2019年石油钻井词汇

1、石油钻井词汇Part One SLICK-LINE (钢 丝作业)A. TOOLSrope socket 绳帽stem加重杆roll stem滚轮加重杆 Tungsten stem 鸨力口重杆 Lead stem铅加重杆 link jar机械震击器 tubular jar管状震击器 hydraulic jar液压震击器 spring jar弹簧震击器 knuckle joint 万向节 swivel joint 旋转节 wellhead adapter 井口变扣短节 X-Over变扣gauge cutter 通井规selective downshift tool 选择性 滑套开关工具shift

2、ting tool 移位工具 blind box 盲锤L.I.B(lead impression block)铅 印swaging tool 胀管器spear打捞矛prong grab内捞矛 center spear 外捞矛 catcher捕捉器 wirefinder钢丝探测器 Go devil-F.B平底撞棍 Go devil-C.B刀杆撞棍 retriever钢丝打捞器 overshot卡瓦打捞筒magnetic fishing tool 磁力打捞工 且 /、sidewall cutter 舌管刀 alligator grab 鱼野鱼爪 sand bailer 捞沙筒pipe wrench

3、 管钳 tong chain 链钳 spanner 扳手 wireline clamp 钢丝夹 hay pulley地滑轮 dump bailer 倾倒筒 saw锯子 saw blade 锯条 punch冲子 file锂刀flat file板锂，扁锂hammer榔头pliers,vice 老虎钳wire cutter 断线钳forfex剪刀tongs大钳，钳子，管钳flat bit tongs 扁嘴钳screwdriver改锥，螺丝刀wire stripper剥皮钳，掳线钳 wire-stripper pliers 剥线钳B. EQUIPMENTstuffing box 防喷盒lubricat

4、or upper section 上防喷管lubricator middle section 中防喷 管lubricator lower section 下防喷管 blowout preventer(BOP)防喷 央wellhead adapter 井口变扣短节Lincoln pump 林肯泵hand pump assy.for stuffingbox手压泵Fire extinguisher 灭火器hand tool box手工具箱injector注油器lifting cap BOP 吊帽trolly防喷管支撑架parasol 阳伞work vice 台钳chain block 链葫芦tie

5、down chain 系紧链fixed pulley 定滑轮wobble pump 手摇泵wire line clamp车闪丝夹wire rope sling 绳套，钢丝吊绳winch绞车winch barrel(drum)绞车滚筒winch brake绞车杀【J车winch drive shaft universaljoint绞车主动轴万向节winch drum shaft绞车滚动轴winch line吊装用绳套winch control panel 绞车控制面 板winch truck 吊车C. OPERATIONSRTTS Operation for Shoot andPull RTTS

6、完井服务RTTS Operation for CementSqueezing RTTS固井服务(挤水 泥)Pulling Y Block 捞 Y 堵塞器 Open SSD(Slide Side Door)开生 产滑套Close SSD(Slide Side Door)关生 产滑套Open Circulating SSD(Slide Side Door)开循环滑套Close Circulating SSD(Slide Side Door)关循环滑套Running Gauge Cutter 通井 Clean up地面完井放喷 Open Drain Valve 砸泻油阀 Pulling Test P

7、lug 捞测试阀 Running Jet Pump 投射流泵 Pulling Jet Pump 捞射流泵 Running Flow Regulator 投配水 央Pulling Flow Regulator 捞配水器 Fishing Drop Bar 捞点火棒 Measuring Static Pressure测静压 Measuring Flowing Pressure 测流 压Measuring BHPBU(Bottom Hole Pressure Build Up)测压力恢复 Measuring BHP(Bottom Hole Pressure) Testing with Jet Pump

8、带泵测压(射流泵) Multi-Rate BHP(Bottom Hole Pressure) Testing 系 统试井 Slick-lineOperationforCompletion钢丝配合完井服务 Slick-lineOperationforacidizing配合酸化钢丝作业 Running Plug投堵塞器 Pulling Plug捞堵塞器 Run Impression Block 下铅印 Running Prong投平衡杆 Sand Level detection 探沙面 Run Sand Bailer 下捞砂桶 Open SSSV(Sub Surface Safety Valve)

