TextASecretsofStraight-AStudents课文词汇注-Unit1

1、1Text A Secrets of Straight-A Students 课文词汇注-Unit 1 college lifeUnit One: College LifeInterpretation of Quotes (弓 I 言解释)OThe things taught i n schools and colleges are not an educati on, but the means to an educatio n.Ralph Waldo Emers onInterpretation:We don t go to school or college to learn, but

2、to seek the way to learn.OEducation is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire. W. B. YeatsInterpretation:In stead of stuffi ng stude nts with kno wledge, real educati on aims at bringing out what is in side stude nts andcultivat ing their pote ntial.OYou cannot teach a man anything; y

3、ou can only help him find it within himself.GalileoInterpretation:Teaching doesn t really help anyone, but it helps a person find out what he/she is good at.Text A Secrets of Staight-A StudentsSection A Discovering the Main IdeasExercise 1. Write down the main idea of the following paragraphs in the

4、 space provided. Answers for reference:1) Para 2: Top students attain academic excellence by mastering a few basic principles thatothers can easily lear n.2) Para 3: Top stude nts lear n to be orga ni zed.3) Para 4: Top stude nts know how to schedule their time properly.4) Para 5: Top stude nts are

5、very serious about school and very active in class.5) Para 6: Stude nts ben efit from group study.Exercise 2: Read the following statements and then decide whether each of them is true or false based onthe information in the text. Write T for True and F for False in the space provided before each st

6、atement.1) T2) T3) F The stude nt does so in order to save time.4) T5) F The stude nt who turns in n eat work is a step closer to a high score.6) T7) F Encouragement rather than pressure from parents helps students a lot.Exercise 3: Summarize the basic principles that top students master and apply i

7、n their studying and putthem down in the space provided.Basic Principles that Top Students Master and Applya. set prioritiesb. study any where or everywherec. study at one s preferred timed. be con siste ntSection B In-depth StudyGood Usage (Para. 1)con ducted major studies super-achiev ing stude nt

8、s top gradesAccord ing to himit is far more importantGood Usage (Para. 2) attain academic excellence mastering a few basic principles how to set their priorities rightStudy time is never compromised for phone calls2In other wordsplaced above recreationIn additionmake a point ofhe works out every day

9、a matter of personal preferenceas soon asfresh in their minds a main factorGood Usage (Para. 3)For example is actively involved in keeps his things in their proper places files the days notes available for reviewimproving ones memory or retention ability lead to a full understanding of the author s

10、messageGood Usage (Para.4) schedule their time pace each assignment or project according to their daily timetable beoverwhelmed by the tasks at hand set timetables prevents them from procrastinating wasting time whispering tofriends getting ready to rush out of the class jot down a two- or three-sen

11、tence summary scans the notes refreshher memoryGood Usage (Para.5)winning formulalies in a students ability to hand in neat work turns in neat work on the way to scoring an A In the classroomcontext to speak up to clarify any doubts demonstrates a student s intellectual curiosity concisely puts itBe

12、tter grades come from better understanding.Good Usage (Para.6) tried different approaches explained their solutions to one another laboured on their ownframe tentative test questions devise possible test questionsGood Usage (Para.7)In the student s wordsThe more you practise, the more you learn.Last

13、 but not leastlies in the crucial contribution by parents set high standards took pains to explain3Key Words and Expressions for Text Aconduct vt.carry out or direct; go with and guide or lead 进行；实施；经营；处理；陪伴；引导， 带领e. g. 1. These studies were conducted by four teams that coordinated their work.2. We

14、are conducting a survey to find out what the customers think of our service. 我们在进行一项调查以了解顾客对我们服务的看法。Collocations:conduct a meeting 主持会议conduct an investigation 进行调查reveal vt.make known sth. that was previously secret or unknown 揭示，透露；使（事实等）显 露出来e.g. 1. Details of the murder were revealed by the loca

15、l newspaper.2. He didn t want to reveal his real feelings.他不想露出他的真实情感。Collocations:reveal sth. to sb. 向某人透露某事reveal sb. to be 显示某人是make the most ofget the best advantage from 最大限度利用e.g. 1. Jim studied hard in the training class; he wanted to make the most of his chance to learn.2. The occasion only

16、comes once in five years, and they naturally make the most of it. 这个机会五年才有一次，他们当然会充分利用。attain vt.fml gain or arrive at, esp. after long effort; reach 正式（长期努力后）获得，达到e.g. 1. He attained fame through many years of hard work.2. We need to identify the best ways of attaining our goals. 我们需要确定达到我们目标的最好方法。

