植物学名词中英对照

1、中文词条英文词条皮层cortex分生组织meristem髓pith细根rootlet中柱stele根瘤tubercule纺锤形fusiform芜菁状的napiform芜菁状的rapiformis纺锤形的spindle-shaped陀螺状的turbinate不定的adventitious气生的aerial板根的buttressed须根fibrous roots吸器haustorium (pl. haustoria)支柱根prop root生根的radicant假根rhizoid细根rootlet蕨根经surculum直根taproot块状根tuberoid根瘤tubercule树皮bark树干b

2、ole小枝branchlet芽bud维管束痕bundle scar形成层cambium茎基caudex (pl. caudices, caudexes)皮层cortex根茎、树冠crown上升的ascending上升的，斜上性的assurgent丛生的，簇生的，密生的caespitose; cespitose具茎的caulescent茎生花的cauliflorous茎生的cauline丛生的cespitose攀援的clambering攀援的climbing匍匐的creeping外倾的、蔓生于地的、匍生的、偃状的、塌地的decumbent歧散的deliquescent二歧的dichotomous

3、极叉开的divaricate分叉的divergent不分枝的eramous直立的erect扁化的fasciated束状的fasciculate帚状的fastigiate肉质的fleshy近灌木状的frutescent灌木状的fruticose小灌木状的fruticulose草本的herbaceous具关节的jointed具长枝的macrocladous多头的multicipital具节的nodiferous裸茎的nudicaul直枝的orthocladous直生的orthotropic粗枝的pachycladous多头的pluricipital平卧的procumbent角质层cuticle上胚

4、轴epicotyl表皮epidermis心材heartwood下胚轴hypocotyl节间internode节、关节joint叶痕leaf scar皮孔lenticel分生组织meristem节node韧皮部phloem髓pith皮刺prickle边材sapwood中柱stele树干trunk小枝，幼枝，嫩枝twig鳞茎bulb珠芽bulbel珠芽bulbil小鳞茎bulblet茎基caudex (pl. caudices, caudexes)幼茎caulicle茎caulis叶状枝cladode叶状枝cladophyll球茎corm小球茎cormel秆culm生花茎floricane藤本植物

5、liana单轴monopodium (pl. monopodia)短匐茎offset分株offshoot叶状枝phylloclade无花茎primocane假花葶pseudoscape截根苗ratoon根状茎rhizome纤匐茎runner长匐茎sarment苗shoot根出条sobol根出条sobole叶花（果）梢spray匍匐茎stolon根株stool根出条sucker合轴sympodium刺thorn分蘖tiller树干trunk块茎tuber具鳞根出条turion小枝twig藤本植物vine无茎的acaulescent上升的adscendent上升的adsurgent具翅的alate

6、二棱的ancipital具棱的angulate基生叶退化的aphyllopodic无叶的aphyllous上升的ascendent半灌木的、似亚灌木的suffruticulose具根出条的surculose地表的surficial四棱的tetragonal蔓生的trailing三棱的triangulate三棱的trigonal三棱的trigonous丛生的tufted缠绕的twining无刺的unarmed单轴的uniaxial柔韧枝的vimineous帚状的virgate具翅的winged叶尖apex叶基base叶片blade叶颈collar中脉costa (pl. costae)小齿den

7、ticle小叶leaflet叶片limb半灌木的suffruticulose具根出条的surculose地表的surficial四棱的tetragonal蔓生的trailing三棱的triangulate三棱的trigonal三棱的trigonous丛生的tufted缠绕的twining无刺的unarmed单轴的uniaxial柔韧枝的vimineous帚状的virgate具翅的winged裂片lobe小裂片lobule叶缘margin中裂片midlobe中脉midnerve中脉midrib中脉midvein短尖头mucro叶脉nerve叶柄petiole小叶柄petiolule羽片pinna