9、 by Force强行打开井下安 全阀Running Go Devil 剪切钢丝 Fishing Slickline 打捞钢丝 Running Side Pocket Plug 投偏 心堵塞器Pulling Side pocket Plug 捞偏心 堵塞器Running Side Pocket CheckValve投偏心阀Pulling Side Pocket Check Valve捞偏心阀 Sand Sampling 取砂样 Stable Test稳定试井 Slickline Swab 抽吸 Running Hanger 投悬挂器 Pulling Hanger 捞悬挂器D. SPARE PA

10、RTSgrease injection control head 注月旨 头grease oil注月旨油 grease oil tank注月旨油桶 BOP pump c/w hose手压泵及管 线pressure test hoseM 压管线 lubricator bleed off manifold 防 喷管针阀Martin Decker W-15 oil 马丁代 克油Martin Decker WT indicator c/w hose指重器及管线 picking for stuffing box 盘根 bearing for the sheave for stuffing box轴承O-

11、ring for lubricator 防喷管 O 环 ram assembly for BOP 防喷管闸 板总成O-ring for BOP BOP O 环 O-ring for wellhead adapter 井口 变扣O环 pin销钉 counter head 计数头 cable for counter计数器软轴 bearing of hay pulley 地滑轮轴承Part two Pressure gauge accordance 一致，和谐 accuracy精确性，正确度 acquisition获得，获得物 alignment校直，调准 append附加，添加，悬挂 apply申

12、请，应用 available可利用的，有用的 battery 电池 battery housing 电池筒 battery tester电池测量器 baud rate波特率 bull nose 底堵cable电缆，电线cable head电缆头，电缆接头calculation计算，考虑calibration标度，刻度，校准calibration drift 漂移calibration parameter 标定参数cartesian笛卡儿曲线certification 证书com port串行通讯端口command命令，掌握，支配communicate沟通，交流，通讯compensate偿还，补

13、偿configuration 构造，结构，配置，夕卜 形configure配置，设定consist组成，构成control panel控制面板convert转换，使转变cross-over between gauge 压力计间变扣crystal水晶，晶体current 电流damage危险，损害data acquisition 获得数据decode解码，译解delta time累计时间deviate 偏离diagnostic 诊断diameter 直径digital数字的directory 目录discussion 论display显示器，显示，展示downhole tools 井下工具dra

14、in消耗，耗尽dump data回放数据durability 耐用性element元素，元件，成分elevated temperature 高温encoder译码器，编码器establish建立，安置filter过滤，筛选firmware固件（软件硬件相结合）fixed rate固定采样率flash闪光，闪现frequency频率，周率gauge压力计graph图表，曲线图grease for transducer# 感器用油 housing壳，壳体incorporate合并，混合indicate 指出，显示individual个别的，单独的install安装，安置instrument工具，器

15、械，器具interface box 接口箱interface box 接口箱internal diagnostics 内部诊断lapse失误，下降，过失linear plot线性平面图log日志maintenance维护，保持manual手册，指南manufacture 制造，力口工merge合并,并入,结合memory存储器，内存module模块observe观察，观测offer提供，企图parallel communication 并行通信period周期，时期plug堵，塞，插上，插栓port 端口,港口potential潜在的，可能的presentation 陈述，表达presenta

16、tion software 操作软件printer 打印机prior优先的，在前的procedure步骤，手续program程序，节目prune剪除，修剪，删除quality质量，品质，性质quartz石英range范围，射程real time实际时间record mode记录模式reduce减小，缩小，简化remote control遥控，遥控操作remove移动,开除移交require请求，要求resolution 分辨率response0 答，响应scale刻度，天平，比例尺select选择，挑选setup机构，安装，装备，组织silicone oil 硅油sleep mode休眠模式s

17、panner for gauge压力计专用扳手SRO(surface read-out)地面直读 surpass超过，胜过 talk mode对话模式 terminal终点终端 thread grease 丝扣油 transducer传感器，变频器，交换 器transient短暂的，瞬时的 transmit传输，传送，发射信号 transport传送器，运输机 transportation box 压力计箱 troubleshooting发现并修理故障 truncate截取，修剪 update更新，校正，修正 upload上载variable rate可变采样率 various不同的，多样的