17、CF: attain, achieve & accomplish这三个动词均有 “达到、完成 ”之意。attain 指努力去达成或实现目标，常指事先没有确信会成功而去追求的目标。例如：* She finally attained her ends. 她终于达到了她的目的。* Kacy attained the rank of deputy director. 凯茜当上副经理了。achieve 指由于付出努力而理所当然地实现目标、获得成功。例如：* He will never achieve his objectives if he does not work harder. 如果不加倍努力的

18、话，他永远也实现不了他的目标。accomplish 指完成规定的任务。例如：* He accomplished the building of the bookcase. 他做完了一个书橱。to begin within the first place; firstly 首先；第一点e.g. 1. I m not going; to begin with, I haven t a ticket, and secondly I don2. To begin with, John is too young for that kind of job. 首先，约翰做那种工作太年轻了。in additi

19、on （to）as well （as）; besides 除.之外；另外e.g. 1. In addition to giving a general introduction to computers, the course also provides practical experience.2. In addition to my studies, I got involved in lots of other activities. 除了学习以外，我参加了许多其他活动。make a point of doing sth.take particular care about sth. 特

20、别注意，重视；总是要做（某事）e.g. 1. I always make a point of checking that all the windows are shut before I go out.2. She makes a point of keeping all her shopping receipts. 她总是把所有的购物发票都留起来。perform vi.do; carry out (a piece of work, duty, ceremony, etc.), esp. according to a usual or established method; give, a

21、ct, orshow (a play, a part in a play, a piece of music, tricks, etc.), esp. in the presence of the public 履行，实行，完成；t like the play.4表演e.g. 1. John has been training very hard and he hopes he will perform better for the 100-metre dash.2. Some computers can perform over a billion computations a second

22、. 有些计算机一秒钟能完成超过十亿次运算。CF: perform & conduct这两个动词均有 “做、在行动中执行任务 ”之意。perform 指履行义务、职责或执行命令，所执行的任务一般比较困难和复杂。例如：* He wouldn t promise what he could not perform. 他不会许下无法兑现的承诺。conduct 指挥、实现、进行，词义接近 perform ，但强调指导、领导或监督。例如：* The interview was conducted in English. 面试用英语进行。involve vt.(in, with) (of a situati

23、on or action) have as the people or things taking part 常与 in 或 with 连用 (情况、行动)使陷入，使卷入；牵涉，涉及e.g. 1. Fanny is actively involved in the drama association of our college.2. I didn t mean to get you so much involved in the matter. 我本不想让你这么深地卷入这件事中来。file1. vt. put (papers or letters) in a file 把(文件、信件)汇存起

24、来，把 .存卷(归档)，存档e.g. 1) These notes should be carefully filed away for future reference.2) We file these reports under country of origin. 我们按照原籍国家把这些报告归档保存。2. n. a box, folder, etc. for storing papers in an ordered way, esp. in an office(办公室内的)文件匣(夹)3. n. a line of people one behind the other 纵列4. vi.

25、 march in a file 排成纵队前进e.g. They filed slowly past the grave of their leader. 他们排成一列缓缓地走过他们领 袖的坟墓。advocate vt.speak in favour of; support (an idea or plan), esp. publicly 拥护，提倡，主张e.g.1. The committee doesn t advocate the use of violence.2. Many people advocate building more hospitals. 许多人主张增设医院。sche

26、dule1. vt. (for) usu. pass. plan for a certain future time 常与 for 连用 一般用于被动语态排定；预定；把. 安排在e.g. 1) The opening ceremony ( 开幕式 ) is scheduled to take place on the coming Thursday.2) He is scheduled to leave for London next Monday. 他预定下星期一动身去伦敦。2. n. a planned list or order of things to be done, dealth

27、with, etc. 预定要做事情的安排；计划(表)；程序表；日程表Collocations:on schedule 按照时间表，准时ahead of / behind schedule提前 /落后于时间表be scheduled for June / Monday, etc. 安排在六月 /周一等be scheduled for release / publication / completion, etc. 计划发布 /出版 /完成等be scheduled to do sth. 计划做某事overwhelm vt.usu. passive give too much of a thing

28、 to sb. 常用于被动语态 使受不了，使不知所措e.g. 1. We were all overwhelmed by grief when we heard the news that over 4000 people lost their lives during theearthquake.2. I was quite overwhelmed by all the flowers and letters of support I received. 我收到的所有鲜花和支持信件使我激动得不能自已。at handrather fml near in time or place 较正式即将到

29、来，在手边，在近处e.g. 1. When she writes, she always keeps a dictionary at hand so as to ensure that she uses every word correctlyand appropriately.52. Always have your reference books near at hand. 要经常把参考书摆在手边。 polish vt.improve by practicing; make smooth, bright, and shiny by continual rubbing(通过练习)改进，改善；