8、 (pl. pinnae)小羽片pinnule叶轴rachis叶轴rhachis肋rib裂片segment凹缺sinus托叶stipule卷须tendril齿tooth脉vein细脉veinlet平卧的prostrate具翅茎的pterocaulous垫状的pulvinate垫状的pulviniform四棱的quadrangular四棱的quadrangulate枝状的ramiform多枝的ramose多枝的ramous多小枝的ramulose拱垂的reclining横卧的recumbent匍匐（生根）的repent根状茎的rhizomatous莲座状的rosulate灯心草状的rush-li

9、ke肉茎的sarcocaulous肉茎的sarcous具长匐茎的sarmentose攀缘的scandent花葶状的scapiform单枝的simple具根出条的soboliferous拱垂的sprawling平展的spreading具匍匐茎的stoloniferous匍匐茎状的stoloniform笔直的strict近花葶状的subscapose地下的subterranean地下的subterraneous肉质的succulent半灌木状suffrutescent半灌木的suffruticose具中脉的costate网状脉的net-veined平行脉的parallel-veined羽状掌状的p

10、innipalmate网状的reticulate具肋的ribbed具三脉的trinerved离基三出脉的triplinerved具脉的venose具二齿的bidentate二裂的bifid两浅裂片的bilobed二深裂的bipartite二回羽状裂的bipinnatifid二裂的bisected具重锯齿的biserrate半裂的cleft具圆齿的；钝锯齿形的；圆锯齿状的；皱缩的；圆齿形的；圆齿状的；钝齿形的crenate具细圆齿的crenulate皱波状的crisped具齿的dentate具细牙齿的denticulate指状的，掌状复出的 digitate多裂的dissected全裂的divi

11、ded无齿的edentate全缘的；不裂的entire啮蚀状的erose浅啮蚀状的erosulate具缺刻的，锐裂的incised内卷的inrolled内卷的involute撕裂状的lacerate具刺的echinate具小刺的echinulate具小平面的faceted被粉的farinose蜂窝状的faveolate蜂窝状的favose具窗孔的fenestrate流苏状的fimbriate被丛卷毛的floccose被短丛卷毛的flocculent具沟的fluted具孔穴的foveate有小孔穴的，蜂窝状的foveolate具流苏的fringed软鳞片状的furfuraceous脱毛的glab

12、rate变无毛的glabrescent光滑的，无毛的glabrous具腺的glandular带白霜的glaucescent有白霜的glaucous具倒刺的glochidiate胶黏的glutinous具长硬毛的hirsute具微糙硬毛的hirsutulous具微糙硬毛的hirtellate具微糙硬毛的hirtellous具糙硬毛的hispid具短硬毛的hispidulous具灰白毛的hoary被细绢毛的holosericeous被灰白毛的incanous无刺的inermous条裂的laciniate; lacinose浅裂的lobed; lobate具小裂片的lobulate多裂的multif

13、id掌状的palmate掌状裂的palmatifid掌状全裂的palmatisect深裂的parted鸟足状的pedate羽状半裂的pinnatifid羽状浅裂的pinnatilobate羽状全裂的pinnatisect四回羽状裂的quadripinnatifid残波状的repand外卷的revolute倒向羽裂的runcinate有锯齿的serrate有细锯齿的serrulate具深波状的sinuate波状的sinuous三齿的tridentate三裂的trifid三深裂的tripartite三回羽状半裂的tripinnatifid波状的undulate抱茎的amplexicaul耳状抱茎的

14、auriculate-clasping抱茎的clasping对生连基抱茎的connate-perfoliate下延的decurrent假单花花序pseudanthium总状花序raceme蝎尾状聚伞花序scorpioid cyme单生花solitary佛焰花序，肉穗花序 spadix穗状花序spike小髓spikelet球穗花序strobile聚伞圆锥花序thyrse伞形花序umbel小伞umbellet轮状聚伞花序verticillaster雄雌同序的androgynous腋生的axillary头状的capitate小头状的capitellate离心花序centrifugal inflore

15、scence向心花序centripetal inflorescence伞房花序状的corymbiform伞房状的corymbose杯状的cyathiform聚伞状；聚伞花序的；具聚伞花序的cymose; cymous; cymiferous有限的determinate団集的glomerate团伞状的glomerulate雌雄同序的gynaecandrous螺卷状的helicoid无限的indeterminate单歧聚伞状的monochasial圆锥状的，具圆锥花序的paniculate; panicled圆锥花序状的paniculiform总状花序状的racemiform总状的racemose