18、version版本，译本 volt伏特voltage 电压 wand棒，棍，杖 zoom放大，缩放Part three PVT 取样air chamber plug extractor 空气 室拉出手柄air chamber plug retaining ring extractor梭管套旋出手柄 air chamber tube assy导流管 air hose assy.扫空管allen key 内六角autoclave vacuum nipple 抽真空 头B/bench hose assy样瓶转样管 back-up ring 背环 compression spring 压缩弹簧 fil

19、ler funnel 漏斗 flow regulator body 节流器 flow regulator end cap 端帽 flow regulator extractor 节流器拉 出手柄fuse/110V 保险丝 /110V glycol甘醇heating jacket for cylinder 样瓶力口 温器heating jacket for sampler 取样器 加温器holder装配手柄 internal circlip 内簧卡 internal circlip for cylinder 取样瓶卡环lock grubscrew 锁紧螺丝needle valve 针阀needl

20、e valve assy.extractor 针阀 手柄needle valve body 针阀组件 needle valve BUR former 针阀 背环工具off ball 钢球off diskspring 弹簧片piston assy.活塞总成piston removal 活塞移位工具piston ring 活塞环piston rod活塞杆piston valve stem 梭阀杆pols-lock pin 锁定销车了pols-lock spring锁定销钉弹簧 posi lock pin depressing tool 锁定 按压工具prime hand pump 注油器prime

21、 hand pump adaptor 注油器 适配器prime port adaptor assy.力口压 口 适配器prime port nipple plug 力口压口堵 头prime port spanner 力口压阀扳手 prime pump assy.手压泵适配器 prime pump hose assy.手压泵输 出管push rod 推杆relief valve stem 调压阀杆retaining ring 制动环reversible circlip pliers 卡簧手钳 safety solvent 清洗液sample analysis 试样分析，样品 分析sample a

22、nalyzer试样分析器sample bailer 采样筒sample blob井底取样器sample bomb高压取样瓶，样品 存储器sample bottle取样瓶，采样瓶 sample bottle valve adaptor 样瓶 接头sample chamber样品室sample cock取样旋塞，取样拷克 sample collection 取样才羊品收集 sample collection procedure 取样 点,采样点sample collector 取样程序sample connection 试样收集器, 采样员sample container取样接头 sample c

23、ontamination 样瓶才羊筒, 样品容器sample cup样品污染sample cylinder 样品杯sample cylinder tag 样瓶，样筒 sample date样瓶标签 sample depth取样日期 sample frequency 采样深度 sample hose采样信号sample identification 取样井，采 样井sample integrity 采样频率 sample interval样品管，采样胶皮 管sample period样品鉴定 sample point样品的真实性 sample signal取样C隔，取样速 度sample wel

24、l取样周期sampler hose assy取样器软管总 成setting screw制动螺丝setting fork导流叉管setting tool空气定位销手柄 setting tool梭杆推进套 shuttle mechanism assy.触发机 构tee ring seals T 型密封环test gauge压力表tool body clamp 取样器夹具 tool dressing aids 更换'O'环工具 torque wrench 扭矩扳手 torque wrench adaptor扭矩扳手 接头torque wrench adaptor扭矩扳手 接头tran

25、sfer bench assy 转样器总成 transfer lock sleeve 转样护帽 transfer port adaptor 转样适配器 transfer port plug 转样 口堵头 trigger mech. assy.触发机构总成 trigger spring 触发弹簧 vacuum hand pump 真空泵 vibra gauge 压力表Part four Others Aa directional engineer 定向井工bit position钻头位置casing scraper 套 管器程师bit sub钻头接头casing shoe 套管鞋a drilli

26、ng engineer 钻井工程师bit time钻头纯钻时间casing sub套管接头a drilling supervisor 钻井监督bit tooth钻头牙齿casing tong 套#钳a senior mud engineer 高级泥浆bit torque钻头扭矩cathead 猫头工程师bit type钻头型号cave in坍塌a toolpusher队长，技师bit wear钻头磨损cement水泥abandoned drill 弃船演习blasting cap 雷管cement basket 水泥伞accelevator 促凝剂blow out 井喷cement bond

27、log固井质量检acidity 酸性blow out preventer 防口验adapter 接头boiler锅炉cement flush水泥冲洗additive添加剂/处理剂bolt螺栓cement slurry 水泥浆ahead water 先行水bolt,nut螺丝，螺母cement slurry for lead 先行水air chamber 空气包bore hole 裸眼泥浆air hoist气动绞车bore hole well 井壁cementing 固井alarm警报boring 钻孑 Lcementing line 固井管线alkalinity碱性泥浆比重bottom hol