30、擦亮e.g. 1. I ll need to polish (up) my French if Ie fomr gmoyinhgotliodaFyra. nc2. Please polish your shoes with a brush. 请用刷子把你的鞋擦亮。 take downwrite sth. down in order to make a record of it记录e.g. 1. Anything you say will be taken down, and may be used in evidence.2. He asked his secretary to take do

31、wn every word he said. 他让他的秘书记下他说的每一句话。 refresh one s memoryremind oneself / sb. of facts by referring to notes, etc.(借助笔记等)使自己(某人)想起e.g. 1. In the middle of his speech he had to refresh his memoy by looking at his notes.2. I looked the word up in the dictionary to refresh my memory of its exact mea

32、ning. 我在词典里查了这个单词，以便更清楚地记得它的确切意思。 promote vt.help the progress of (sth.); encourage or support提倡；促进；助长e.g. 1. The organization works to promote friendship between nations.2. The Prime Minister s visit willmporote the cooperation between the two countries.首相的访问将促进两国间的合作。lie in(of abstract things) exi

33、st in the form of (sb. or sth.)在于e.g. 1. The problem lies in the fact that they do not have a competent leader.2. Our strengths lie in problem solving. 我们的优势在于解决问题的能力。 on the way toabout to obtain sth.; in the course of becoming or doing sth.正在获得；正在变成；正在做e.g. 1. I m now out of hospital and well on t

34、he way to recovery.2. A closed economy will not put a country on the way to prosperity. 闭关自守的经济不会使一个国家富起来。speak upgive one s opinion freely and clearly 畅所欲言，清楚地表明看法e.g. 1. You should never be frightened of speaking up your beliefs under any circumstances.2. If you thought that wasn t fair, why didn

35、t you speak up?如果你认为那不公平，为什么不说出来？ clarify vt.fml make clearer and easier to understand, esp. by explaining and giving more details正式澄清，讲清楚，阐明e.g 1. If you don t understand, ask the speaker to clarify the point.2. I hope that what I say will clarify the situation. 我希望我说的话能讲清楚这一情况。 demonstrate v

36、e or make clear (a fact), esp. by reasoning or providing examples; show or describe clearly (以推理或举例等)论证，证明，证实e.g. 1. Galileo demonstrated that objects of different weights fall at the same speed.2. Our troops demonstrate remarkable courage. 我们的队伍表现出无比的勇敢。approach1. n. C (to) a method of doing sth. o

37、r dealing with a problem 常与 to 连用 方法；步骤 e.g. 1) She took a wrongapproach in solving the problem; that was why she failed.2) I ve just read an interesting book which has a new approach to Shakespeare. 我刚读了一本有趣的书，它采用了一种新的方法来研读莎士比亚。2. n. C (to) a way of getting in 常与 to 连用 通路，入口e.g. All approaches to t

38、he town were blocked. 通往该镇的所有道路都被封锁了。3. n. U (of) the act of coming nearer and nearer 常与 of 连用 靠近；接近；临近 e.g. Our approach drove awaythe wild animals. 我们一走近，野兽全都跑开了。4. v. come near or nearer (to) in space, time, quality, or quantity 走近；靠近，接近 e.g. The time is approachingwhen we will have to leave. 我们要

39、离开的时刻越来越近了。 on one s ownwithout help 独立地，无援地e.g. 1. Although she is still rather weak after the operation, she can now live on her own.62. I can t carry it on my own; it s too heavy. 我一人拿不动，这东西太重了。base onusu. pass. use as grounds, evidence, etc. for sth. else 一般用于被动语态以某事物 为另一事物的根据、证据等e.g. 1. He base

40、d his research results on his own practical experiences in the countryside.2. I feel he s doing something wrong, but I ve got nothing to base it on.我感到他做错了什么事，可我又没有证据。confirm vt.give support or certainty to (a fact, belief, statement, etc.) , e.g. by providing more proof or by stating that sth.thing

41、is true or correct 证实；进一步确定e.g. 1. It has been confirmed that Barbara will play the principal part in the new movie.2. I just want to confirm that all the arrangements have been made. 我要确认所有计划都安排好了。devise vt.plan or invent, esp. cleverly 策划；想出；设计；发明e.g. 1. Long-term objectives must be devised if you

42、 want to run your business successfully.2. A vehicle was devised a few years ago which permitted movement over difficult land and could fly for ashort distance. 几年前人们设计了一种交通工具，它能在难于行走的地面上行动并能短距离飞 行。 employ vt.fml use正式使用e.g. 1. The police had to employ force to enter the building.2. We employ differ

43、ent technical tools for the reception and evaluation of the heat energy. 我们使用不同的技术工具接收和测量热能。assign vt.(to) give as a share or duty 常与 to 连用 分配；分派，指派e.g. 1. He was assigned to work in a research centre in the army.2. We ve assigned Chris to the advertising campaign. 我们已经把广告宣传的工作布置给了克里斯。undertake vt.(