16、蝎尾状的scorpioid偏向的secund佛焰苞的，似佛焰苞的spathaceous穗状的spicate穗状花序状的spiciform顶生的terminal聚伞圆锥状的thyrsoid伞形的umbellate伞形花序状的umbelliform雄蕊群androecium花萼calyx (pl. calyces, calyxes)心皮carpel花冠corolla花被floral envelope雌蕊群gynecium雌蕊群gynoecium蜜腺nectar gland蜜腺nectary花梗pedicel花序梗peduncle花被perianth花瓣petal雌蕊pistil花托receptac

17、le萼片sepal雄蕊stamen (pl. stamens, stamina)花被片tepal延伸的excurrent具托叶鞘的ocreate茎穿叶的perfoliate具叶柄的petiolate具叶柄的petioled具小叶柄的petiolulate无柄的，无梗的sessile具鞘的sheathing互生的alternate基生的basal两侧的bilateral茎生的cauline交互对生的decussate右旋的dextrorse二列的distichous套折的equitant对生的opposite成列的ranked莲座丛rosette莲座状的rosulate左旋的sinistrors

18、e轮生的verticillate轮生的whorled拳卷的circinate具卷须的cirrhiferous摺叠的complicate对折的conduplicate脱落的deciduous无托叶的estipulate常绿的evergreen无托叶的exstipulate针状的acerose锥形的awl-shaped心形的cordate正三角形的deltoid椭圆形的elliptic椭圆形的elliptical剑形的ensiform镰刀形的falcate扇形的flabellate扇形的flabelliform 剑形的gladiate戟形的halberd-shaped戟形的hastate披针形的l

19、anceolate线形的，条形的linear大头羽裂的lyrate倒心形的obcordate倒三角形的obdeltoid倒椭圆形obelliptic or obelliptical倒披针形oblanceolate长圆形的，矩圆形的 oblong倒卵形的obovate圆形的，正圆形的，近圆形的orbicular圆形的orbiculate卵圆形的oval卵形的ovate提琴形的pandurate提琴形的panduriform盾形的peltate茎穿叶的perfoliate方形的quadrate肾形的reniform菱形的rhombic斜方形的rhomboid斜方形的rhomboidal 圆形的ro

20、tund箭头形的sagittate匙形的spathulate匙形的spatulate钻形的subulate两侧相等的aequilateral渐狭的attenuate耳形的auriculate心形的cordate楔形的cuneate耳形的eared戟形的halberd-shaped戟形的hastate不等侧的inequilateral偏斜的；（叶子）两侧不对称的；（树叶）歪的oblique圆形的rounded箭头形的sagittate截形的truncate突然的abrupt渐尖的acuminate急尖的acute具细尖的apiculate具芒的aristate具小芒的aristulate尾状的c

21、audate卷须状的cirrhous有卷须的cirrose骤尖的cuspidate微缺的emarginate被微柔毛的puberulous被短柔毛的pubescent粉状的，被粉的pulverulent具点的punctate具小点的puncticulate疱状突起的pustular疱状突起的pustulate疱状突起的pustuliferous疱状突起的pustulose具小鳞片的ramentaceous露湿状的roridulate有皱的rugate微皱的rugulose嚼烂状的ruminate微糙的scaberulent微糙的scaberulose微糙的scaberulous微糙的scabr

22、ellate粗糙的scabrid微糙的scabridulous粗糙的scabrous具鳞屑的scurfy被绢毛的；被丝状细毛的；绢质的；上披丝状绢毛的sericeous具刚毛的setose具小刚毛的setulose绢状的silky平滑的smooth具刺的spiniferous具刺的spinose具刺的spinous具微刺的spinulose具刺的spiny具鳞片的squamate具小鳞片的squamulose星状的stellate短尖的mucronate; mucroniform具小短尖的mucronulate钝的muticous倒心形的obcordate钝的obtuse齿蚀状praemors