28、e 井底cementing pump 固井泵amplitude log声幅测井bottom fill 沉砂center latch elevator门吊anchor锚bottom hole pressure 井底压力卡angle角钢bottom hole pressure 井底压力centralizer套管扶正器annular return velocity 泥浆返回bottoms up携带岩屑centrifugal pump 离心泵流速box母扣chain block 倒链annular space环形空间brake刹车change bit换钻头annular velocity 环空流速br

29、eak out 隹咛口chart卡片apparent viscosity 视黍占度breech lock 泡栓check valve 单流阀asbestos5 棉build up压力恢复chemical tank化学药剂缸assistant tug boat 护航船bulk density堆积密度；松装密chemical treatment 化学处理assistant driller 副钻度chemicals化学剂aviation fuel 航空油bulk tank 灰罐choke油嘴Bbumper sub缓冲器buoyancy coefficient 浮力系数choke line阻流管汇ch

30、oke manifold 试油树back off 倒扣bushing 补芯christmas tree 采油树back pressure 回压butane 丁烷circulating pressure 循环压力back pressure valve 回压阀 ball 球Ccirculation 循环circulation rate 循环速度ball up泥包cable电缆clamp k子barge engineer平台工程师calcium remover 除钙剂clay contamination 粘土侵barite重晶石calculating free piont 计算卡点clock时钟be

31、aring 轴承深度clog house值班房bearing angle 方位calibration 亥 U 度cock水龙头bed床casing套管，螺纹联接的兀接箍coefficient of friction 摩擦系behind water 尾水casing head 套管头数bit钻头casing spool套管四通colloid 胶体bit bearing钻头轴承casing burst pressure 套管破裂completion 兀井bit breaker钻头装隹口器压力computer计算机bit cost钻头成本casing elevator 套管吊 kconductor隔

32、水导管bit diameter钻头直径casing monkey board 套管平cone牙轮bit gauge钻头规台cone bit牙轮钻头bit life钻头寿命casing pressure 套压connectorbit nozzle钻头水眼casing program 套管程序contamination of mud 泥浆污染contract 合同contractor 承包商control room 控制室 conventional mud 普通泥浆 cooker炊事员 core岩心core barrel 取芯筒core bit取芯钻头core catcher 岩心爪core gu

33、n取芯器core handling tools 取芯工具core recovery取芯收获率coring取芯coupling联接扣cover外壳crane operator 吊车司机critical velocity 临界速度cross十字接头cross over,x-over(XO)大小头，短节，变扣接头，旁通管crossover sub酉己合接头crown block 天车 cut off workline 割大绳 cylinder 缸Ddaily production 日产量deadline 死绳deadline anchor死绳固定器 deck甲板declination偏差/方位角de

34、gas se除气器dehydration 失水densimeter 密度计depth井深derrick 井架derrick man 架工desander除砂器desilter沉淀池，滤水池detonator 炸药deviation survey 井斜测量diamond bit金刚石钻头die collar打捞卡瓦diesel oil 柴油different pressure sticking 压差卡钻directional well 定向井 discharge of pump 泵排量 dispersing agent 分散剂displace 替diver潜水员doctor医生drag遇阻dra

35、w works 绞车drier(dring oven)干燥计drift angle 倾角drift mandrel 通径规drifting 通径drill pipe 钻杆drill spool钻井四通drill stem 钻柱drill strings 钻杆拄drill water 钻井水drill collar 钻铤drill floor 钻台drill floor 钻台driller 司钻drilling 钻进drilling technician 钻井技术员drilling assembly 钻具组合drilling break进尺突然加快drilling cost钻井成本drillin

36、g crew钻井队员drilling engineer 钻井工程师drilling equipment 钻井装置，钻机drilling line 大绳drilling log钻井记录drilling ration 钻速drilling recorder 钻井记录仪drilling rig 钻井船drilling troubles 井下事故drum shaft滚筒轴DST(drill stem test)延长 DST 测试dump valve放泄阀duplex slush pump双缸泥浆泵 DV collar分级注水泥短接DV port DV 孔Eelbow弯接头electric loggin

