被动语态精讲

1、被动语态初中被动语态语法讲解(一)语态分类英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give为例，列表如下：一般现在时：am/is/are+done一般过去时：was/we

2、re+done一般将来时：shall/will+bedone一般过去将来时：should/would+bedone现在进行时：am/is/are+being+done过去进行时：was/were+being+done现在完成时：have/has+been+done过去完成时：had+been+done将来完成时：shall/will+havebeen+done过去将来完成时：should/would+havebeen+done注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态1.一般现在时：(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.

3、Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.2.一般过去时：(1)Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.3.一般将来时：(1)Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.4.过去将来时：(1)Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.Themanagersaidtheprojec

4、twouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.5.现在进行时：(1)TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.6.过去进行时：(1)Theworkersweremendingtheroad.Theroadwasbeingmended.7.现在完成时：(1)Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.8.过去完成时：(1)

5、WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.(四）含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。(1)Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass. Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.(五)被动语态的使用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短

6、语。“Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in+名词作状语，而代替by短语。ThesecarsweremadeinChina.(六)主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.主语谓语宾语Iwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.主语

7、谓语宾语（2）Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool.1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in+地点名词作状语。(七)语态转换时所注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。Weha

8、veboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.注意：1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如

9、：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。(1) Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.(2)Mybikewaslenttoher.2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。(1)Anewskirtwasmadeforme.(2)Themeatwascookedforus.(3)Somecountrymusic

10、wasplayedforus.3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：不及物动词+介词，如:agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout等。Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.Theproblemissolved.Itneedntbetalkedabout.及物动词+副词：如：bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,point

11、out,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。Hisrequestwasturneddown.Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather4.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：(1)Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.(2)Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.Weweretoldtofoll

12、owherinstructions.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to的问题。Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.5.当主动句的主语是nobody,noone等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：Nobodycananswerthisquesti

13、on.误：Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.正：Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.6.当否定句中的宾语是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing,nobody,noone作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：Theyhaventdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean.误：Anythinghasntbeendonetomaketheriverclean.正：Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.7.以

14、who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用bywhom放在句首：Whowrotethestory?误：Whowasthestorywritten?正：Bywhomwasthestorywritten?8. 有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：(1)Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。(2)Thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。对比：Thebookssellwe

15、ll.(主动句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被动句)Themeatdidntcookwell.(主动句)Themeatwascookedforalongtime.(被动句)9.下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。第二，谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.误：Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.Shehadh

16、erhandburned.误：Herhandwashadburned.第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。如：Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.误：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.误：Thes

17、unhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.误：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：ItaughtmyselfEnglish.误：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachother.误：Eachotherisloved.10. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：据说Itissaidthat据报导Itisrepo

18、rtedthat据推测Itissupposedthat希望Itishopedthat众所周知Itiswellknownthat普遍认为Itisgenerallyconsideredthat有人建议Itissuggestedthat1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.初中被动语态练习题1.()1ThePeoplesRepublicofChina_onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.

19、wasfound()2English_inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsong_bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4Thiskindofcar_inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputers_allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused2()1Ourroommust_c

20、lean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()2-Idliketobuythatcoat.-Imsorry._.A.itsoldB.itssellingC.ItsbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()3Anewhouse_atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()4Thekey_onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()5Doctors_ineverypartof

21、theworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()6Hisnewbook_nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished3()1Japanese_ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()2Thesepapers_yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeen

22、written()3Thesportsmeet_behelduntilnextweek.A.didntB.wontC.isntD.doesnt4()1-Myshoesarewornout.A.Canttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Canttheymended?()2_thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()3_thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do5()1Why_totalkaboutityest

23、erday?A.didntameetingholdB.wasntameetingheldC.wasntheldameetingD.ameetingwasntheld()2Whowasthebook_?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()3Where_theseboxesmade?A.wasB.wereC.isD.am6()1Theflowers_often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()2Thebooksmay_fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.k

24、eepD.borrow()3Thebrokenbike_herebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemend7()1Theoldbridgeinmyhometown_nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt()2Theplay_atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown()3Theoldstonebridge_n

25、extweek.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild8()1Nowthesemagazines_inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()2Thepot_for_hotwater.A.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep()3Tea_inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrow

26、nC.weregrownD.willgrow()4Thebridges_twoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt()5Wetclothesareoften_upnearafireinrainyweather.A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung9()1Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust_dirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing()2Theteap

27、ot_water.A.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled()3Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland_politely.A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento()4Oldpeoplemust_.A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell10()1Newly-bornbabies_inhospital.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoo

28、dcareofD.takegoodcare()2Theywere_atthesuddennoise.A.frighteningB.frightenedC.frightenD.frightens()3Thesewalls_stone.A.aremadeofB.madeof.C.aremadeintoD.madeinto11()1Jane_tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid()2Thepapers_tothem.A.wereshownB.showC.shown/D.haveshown()3Thec

29、oat_hersister.A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto12()1I_fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven()2Goodcare_suchthings.A.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetakenC.shouldbetakingD.shouldbetakenof()3Shewill_goodcare_.A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou13

30、()1Theteachermadehim_hishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done()2Theboy_streetswithoutpayintheolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean()3Thesechildren_dance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto14()1Thesestones_well.A.arefittedB.fitC.fitsD.isfitted()2Thebike_500yuan.A.wascostB.cos

31、tedC.costD.iscosted()3Theimportantmeeting_onacoldmorninglastyear.A.washadB.washeldC.heldD.had15()1Greatchanges_inthepasttenyearsinChina.A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace()2Youcantusethecomputer,it_.A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown()3Greatchanges_inourcountryduringthepast20years.A.havehappenedB.happenedC.havebeenhappenedD.werehappened()4Thewatchhasoften_down.A.satB.la