23、e锐尖的，辛辣的pungent微凹的retuse圆形的rounded亚尖的，近尖的subacute截形的truncate偶数羽状的abruptly pinnate, paripinnate两叶的，具两叶的bifoliate二回羽状的bipinnate二回三出的biternate复叶compound leaf多回复叶decompound偶数羽状的even-pinnate具小叶的foliolate奇数羽状的imparipinnate参差羽状的interruptedly pinnate奇数羽状的odd-pinnate掌状的palmate羽状的pinnate单叶的simple卷须羽状复叶tendril

24、-pinnate三出的ternate具三叶的trifoliate具三叶的trifoliolate三回羽状的tripinnate三回三出的triternate奇数羽状的unequally pinnate具一小叶的unifoliate叶（蕨类，棕榈，苏铁类）frond联生叶的；具合生花被片的gamophyllous具异形叶的heterophyllous具异色边的limbate大型叶macrophyll凋存的marcescent具边的marginate基生叶茂盛的phyllopodic具托叶的stipulate; stipuliferous肉质多汁的succulent脉序venation具皮刺的ac

25、uleate被小刺的，稍具皮刺的aculeolate蜂窝状的alveolar蜂窝状的alveolate有孔的aperturate具蛛丝状毛的arachnoid银灰色的argenteous 具刺的armed粗糙的asperous具短硬毛的，具倒刺毛的barbellate具小短硬毛的，具小倒刺毛的barbellulate具泡状隆起的bullate具沟的canaliculate格状的cancellate变灰白的canescent具沟的channeled具缘毛的ciliate具短缘毛的ciliolate灰色的cinerous 革质的coriaceous具皱褶的corrugated具长软毛的crinit

26、e无害的，无刺的innocuous光滑的laevigate具绵毛状的lanate被绒毛的lanuginose被绒毛的lanuginous短绵状毛的lanulose具鳞片的lepidote有光泽的lucid有光泽的lustrous具乳突的mammillate具毡状毛的manicate粉状的mealy粗糙的muricate微糙的muriculate具珍珠光泽的nacreous有光泽的nitid具斑点的notate糠秕状的；稃状的；具托苞的；有鳞片的paleaceous; paleoliferous; paleace毡毛状的pannose具乳突的papillate具小乳突的papillose乳突状硬

27、毛的papillose-hispid纸质的papyraceous透明的pellucid具孔的perforate具柔毛的，覆有柔毛的；覆有细毛的；柔毛状的 pilose具小柔毛的pilosulose具小柔毛的pilosulous具洼点的pitted铅色的plumbeous具粉霜的pruinate具粉霜的pruinose被微柔毛的puberulent具条纹的striate具短糙伏毛的strigillose具糙伏毛的，覆盖着糙伏毛的strigose具短糙伏毛的strigulose瘤状的strumose具槽的sulcate具方格斑纹的tesselate被短绒毛的tomentellous被绒毛的tome

28、ntose被微绒毛的tomentulose半透明的translucent无刺的unarmed具钩的uncinate刺人的urent被短绒毛的velutinous疣状的verrucose具长柔毛的villose微柔毛的villosullous具长柔毛的villous黏的viscid微黏的viscidulous具绵状毛的woolly苞片bract小苞片bracteole小苞片bractlet壳斗cupule花盘disk副萼epicalyx小花floret花flower小总苞involucel总苞involucre总苞involucrum (pl. involucra)花托torus (pl. to

29、ri)轮生whorl辐射对称actinomorphic辐射对称actinomorphous不整齐的irregular两侧对称，单轴对称 monosymmetrical 反常整齐的peloria整齐的regular立体对称的stereomorphic左右对称zygomorphic左右对称的zygomorphous上位的epigynous下位的hypogynous周位的perigynous风媒的anemophilous 开花受精的chasmogamous闭花受精的cleistogamous雌雄蕊异熟的dichogamic雌雄异熟的dichogamous虫媒的entomophilous 同株异花受精

