设计6.数据库设计7.系统实施、测试 (面向对象分析与设计)8. ArcObjects开发9.ArcGIS空间分析1.ArcGIS操作2.软件工程设计 visio3.软件需求规格说明4.总体设计实践5.详细设计实践6.数据库设计实践7.系统实施、测试（UML实践）8.AO实践9.ArcGIS空间分析操作关于作业本节内容n程序流程图nN-S盒式图n问题分析图n类程序设计语言n实习程序流程图(program flow chart)n方框表示处理步骤，菱形框表示逻辑判断，箭头

2、表示控制流过程判断开始终止可选过程流程程序流程图(program flow chart)n优点简单明了、易于掌握适用于具体模块可以嵌套n缺点缺乏全局考虑随意转移流程不易表示数据结构程序流程图示例N-S (nassi-shneiderman)盒式图nnassi和shneiderman开发，经Chapin扩充，所以叫N-S图和Chapin图n始于一个大盒子，内部分解表示不同处理过程n表达清晰n不能任意转移控制流n易于确定数据工作域n易于表示递归盒式图基本结构问题分析图(problem analysis diagram)n日立制作所开发n在Pascal语言基础上发展n二维树状图n结构清晰n自顶而下、

3、逐步细化问题分析图的基本原理类程序设计语言n用程序设计语言的语法控制框架，内部使用自然语言表示数据结构和处理过程n没有图形工具清晰n适于表现算法n便于程序代码转化n将其作为注释插入到程序中，便于维护类程序设计语言的具体形式TYPE drawing IS STRUCTURE DEFINEDnumber IS STRING LENGTH(12);geometry DEFINEDlines: (x, y) start; (x, y) end; line.type;circle: (x, y) center, radius, arc.angle;point: (x, y);curve: (xi, yi

4、) for i 2notes IS STRING LENGTH(256);BOM DEFINEDpart.sequence IS LIST;part.no: STRING format aa-nnnnnn;pointer IS PTR;END drawing TYPE;实习n表现空间自相关计算的算法与设计思路地理学第一定律nThe First Law of Geography: everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things (Tobler, 1979.

5、 Philosophy in Geography).进一步的解释nIt means if features situated close together have similar attribute information, then the pattern in the data can be described as exhibiting positive autocorrelation. When features close together are more dissimilar in attribute value than features further away, patt

6、ern in the data is negatively autocorrelation. Zero autocorrelation exists when attributes or their values are independent of location (Goodchild, 1986).量化方法nMorans Inn is the number of cases. nxi is the variable value at a particular location, xj is the variable value at another location, a is the

7、mean of the variable.nwi, j is a weight applied to the comparison between location i and location j. It is a contiguity matrix: if zone j is adjacent to zone i, the interaction receives a weight of 1. Another option is to make wi, j a distance-based weight which is the inverse distance between locations i and j.nGearys Cna is the mean of x values nwij = 1 if i,j adjacent, else 0 nc is 1 if neighbors vary as much as the sample as a whole nc 1 if neighbors are less similar (negative dependence) niniinjjininjjijiaxwaxaxw