37、g 电测electric submerged pump(ESP)电潜泵electrician 电工elevator 吊卡elevator link 吊环emulsifier 孚 L 化剂engine room 机舱erecting equipment 安装设备erecting tools 安装工具erode out 刺坏error误差ethane乙烷exploration 勘探extended well testing 延长测试external upset 夕卜力厚Ffalse threading 造扣field maintenance现场维护，现场保养ne灌泥浆管线filling up mu

38、d 灌泥浆filter cake 泥饼filter paper 滤纸：filtration educing agent 降失水剂finger board 指梁fire drill消防演习fishing 打捞fishing bumper sub 打捞缓冲器fishing jars打捞震击器fishing job打捞作业fishing neck 打捞颈fishing tools打捞工具fishing up打捞出落鱼flash welded tool joint 闪光焊接接头flashlight 手电float collar 浮箍float shoe 浮鞋floor man 钻工flow放喷flow

39、 line泥浆出口管线flow rate 流量flow line出油管flow rate 流速flowing bean(nipple)油嘴flowing pressure gradient 流压梯度fluid loss失水量fluorescence荧光反应formation 地层formation conductivities 地层电导率formation damage 破坏地层fracturing 压裂hole size井眼尺寸jars震击命free pipe未卡部分钻柱hole straightening 井眼校正 /纠joint单根free point自由点斜junk basket 打&

40、#174;ISfree standing mast 无绷轻便hook大钩井架hook load大钩负荷Kfresh water 淡水hook load off bottom 钻柱离kelly方钻杆full hole(FH)贯眼扣底时大钩负荷kelly bushing方钻杆补芯function 函数hook position 大钩kelly cock方钻杆考可funnel viscometer漏斗黍占度计hopper漏斗kelly down 方入hose软管/水龙市kelly down depth 方入深度Ghull船身kelly drive方钻杆滚子补芯gamma ray 射线hydrauli

41、c pressure 静水压力kelly spinner方钻杆旋扣器gamma ray log自 然测井hydraulic oil 液压油kelly up 方余gas reservoir 气层hydrostatic pressure静水压 力key seat 键槽gas analysis气体分析key seating sticking 键钻gas chromatography 气体色谱Ikick井涌仪IF(internal flush)内平扣kick control控制井涌gas cut气侵indented bolt齿纹螺栓kill line压井管汇gas in mud泥浆中气量indente

42、d chisel齿状钻头，牙轮钻killing a wellgas oil ratio 油气比头gas out气侵indirect flushing反循环洗井，反Lgas showing气体显示向冲洗laminar flow 层流gasoline 汽油induction electrical survey 感latching elevator 扣后卡gauge量规应电测井lay down 甩gear牙轮inertia brake惯性刹车lay time迟到时间gel凝胶initial gel strength 出切leak 漏gel cement胶质水泥inner barrel内岩心筒life

43、 raft救生筏gel mud胶质泥浆inner string cementing 内管注lifeboat救生艇gel strength 切力水泥lift jacket 救生衣generator 机input输入lifting sub提升知接geothermal gradient 地温梯度insert bit镶齿钻头light weight mud 轻泥浆goose neck鹅颈管inside bop drill安装回压凡尔lignite铁络盐grade级/等级演习lignite mud铁络盐泥浆grease黄油intake profile 吸水剖面lime石灰guide shoe 弓唯int

44、ernal upset 内力口厚lime mud石灰泥浆gun perforation 射孑 L 完井internal-external upset 内夕卜力口limit switch相限开关gypsum mud石膏泥浆厚line管线interpreter 翻译line cleaning管线清洗Hinvaded zone 侵入带line test管线试压hammerinvasion diameter 侵入直径liner缸套，尾管hard ware 硬件inverse circulation 反洗井liner hanger 尾管挂heavy mud重泥浆/加重泥浆inverse well-flu

45、shing 反洗井living quarters 居住区heavy viscosity mud 高粘泥浆isobutane 异丁烷loading 装船heavy weight drill pipe 力口 重isopentane 异戊烷logging cable测井电缆钻杆logging program 测井程序heavy bodied很稠的，粘滞的Jlogging tool测井工具helicopter直升飞机jack knife mast折叠式轻便井loosen放松helicopter port 飞机平台架lost circulation 井漏helmet安全帽jack up type dri