30、的geitonogamous雌雄同熟的homogamous闭花受精的kleistogamous雌花先熟的metandrous鸟媒的ornithophilous异花传粉outcrossing雄蕊先熟protandrous雄蕊先熟的proterandrous雌蕊先熟的proterogynous雌蕊先熟的protogynous自花传粉self-pollinating雄全异株，雄花两性花异株andro-dioecious雄全同株，雄花两性花同株andro-monoecious雄全同株，雄花两性花同株andro-polygamous两性的bisexual雌雄异花的diclinous雌雄异株的dioeci

31、ous雌雄异株的dioicous雌雄异株的diecious雌全异株，雌花两性花异株gyno-dioecious两性的hermaphroditic具两类花的heterogamous不完全的imperfect雌雄同株的monecious雌雄蕊同花的monoclinous雌雄同株的monoecious完全的perfect雌蕊的pistillate杂性异株的polygamo-dioecious 杂性同株的polygamo-monoecious杂性的polygamous雄蕊花staminate单全异株，单性花完全花异株triecious单全异株，单性花完全花异株trioecious单性的unisexua

32、l昼开性的diurnal定时开花的equinoctial冬季开花的hibernal托叶鞘ocreola (pl. ocreolae)花梗pedicel花序梗peduncle雌器苞perigynium (pl. perigynia)总苞片phyllary小穗轴rachilla花序轴rachis伞辐ray花葶scape副花梗secondary peduncle佛焰苞spathe总苞片tegule柔荑花序ament小头状花序capitulum柔荑花序catkin蝎尾状聚伞花序cincinnus伞房花序corymb杯状聚伞花序cyathium (pl. cyathia)聚伞花序cyme小聚伞花序cym

33、ule二歧聚伞花序dichasium团伞花序glomerule头状花序head螺卷聚伞花序helicoid cyme隐头花序hypanthium 居间花序intercalary inflorescence混合花序mixed inflorescence单歧聚伞花序monochasium圆锥花序panicle多歧聚伞花序pleiochasium多头聚伞花序polychasium晨开性的matutinal夜开性的nocturnal夜间开花的nyctanthous夜开的nyctigamous先有花的precocious先有花的proteranthous四季开花的semperflorous迟季开花的se

34、rotinous春季开花的vernal暮开性的vespertine不同数的anisomerous完全的complete二轮列的dicyclic二基数的dimerous异基数的heteromerous六基数的hexamerous不完全的incomplete等基数的isomerous单轮的monocyclic单基数的monomerous五轮的pentacyclic五基数的pentamerous多轮的polycyclic多基数的polymerous相等的symmetric四基数的tetramerous三基数的trimerous翼瓣ala (pl. alae)前唇瓣anterior lip or lo

35、be旗瓣banner瓣片blade鳞桥bridge瓣距calcar萼檐calyx limb萼裂片calyx lobe萼齿calyx tooth萼筒calyx tube龙骨瓣，龙骨状突起 carina瓣爪claw花冠裂片corolla lobe花冠筒corolla tube副花冠corona鸡冠状突起crest副花冠crown盔瓣cucullus副萼epicalyx下垂萼片falls花被管floral tube冠筒鳞片fornix (pl. fornices)流苏fringed盔瓣galea隆凸gibbosity盔瓣helmet兜状瓣hood角状突起horn龙骨瓣keel唇瓣labellum下唇

36、瓣labium (pl. labia)副花冠裂片lamella (pl. lamellae)片lamina腺瓣lepanthium舌瓣ligula冠檐limb唇lip浆片lodicule口orifice喉凸palate冠毛pappus花瓣petal褶plait后唇瓣posterior边花ray囊sac鳞片scale萼片sepal凹缺sinus距spur鳞片squama (pl. squamae)旗瓣standard花被片tepal喉throat旗瓣vexillum翼瓣wing无花被的achlamydeous无花瓣的apetalous离瓣的apopetalous离萼片的aposepalous无花

37、萼的asepalous具双瓣的bipetalous副萼的calyculate单被的chlamydeous离瓣的choripetalous离萼的dialysepalous两被的dichlamydeous两瓣的dipetalous重瓣的double无冠毛的eppapose合瓣的gamopetalous合萼的gamosepalous单被的monochlamydeous合瓣的monopetalous八瓣的octopetalous八萼的octosepalous具冠毛的pappiferous具冠毛的pappose具花瓣的petaliferous具花瓣的petalous离瓣的polypetalous离萼的p