44、undertook, undertaken ) take up or accept (a duty or piece of work, esp. one that is difficultor needs effort) 承担，接受(责任、艰苦的工作等)e.g. 1. She undertook responsibility for the failure in our marketing project.2. If you undertake the project, you are bound to encounter difficulties. 如果你承接这项工程的话，免不了会遇到许多困

45、难。Collocations:undertake a task 承担一项任务undertake to do sth. 承担做某事的任务 pressure vt. & n.(try to) make (sb.) do sth. by using strong or unfair influence; forceful influence; strongpersuasion 对. 施加压力；压力e.g. 1. We shouldn t be pressured into making hasty decision; instead, we must take all things into con

46、sideration.2. The chairperson accepted our proposal under pressure. 主席在压力下接受了我们的提议。Collocations:pressure sb. into doing sth. 迫使某人做某事pressure sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事 take pains to do sth.take great care or make a careful effort to do sth. 煞费苦心(做)；(为 .)费尽心机e.g. 1. He took great pains to learn Spanish b

47、ecause he wanted to travel in South America.2. Do you think it worthwhile to take such pains to do this job? 你这么费心做这事，你觉得值得吗？motivate vide (sb.) with a (strong) reason for doing sth. 激发，激励，使 . 产生动机e.g. 1. The new plan is devised to motivate employees to work more efficiently.2. Every manager m

48、ust motivate and encourage his employees. 每个管理者都必须激励和鼓励他的雇员。Difficult Sentences for Text A1. it is far more importa nt for a stude nt to know how to make the most of his or her innate abilities. (Para. 1)Q: What does this sentence imply?A: Being bright doesn t necessarily make one a top student. Wha

49、t is of more importance is that he / she learns7how to make the best use of the abilities that he / she is born with.2. The students at the top of the class attain academic excellence by mastering a few basic principles that others caneasily learn. (Para. 2)Q: According to the above sentence, how ca

50、n one become a top student?A: Anyone can be a top student if he / she adopts some basic principles that are not difficult for others to learn.3. Study time is never compromised for phone calls, television programmes or snacks. (Para. 2)Q: Please paraphrase this sentence.A: They never give up study t

51、ime to make phone calls, watch television or have snacks, for it would be againsttheir principles to do so.4. According to one professor, the student who turns in neat work is already on the way to scoring an A. (Para. 5)Q: What does this sentence imply?A: One professor said that the student who tur

52、ns in a piece of neat work is likely to get a very good score.Extended Questions Extended questions (Para. 1)Q: Do you think one needs to be bright to become a top student?A: Not necessarily so. Diligence and be tter use of one s innate abilities are very important. Extended questions (Para. 2)Q: Ba

53、sed on your own study habits, do you agree with the views of those students interviewed?A: (Open.) Extended questions (Para. 4)Q1: Reflect on your own study habits. What are some of your own learning strategies in terms of getting organized?A1: Possible answers are:l previewing lessons before class;

54、l reviewing lessons after class;l taking good notes in class;l ensuring a fixed amount of time for study on a daily basis;l finishing assignments or projects days before the deadline;l scanning the notes taken in class before the next day s class;Q2: Do you think good learning strategies are importa

55、nt in your studies?A2: Good strategies are certain to enhance learning, e.g. advance organizers, selective attention, self-management,repetition, note-taking, grouping, contextualization, inferencing, and cooperation. Extended questions (Para. 5)Q: What is the possible reason to account for the idea

56、 thatudent who turns “in ntheeatstwork isalready on the way to scoring an A ”?A: A piece of neat work reflects, to some extent, the effort the student has made in doing his work. Furthermore, apiece of neat work may have some psychological impact on the professor who reads it. Normally people tend t

57、ogive a higher score to a piece of neat work, other things being equal. Extended questions (Para. 6)Q1: What does the word “ labour ” reveal about studying on one s own?A1: When someone labours to do something, that person does it with difficulty. By using“ labour ” to describe studying on one s own

58、, the writer emphasizes the value of group study.Q2: Which do you prefer, study in a group or studying alone?A2: Possible answers: I prefer group study because I may learn better by discussing homework and problemstogether with my partners.I don t like group work, as I feel I m most efficient when s

59、tudying alone. Extended questions (Para.7)Q1: Do you believe in the saying “ The more you practise, the more yWouhlye?arn. ”? A1: Possible answers: Iagree with the saying “ The more you practise, the more you learn.However, I also hold the value of thorough understanding rather than mechanical memorization.Q2: Do you think parents play an influential role in the academic life of a child?A2: Yes, I think my parents play an influential role in my academic life in terms of family environment, parents as rolemodels, and parenting skills, etc. 课文参考译文优等生的