46、lling unit 自lost circulation materials 堵漏剂hole opener 扩眼器升式钻井船lubricating oil 润滑油lubricator(assembly,system)防 喷MW（mud weight）泥浆重量，泥浆pincers 钳子管（装置，系统）密度pipe wrench管子扳手piston活塞MNpiston rod活塞杆machine oil 机油nail车丁子pit drill防喷演习main tug boat 主拖轮natural flow 自喷pit level泥浆液卸make up上扣NDBOPS(nipple down blo

47、woutpit level泥浆池液卸make up torque上扣扭矩preventers）卸下防喷器组pit volume increase 泥浆增力口mast钻机NDT(nipple down tree)拆卸井口H Mmaster bushing转盘大补芯装置，拆卸采油树plastic viscosity 塑性黏度master valve 总闸门near bit stabilizer 金钻头扶正plug水泥塞material man 材料员央plug container 水泥头mean sea level 平均回neutron申子射线plug flow 塞流mechanic机械工nipp

48、le down 隹口下，拆隹口plugging back cementing 回堵mechanist机械师nipple seating 座落接头注水泥methane 甲烷no return未返回水泥浆pollution 污染mica公用normal circulation 正循环polymer聚合物milled teeth bit 铳齿钻头normal butane 止烷portland cement硅酸盐水泥milling tool铳具/磨鞋normal pentane 正戊烷potassium chlorate 氯化车甲miring water 溶解水nozzle size水眼尺寸powe

49、r slip动力卡瓦mixing pump 混合泵nut螺母power source 电源monkey board 二层台Opower swivel动力水龙头morning tour 白班off bottom不接触井底power tong动力人钳motormen 机工office办公室power law model 曷律模型mouse hole 鼠洞oil base mud油基泥浆pressure decline 压力降mud泥浆oil reservoir 油层pressure equilibrium 压力平衡mud agitator泥浆搅拌命on bottom接触井底pressure gag

50、e 压力表mud balance泥浆密度计open打开pressure gradient 压力梯度mud column泥浆柱open hole 裸眼pressure gradient 压力梯度mud conditioning 泥浆处理 /配opening 扩眼pressure 10ss压力损失泥浆o-ring O 环pressure loss in pipe 管内压力mud conductivity泥浆导电率outer barrel外岩心筒损失mud density泥浆密度oven烘箱pressure of mud column 泥浆mud ditch泥浆槽over pulling柱压力mud

51、 flow meter泥浆流重计overshot打捞筒pressure loss in annular环空压力mud gun泥浆枪P损失mud line泥浆管线packer封隔器pressurized air 压缩空气mud logging泥浆录井packing密圭寸圈preventer of double ram type 双mud pump泥浆泵paint油漆闸板式防喷器mud resistivity泥浆电阻率panel ffi®production 生产mud retort泥浆蒸播水paraffin plugging 蜡堵propane 丙烷mud return line泥浆返

52、出管线paraffin valve 清蜡闸门pry bar撬杠，杠杆mud tank泥浆池paraffin-treatment 清蜡处理pull out of the hole 起钻mud temperature 泥浆温度paraffin-troubles 结蜡井pulley滑轮mud testing泥浆测试parts零件pulley滑轮mud volume泥浆量pentane 戊烷pulling slip 起卡瓦mud weight indicator 泥浆比PH control additive PH 控制剂pumice重计phenolphthalein 酚®pump count

53、累计泵冲数mud tank泥浆罐pile hammer 打桩机pump efficiency 泵效multiple completion 多层pin销子，公扣pump pressure泵压pump speed泵速pump stroke counter 泥浆泵冲数pup joint 短接put into gear 挂挡put on break杀1J车，制动PWV(production wing valve)生产翼阀Qquick coupling快速接头，快接管箍Rradio operator 电报员radioactivity log 放射性测井rag line 大棕绳rain density颗粒

54、密度rat hole 鼠洞rate of penetration 转速reamer释放，丢手reaming转轴扶正器recorder 戈U 眼red lead记录仪reducer丝扣油，铅油，管件润滑油regular大小头release正规扣relief valve泄压阀，泄流阀reserve pit 储存池reservoir pressure 油层压力retarder缓凝剂return返回水泥浆return mud反出泥浆returning fluid 井口 反出液reverse circulation 反循环 reverse circulation 反循环 revolution 运转revolution 转数revolutions per minut