38、olysepalous合瓣的sympetalous合萼的synsepalous四瓣的tetrapetalous; quadripetalous三瓣的tripetalous单瓣的unipetalous渐增的，花后膨大的 accrescent具翅的alate膨大的，扩大的，扩张的ampliate二唇形的bilabiate具距的calcarate鞋状的calceolate钟状的campanulate; campanaceous;campaniform具龙骨状隆起的carinate具小角状突起的corniculate具角状突起的cornute冕形冠状的coroniform十字型的cruciate十字型

39、的cruciform兜状的cucullate平展的explanate漏斗状的funnelform盔状的galeate盔状的galeiform浅囊状的gibbous膨大的inflated漏斗状的infundibuliform 龙骨状的keeled唇形的labiate舌状的ligulate舌状的liguliform具浆片的paleolate蝶形的papilionaceous假面状的personate折扇状的plicate前伸的porrect反折的，下弯的，反卷的reflexed开口的ringent辐状的rotate囊状的saccate高脚碟状的salverform具距的spurred舌状的stra

40、p-shaped管状的tubular; tubiform坛状的urceolate坛状的urn-shaped一侧臌的ventricose具翅的winged雌雄蕊柄androgynophore雄蕊柄androphore花药anther药囊anther sac室cell柱，蕊柱column药隔connective花丝filament合蕊柱gynandrium雄蕊束phalange雄蕊束phalanx花粉pollen花粉块pollinium (pl. pollinia)囊sac花丝stalk雄蕊stamen (pl. stamens, stamina)退化雄蕊staminode (pl. stamin

41、odia)退化雄蕊staminodium缝suture囊，室theca (pl. thecae)载粉器translator败育的，退化的abortive能育的fertile显花丝和花药的filantherous不育的infertile瓣状雄蕊的petalantherous瓣状的petaloid具花粉的polliniferous不发育的rudimentary不育的sterile偏心的eccentric具柄的stipitate心皮有柱无柄的stylocarpellous心皮有柱有柄的stylocarpepodic无心皮的acarpous双心皮的bicarpellate; bicarpellary具

42、两心皮的dicarpellate具二离心皮的digynous具单心皮的monocarpous具单雌蕊的monogynous八雌蕊的，八花柱的 octogynous多心皮的polycarpous多雌蕊的，多花柱的 polyogynous假单基数的pseudomonomerous单心皮的stylodious三心皮的tricarpellary单心皮的unicarpellous离心皮的apocarpous复合子房的compound ovary分离的free雌雄蕊合体的gynandrial雌雄蕊合体的，雌雄蕊合生的gynandrous雌雄蕊合体的gynostemial半离心皮的semmicarpous单

43、子房simple ovary合心皮的syncarpous半下位的half-inferior下位的inferior无雄蕊的anandrous无雄蕊的astemonous两雄蕊的diandrous单轮雄蕊的haplostemonous单雄蕊的monandrous八雄蕊的octandrous八雄蕊的octostemonous少雄蕊的oligandrous五雄蕊的pentandrous多雄蕊的polyandrous多雄蕊的polystemonous互生的alternate对瓣的antepetalous对萼的antesepalous; episepalous对瓣的antipetalous; opposi

44、tipetalous对萼的antisepalous; oppositisepalous二强雄蕊的didynamous具外轮对萼雄蕊的，外轮对萼的diplostemonous; proterosepalous外曲的excurved突出的，外露的，伸出的exserted外向的extrorse具单轮雄蕊的haplostemonous内藏的，内缩的included内弯的incurved内向的introrse具外轮对瓣雄蕊的obdiplostemonous对生的opposite显雄蕊的phaenantherous多体的polyadelphous四强雄蕊的tetradynamous三强雄蕊的tridyna

45、mous附着的adherent贴生的，联生的，合生的，并生的adnate离生雄蕊的apostemonous贴伏的appressed紧靠的approximate愈合的coalescent连着的coherent合生的connate; gamogenic; accrete靠合的connivent二体雄蕊的diadelphous离生的distinct花冠上着生的，花瓣上着生的epipetalous分离的free雌雄蕊合体的gynandrous雌雄蕊合体的gynostemial单体雄蕊的monadelphous雄蕊附着花冠的petalostemonous多体的polyadelphous聚药的synand

46、rous聚药的syngenesious; synantherous基着的basifixed背着的dorsifixed丁字着的versatile纵裂的longitudinal孔裂的poricidal横裂的transverse瓣裂的valvular雌雄蕊柄androgynophore心皮carpel果柄carpopodium室cell合点chalaza隔膜dissepiment胚囊embryo sac珠柄funicle合蕊柱gynandrium雌蕊基gynobase雌蕊柄gynophore珠被integument入侵intrusion珠心kernel室locule小室loculus (pl. lo

47、culi)珠孔micropyle珠心nucellus子房ovary胚珠ovule雌蕊pistil胎座placenta (pl. placentae)果柄podogyne小喙；蕊喙rostellum隔膜septum (pl. septa)柱头stigma柄，梗stipe花柱style（花）柱基stylopodium心皮无柱无柄的astylocarpellous心皮无柱有柄的astylocarpepodic无花柱的astylous上位的superior无花柱的astylous二深裂的bifid偏心的eccentric基着式花柱gynobasic style花柱异长的heterostylic花柱异长

48、的heterostylous花柱同长的homostylic花柱同长的homostylous长花柱的macrostylous单花柱的monostylous具花柱基的stylopodic三花柱的tristylous中轴胎座式axile placentation基生胎座式basal placentation特立中央胎座式free-central placentation边缘胎座式marginal placentation侧膜胎座式parietal placentation横生胚珠amphitropous ovule倒生胚珠anatropous ovule弯生胚珠campylotropous ovul

49、e横生胚珠hemianatropous ovule横生胚珠hemitropous ovule直生胚珠orthotropous ovule节article果瓣柄carpophore室cell接着面commissure壳斗cupule隔膜dissepiment内果皮endocarp外果皮epicarp珠柄funiculus (pl. funiculi)雌蕊柄gynophore托杯，被丝托hypanthium 子房室locule子房室loculus (pl. loculi)分果爿，悬果爿mericarp中果皮mesocarp盖operculum子房ovary果皮pericarp果核pit胎座框rep

50、lum种子seed果瓣segment隔膜septum (pl. septa)柄stipe核stone（花）柱基stylopodium缝suture瓣valve油道vitta (pl. vittae)附果accessory fruit; sphalerocarpium;sphalerocarpum瘦果achene槲果acorn聚合果aggregate fruit瘦果akene掺花果anthocarp假种皮aril浆果berry刺果bur (or burr.)蒴果capsule颖果cariopsis颖果caryopsis周裂蒴果circumscissile capsule分果cremocarp核果

51、drupe小核果drupelet蓇葖果follicle种子状结构，颖果grain柑果hesperidium蔷薇果hip; cynarrhodium; cynarrhodion荚果legume室背开裂蒴果loculicidal capsule节荚loment节荚lomentum (pl. lomenta)复果，聚花果multiple fruit坚果nut小坚果nutlet瓠果pepo荚果pod梨果pome孔裂蒴果poricidal capsule假果pseudocarp盖果pyxidium翅果samara分果schizocarp室间裂蒴果septicidal capsule短角果silicle长

52、角果silique隐头果syconium (pl. syconia)合心皮果syncarp胞果utricle二回羽状深裂的bipinnatiparted二回羽状深裂的bipinnatipartite二回羽状全裂的bipinnatisect三回羽状深裂的tripinnatipartite; 3-pinnatipartite三回羽状全裂的tripinnatisect; 3-pinnatisect四回羽状深裂的4-pinnatipartite五深裂的quinquepartite五浅裂的quinquelobate; quinquelobed半重瓣的semidouble重瓣花的pleniflorous具

53、二翅的bialate; dipterous具双翅的dipterous具翅柄的podopterous; pteropodous具小翅室的areolate具翅种子的 pterospermous; pterygospermous具翅花梗的pterygopous钟状叶的codophyllous圆柱形的，圆柱状的，圆筒形的terete多分枝的much branched被稀疏微柔毛的sparsely puberulent有香气的aromatic具腺点的glandular-punctate; gland-dotted上部叶uppermost leaves 茎上部叶uppermost stem (caulin

54、e) leaves 茎下部叶lowermost stem (cauline) leaves茎中部叶middle stem (cauline) leaves三角状卵形的triangular-ovate宽卵形的broad-ovate; broadly ovate篦齿状的，栉状的，栉齿状，有栉齿状边缘的ctenoid具浅沟的shallowly canaliculate; shallowcanaliculate 具深沟的deeply canaliculate具纵沟的longitudinally canaliculate具浅槽的shallowly sulcate具深槽的deeply sulcate具纵槽

55、的longitudinally sulcate具纵浅槽的shallowly longitudinally sulcate具纵深槽的deeply longitudinally sulcate具纵条纹的longitudinally striate具纵棱的longitudinally angulate具纵脊的longitudinally ridged具有细直线纹的；有细直条纹的；有细条纹的；有细纹的 lineolate具皮孔的lenticellate精确具皮孔的minutely lenticellate稀少具皮孔的sparsely lenticellate星散具皮孔的scattered lentic

56、ellate显着具皮孔的conspicuously lenticellate粗糙具皮孔的scabrous lenticellate显着具皮孔的prominently lenticellate稀少白色皮孔的sparsely white lenticellate正面adaxially背面abaxially两面bifacially顶部，顶端apically（叶子）异面的bifacial凹陷的concave叶背面；叶下面abaxial leaf surface叶正面；叶上面adaxial leaf surface始端；尖端；先端；顶尖；壳顶；翅尖；喙尖；顶端apex具狭翅的narrowly winge

57、d具宽翅的broadly winged侧脉，侧棱lateral rib叶状的leaflike花序inflorescence 复合花序synflorescence单末端复合花序monotelic synflorescence侧生分枝paraclade复头状花序capitulescence; compound capitulum有花梗的，具柄的，具总花柄的pedunculate有短花梗的shortly pedunculate具突尖的，突出的，凸出的prominent下垂的，偏垂的nodding; pendent包围，排列，外围着生subtended by密布closely subtended by

58、干膜质的，纸状的scarious椭圆的ellipsoid椭圆状卵形ellipsoid-ovoid花期florescence; anthesis果期fruit period花果期fl. and fr.一年生的annual二年生的biennial三年生的triennial四年生的quadrennial五年生的quinquennial多年生的perennial木质化的；木质的；木本的ligneous; woody稀疏的sparse密集的，密被的close; dense具腺点的glandular-punctate 具腺毛的glandular-pubescent被星状柔毛的stellate pubesc

59、ent螺旋排列的spirally arranged 倒卵球形的obovoid聚成球形的glomerate类似扁球形的oblatoid近扁球形的 oblate spheroidal类扁球形的oblatoid卵球形的ovoid球形的，球状的globose 球状肾形的globose reniform球状倒卵球形的globose obovoid扁球状的compressed globose花冠管corolla tube分叉的，叉状的，二分枝的bifurcate叉形的，分叉的，叉状的，叉分的furcate有叉的，分叉的，分支的；叉状的forked展开的，张开的patulose展开的patulosus(树枝

60、等)平展的；展开的；开放的；扩展的patulous展开的；反卷的；外卷的evolute五裂爿的quinquevalve五裂的quinquefid三角形的triangular三棱的，具凹面三棱的triquetrous并生的，合生的coalesced二花合生的geminiflorous合生子房的gamogastrous合生雄蕊的adelphous; symphystemonous密被贴生的densely adnate尾状渐尖的caudate-acuminate雌蕊着生的pistillaceous丝状的，线状的，线形的filiform丝状的，线状的；小鬃形的setuliform膝状弯曲的；弯如膝状的